Dr
Andrivo Rusydi
(National University of Singapore)
25/11/2015, 11:00
Perovskite manganites exhibit fascinating transport and magnetic properties. With the development of thin film technologies, more exotic properties have been observed in doped-manganites over a wide range of temperatures. Unraveling the interplay of spin, charge and orbital degrees of freedom that drives exotic, macroscopic properties is therefore crucial for the understanding of strongly...
Dr
Rachel Mak
(University of Sydney)
25/11/2015, 11:00
Locus ceruleus (LC) neurons supply central nervous system cells with noradrenaline, and damage to the LC has been found in multiple sclerosis (MS) and in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. LC neurons selectively accumulate heavy metal toxicants, which could play an important role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Histochemical studies of brain tissue from MS patients...
Dr
Nicholas Reynolds
(Swinburne University of Technology)
25/11/2015, 11:30
Amyloid fibrils are implicated in over 20 neurodegenerative diseases. The mechanisms of fibril structuring and formation are not only of medical and biological importance but are also relevant for material science and nanotechnologies due to the unique structural and physical properties of amyloids. We found that hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL), homologous to the disease-related human lysozyme,...
Dr
Jayde Livingstone
(Australian Synchrotron)
25/11/2015, 11:30
Microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) is a preclinical treatment modality utilising medium energy x-rays from a third generation synchrotron source. The x-rays are collimated into parallel beams which are typically 25-100 µm wide with a pitch of 10-400 µm. Spatial fractionation of the beam allows the delivery of high doses with preferential damage to cancerous tissue and sparing of surrounding...
Dr
Best Stephen P
(U Melbourne), Dr
Chanh Q Tran
(La Trobe), Prof.
Christopher Thomas Chantler
(University of Melbourne), Mr
M Tauhidul Islam
(U Melbourne)
25/11/2015, 11:30
XAFS can now be used to investigate electron inelastic mean free paths, dynamical and thermal bonding, to measure nanoroughness and most importantly to assess the significance of alternate hypotheses with derived experimental uncertainty. These key developments will be discussed.
A new approach is introduced for determining XAS spectra on absolute and relative scales using multiple solutions...
Dr
Daniel Eriksson
(Australian Synchrotron), Dr
David Aragao
(Australian Synchrotron), Dr
Tom Caradoc-Davies
(Australian Synchrotron.)
25/11/2015, 11:50
The EIGER series of hybrid photon detectors constitute an interesting alternative to the more established Pilatus technology. As a means to assess their potential, Dectris kindly lent the Australian Synchrotron their smallest unit for a short period, to be tested at a range of beamlines. The EIGER has a range of properties suitable for deployment at an MX beamline such as kilohertz frame rate;...
Dr
Terry Humphries
(Curtin University)
25/11/2015, 11:50
Metal hydrides have long been explored for their potential application in a variety of technological applications including hydrogen storage materials for energy applications, fast-ion conductors and sensors. For thermal energy storage, such as concentrating solar thermal energy storage, metal hydrides are required to operate at temperatures in excess of 500 °C [1]. This temperature is too...
Dr
Keith R Bambery
(Infrared Microscopy Beamline, Australian Synchrotron)
25/11/2015, 11:50
Synchrotron Radiation - Fourier Transform Infrared (SR-FTIR) microscopy coupled with multivariate data analysis was used to monitor the radiation induced cellular bystander effect. Living prostate cancer PC-3 cells were singly irradiated with various numbers of protons, ranging from 50-2000, with an energy of either 1 or 2 MeV using a proton microprobe. SR-FTIR spectra of cells, fixed after...
Dr
Farid JUILLOT
(Institut de Mineralogie, de Physique des Materiaux et de Cosmochimie IMPMC, UMR CNRS 7590, UR IRD 206, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie UPMC, 75005 Paris, France)
25/11/2015, 12:10
In this presentation, we will show how Ni K-edge EXAFS data from the Australian Synchrotron (Melbourne) and several facilities worldwide (ESRF-France, ELETTRA-Italy, SOLEIL-France, SSRL-USA) helped us to depict the crystal-chemistry of nickel in New Caledonia, the third nickel producer in the world thanks to its geological setting (one-third of the surface covered with lateritic regoliths...
Mr
Henry Kirkwood
(La Trobe University)
25/11/2015, 12:10
X-ray micro-beam Laue diffraction is a powerful tool for mapping the orientation and elastic strain within polycrystalline materials. Microscale interactions between neighbouring grains influence the macroscale behaviour of a material, particularly its deformation behaviour and damage mechanisms such as cracking which is often initiated in the intercrystalline regions. Widely used deformation...
Dr
Mark Tobin
(Australian Synchrotron)
25/11/2015, 12:10
Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) is a sampling method frequently used for FTIR microanalysis of samples which cannot be prepared as thin sections for transmission analysis. Generally, an ATR prism is attached to the front of the microscope objective and 2D mapping achieved by repeated contacts with the ATR crystal. The method is more suited to harder materials, since the multiple ATR...
Dr
Kevin Jack
(University of Queensland)
25/11/2015, 14:00
Block copolymers are ubiquitous materials with a vast range of applications, e.g. in drug delivery, photolithography, chemical sensors, surfactants, and as templates for the production of hard materials. The properties of these materials and hence the range of potential applications arise from the ability to combine an array of chemical functionalities and architectures that can be...
Dr
Gary Ruben
(CSIRO, Australian Synchrotron)
25/11/2015, 14:00
The X-ray Fluorescence Microscopy (XFM) beamline at the Australian Synchrotron is host to the Maia x-ray fluorescence detector, developed by CSIRO and BNL [1]. The Maia's large collection area and optimised photon event processing combine to achieve high sensitivity and photon count rates, enabling rapid, microscale mapping of trace metals in a variety of specimen types from biological to...
Dr
Chris Hall
(Australian Synchrotron)
25/11/2015, 14:30
An x-ray image highlighting technique which might prove more sensitive than simple attenuation alteration, is imaging the x-ray fluorescence from specific markers. This technique is exploited to great effect on x-ray fluorescence microscopy beam lines like our XFM facility. On IMBL we would like to develop a lower resolution, but wider field of view method of reconstructing 3-D fluorescence...
Dr
Docheon Ahn
(Pohang Accelerator Laboratory)
25/11/2015, 14:30
Ag-embedded LiMnPO4 (LMP) cathode was synthesized by solid-state reaction using 1 wt% Ag precursor. Structure, morphology, and electrical conductivity studies of Ag-embedded LMP were performed by high resolution synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and four probe measurements. An Ag nanoparticle (~ 26 nm)...
Ms
Leonie van 't Hag
(University of Melbourne / CSIRO)
25/11/2015, 14:30
Recently, the development of a novel *in meso* crystallization method has facilitated the structural determination of several biologically relevant membrane proteins (MPs). However, *in meso* crystallization remains poorly understood as MPs are difficult to express and handle. An improved understanding of this technique can lead to an improved success rate and facilitate the structural...
Ms
Madeleine Dupont
(University of Newcastle)
25/11/2015, 14:50
Energy storage devices are an increasingly important technology due to the growing demand for energy. This demand, combined with the depletion of non-renewable resources, has increased the need for renewable energy and energy-saving technologies. These systems rely heavily on energy storage. Renewable energy sources, including wind and solar power, require storage to mitigate the effects of a...
Mr
Kedar Deshmukh
(Monash University)
25/11/2015, 14:50
Semiconducting polymers are interesting materials that can be used as the active layer in light-emitting diodes, transistors and solar cells. In a polymer solar cell, the blending of donor and acceptor materials is required to achieve effective charge generation. Historically, fullerene derivatives have been used as the acceptor material due their high electron affinity, but fullerenes only...
Dr
stewart midgley
(Adjunct Research Associate)
25/11/2015, 15:10
Dual energy X-ray analysis (DEXA) uses computed tomography (CT) measurements at two photon energies to characterise the density and composition of materials. Results are expressed as the electron density (*Ne*) and fourth statistical moment (*R4*) describing the elemental composition similar to the concept of effective atomic number. The accuracy of the technique was investigated for liquid...
Dr
David Jenkins
(CSIRO Digital Productivity Flagship)
25/11/2015, 15:10
Metallurgical coal is a major Australian commodity export, worth more than A$20b *per annum*. It is used to make coke, a vital component in steelmaking. High quality coke is important for successful operation of modern ironmaking blast furnaces. Crucial to coke quality is the strength and reactivity of this porous composite material. There is a close relationship between coke quality and...
Dr
Nasim Amiralian
(The University of Queensland), Dr
Pratheep Kumar ANNAMALAI
(The University of Queensland)
25/11/2015, 15:10
The utilisation of lignocellulosic plant biomass has gained revived interest due to the increased awareness fuel economy and sustainable materials. Many teams around the world are producing nanocellulose by the careful removal of some or the entire matrix to produce nanocellulose. Recently we have discovered and patented a unique, very high quality grade of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) or...
Dr
Sakura Pascarelli
(European Synchrotron Radiation Facility)
26/11/2015, 09:45
The last decades have witnessed an unprecedented surge in the study of matter and materials at extreme values of pressure, temperature, and magnetic field. The fundamental importance of this research stems from the fact that such extreme conditions can deeply modify chemical bonds and induce myriad changes in materials. Many breakthroughs have been achieved at synchrotrons worldwide, in fields...
Dr
Richard Collins
(The University of New South Wales)
26/11/2015, 11:00
Dr
Helen Forrester
(Hudson Institute of Medical Research)
26/11/2015, 11:00
Microbeam radiotherapy (MRT) utilizes high intensity synchrotron generated X-rays collimated planar microbeams (~25 µm). MRT showns promise for cancer treatment, effectively ablating tumours while causing less normal tissue damage compared to conventional broadbeam (BB) radiotherapy. Synchrotron radiation also has low scattering making it ideal to investigate non-targeted, systemic radiation...
Dr
John Cullen
(Aspen Australia)
26/11/2015, 11:00
While synchrotron science is well beyond most clinicians, our research suggests it will become an important tool in future clinical research. Although there is a lot of science behind the clinical and pharmacological understanding of drug products formulation, what actually happens inside the tablet before and during the administration process is mostly empirical and sometimes...
Mr
Frank Gagliardi
(William Buckland Radiotherapy Centre)
26/11/2015, 11:30
Nanoparticles with high atomic number (Z) have a larger x-ray cross section than biological tissues. Synchrotron beams interact with the nanoparticles to produce Auger electrons which deposit their energy over a short range, typically less than a micron. This characteristic offers the ability to enhance the dose delivered to tumors by synchrotron broad beam (BB) or microbeam radiation therapy...
Prof.
Barry Noller
(The University of Queensland)
26/11/2015, 11:30
Industry engagement offers alternative sources of applied research funding. Because industry and the private sector are culturally-different to both government and the tertiary sector, the challenge is to sell the need for the high investment cost of applied research to deliver the outcome needed by industry within a prescribed framework and time limit. Academic freedom is constrained in the...
Rosalie Hocking
(James Cook University)
26/11/2015, 11:30
One of the greatest challenges of the 21st century will be securing cheap and renewable sources of energy. One of the most promising approaches to this challenge is to design catalysts from earth abundant materials capable of implementing key chemical reactions including splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen (H2O → 2H+ + O2); and both the oxidation (H2→ 2H+) and reduction (2H+→ H2) of...
Dr
Buzz Palmer
(STC Australia)
26/11/2015, 11:50
Australia ranks third in the world with respect to excellence in academic research, indicating that Australia is exceptionally pioneering and cutting edge. Many Australian universities rank highly globally for innovation and STEMM, there is an exciting, attainable opportunity to position universities locally, regionally, nationally and internationally as entrepreneurial ecosystem foundations....
Dr
Wen Wen
(Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences)
26/11/2015, 11:50
Lithium ion battery has wide applications in portable electronics and is one of the most attractive power sources for next generation electric vehicles. Thus, research on new intercalation compounds, which are usually nano-scale mixed metal oxides, is extensively carried out.
In a lithium ion battery, charge transfer can be correlated with redox reactions of cations and this has been...
Dr
Jeffrey CROSBIE
(RMIT University)
26/11/2015, 11:50
Before clinical trials of synchrotron microbeam radiotherapy (MRT) on humans can occur, a computerised treatment planning system (TPS) to calculate the dose distribution in the patient must be developed and validated. To satisfy this requirement, we use a research licenced version of the Eclipse™ TPS from Varian Medical Systems. This research license allows for customised dose calculation...
Mr
Jason Palazzolo
(Molecular Radiation Biology Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia)
26/11/2015, 12:10
Microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) is a promising modality for administering synchrotron-generated ionizing radiation (IR). Compared to conventionally used broadbeam (BB) radiation, MRT yields improved therapeutic benefits by preserving healthy tissues whilst selectively ablating tumours. By offering beam precision and reduced radiation scattering, the Australian Synchrotron (AS) is ideal for...
Dr
Peter Kappen
(Australian Synchrotron)
26/11/2015, 12:45
This session will provide an update on activities and capabilities at the XAS beamline. The session aims to provide users with the opportunity to discuss current and future needs with the beamline team.
Mr
Alex Winnett
(Swinburne University of Technology)
26/11/2015, 13:30
This project aims to demonstrate a method for the simultaneous collection of the data for X-ray Computed Tomography (XCT) and X-ray Fluorescence Computed Tomography (XFCT) at the Imaging and Medical Beamline, in conjunction with Swinburne University of Technology. XCT is known to give high quality morphological images of a specimen, while FXCT potentially provides functional information....
Mr
HANI ALBETRAN
(Curtin University & University of Dammam)
26/11/2015, 13:30
The paper reports the way in which titania absolute phase levels (amorphous, anatase and rutile forms) in electrospun amorphous titania nanofibers change with temperature over the range 25–900 °C according to the controlling environment for calcination as the material is heated non-isothermally. The environments chosen for study were air and argon. A novel method was developed to extract the...
Mr
Nader Afshar
(Controls Engineer)
26/11/2015, 13:30
Scanning motion axes are increasingly becoming key components to many beamlines. The velocity control requirements raise challenges at hardware and software control levels. Tracking a velocity profile with the required precision and stability can be a challenging task for the motion systems. It is not unusual to see motion stages, motors and sensor working close to their technical limits so...
Ms
Katie Sizeland
(Massey University)
26/11/2015, 13:30
Heart valve leaflets can be replaced using bioengineered leaflets from bovine pericardium tissue. The strength and thickness of the material is of crucial importance for both the percutaneous delivery of the leaflet replacement and the long life in service that is required of the biomaterial. Neonatal pericardium is thinner than adult pericardium giving it a physical advantage for heart valve...
Dr
Johan Verbeek
(University of Waikato)
26/11/2015, 13:30
Bulk proteinaceous feedstocks used for bioplastic production are often insoluble and may already be denatured but retain some secondary structural features. The amide I region is commonly used for secondary structure estimation, but can be subject to interference from processing aids used to convert proteins into thermoplastics. The amide III region is much weaker but also sensitive to...
Dr
Yu-Shan Huang
(National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center)
26/11/2015, 13:30
Taiwan Photon Source is designed to emphasize electron beams of small emittance and great brilliance for generating ex-tremely bright photon beams. The superior characteristics of TPS have opened avenues for novel scien-tific opportunities and experimental techniques. The advanced techniques of seven phase-I beamlines include temporally coherent X-ray diffraction, protein microcrystollography,...
Dr
Richard Collins
(The University of New South Wales)
26/11/2015, 13:30
In the 1950s-60s the Maralinga Lands were used by the British/Australian governments for the testing and development of nuclear weapons. Four clean-up programs have been undertaken at Maralinga with the last, concluding in 2000, having the objective to release the former nuclear test sites for use by the traditional owners. As part of a wider scientific program examining soil-to-animal...
Mrs
Allina Nadzri
(Australian National University (ANU))
26/11/2015, 13:30
Ion tracks consist of narrow (~10 nm), long (~10-100 μm) cylindrical defect regions that are left behind by high-velocity heavy ions when they pass through a solids. Such tracks are used for determining the age and thermal history of geological material by studying the number and length distribution of chemically etched tracks that result from spontaneous fission of natural inclusions of...
Mr
Owen Beaumont
(Monash University)
26/11/2015, 13:30
Long term data storage devices, such as computer hard drive disks, utilize magnetic field orientations of ferromagnet arrays to encode and store information.The size of these devices is therefore contingent upon the size of the magnets used. Molecules capable of magnetic hysteresis, termed single molecule magnets, are of interest then as a means to miniaturize data storage devices. Realization...
Andreas Moll
(Australian Synchrotron)
26/11/2015, 13:30
The Scientific Computing and IT group at the Australian Synchrotron develops software tools to support beamline science, maximise the user experience and accelerate the scientific outcomes of their beam time. Our suite of open source tools facilitate better and more streamlined data collection integrated with automatic and real-time processing, the results of which can inform decisions about...
Dominique Appadoo
(Australian Synchrotron)
26/11/2015, 13:30
Spectroscopic studies of condensed phase matter have been successfully conducted at the THz/Far-IR beamline of Australian Synchrotron for a few years and applications range from nanotechnology, geology, renewable energy sources, forensics, biology, engineering and the environment. In this paper, we will present some of these applications and current techniques, as well as new techniques which...
Dr
Jaehyun Park
(Pohang Accelerator Laboratory)
26/11/2015, 13:30
Pohang Accelerator Laboratory X-ray Free Electron Laser (PAL-XFEL) is planning to finish the construction by the end of this year. The light source will provide ultra-bright (assuming 1 x 10$^{12}$ photons/pulse at 12.4 KeV) and ultra-short (10-60 femtosecond) X-ray pulses. The HEH2 (Hard x-ray Experimental Hutch 2) is mainly focused on the serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) for...
Mr
Robert Staniland
(University of Canterbury)
26/11/2015, 13:30
A pair of related [Fe4L4]8+ tetrahedral cages were synthesised differing only in the electronic nature of the face-capping ligand. Cage **1** is comprised of four ligands containing a central triazine ring, whilst cage **2** is analogous utilising a benzene core. The cages were structurally characterised using X-ray crystallography performed at the Australian...
Mr
Adrian Emerson
(Monash University)
26/11/2015, 13:30
This research has developed amine-based porous coordination polymers (PCPs) as materials for CO2 capture from coal-fired power plants. PCPs are a class of framework materials built from a combination of organic linkers and metal ions which display a wide range of desirable properties for gas adsorption, including high thermal stability and adjustable chemical functionality. One of...
Mr
Nicholas Anthony
(La Trobe University, ARC Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging)
26/11/2015, 13:30
Ptychography is a method for quantitatively determining the phase of a samples’ complex transmission function. The technique relies upon the collection of multiple overlapping coherent diffraction patterns from laterally displaced points on the sample. The overlap of measurement points provides complementary information that significantly aids in the reconstruction of the complex wavefield...
Dr
Daniele Pelliccia
(RMIT University)
26/11/2015, 13:30
Synchrotron microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) is a novel, preclinical form of radiotherapy that shows promise of providing a major advance in cancer control if successfully translated to clinical practice. To generate MRT, the synchrotron beam is segmented by a collimator into a lattice of microbeams, usually 25-50 µm wide. The beams have minimal divergence and are spaced at regular intervals...
Mr
Mohammad Jahangir Hossain
(The School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Australia), Dr
Zhiyang Wang
(School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Australia & The Powder Diffraction Beamline, Australian Synchrotron)
26/11/2015, 13:30
Piezoelectric ceramics are playing an important role as sensor and actuator materials in many modern smart devices. When studying these functional materials, understanding the structural changes during the actuation process is necessary for gaining a complete picture of the structure-property relationship. Structures of such materials may be meta-stable during actuation, thus must be observed...
Ms
Nadia Mazarakis
(Epigenomic Medicine, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute)
26/11/2015, 13:30
Synchrotron-Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) tissue mapping is yet to be investigated in chronic models of allergic airways diseases. Here, spectra derived from synchrotron-FTIR maps were used to analyse an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced murine chronic allergic airways disease model. Analysis of the chemical maps resulted in distinct clusters and significant changes in the lipid, proteins and...
Mr
Adam Welford
(Monash University)
26/11/2015, 13:30
Solution cast, organic field-effect transistors (OFET) have many advantages, such as rapid, large area fabrication, low production cost and flexible substrates making them ideal for specialized applications (ex: flexible displays, radio frequency identification).
Suitable fabrication techniques that can readily scale up are therefore essential when looking at future manufacturing scenarios. ...
Mr
Ravi Shukla
(School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University)
26/11/2015, 13:30
The concept of using gold nanoparticles for enhancement of radiation therapy appears to be promising approach for improved cancer treatment. As gold is an excellent absorber of X-rays, the cells loaded with gold nanoparticles receive higher dose when compared to the untreated cells. This improved radio sensitization effect allows enhanced radiation induced cell death and minimises the dose of...
Dr
Zhiyang Wang
(School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Australia & The Powder Diffraction Beamline, Australian Synchrotron)
26/11/2015, 13:30
This work presents in situ high-energy synchrotron x-ray diffraction measurements on the polycrystalline BaTiO3 at temperatures above the Curie point (TC) during application of unipolar electric fields and uniaxial compressive stresses. The experimental observations provide insights into the general paraelectric/paraelastic to ferroelectric/ferroelastic phase transition behaviors and have...
Mr
Ruixing Feng
(Australian National University)
26/11/2015, 13:30
Ge has been increasingly important in semiconductor application in the recent years, since it has the potential to be an alternative material replacing Si in fabricating metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect-transistor for future metal oxide semiconductor devices. Here we study the effect of Indium concentration on the structural and electrical properties of Ge with or without C co-doping. By...
Prof.
Christopher Thomas Chantler
(University of Melbourne), Dr
Jay D Bourke
(U Melbourne)
26/11/2015, 13:30
We present the new computational package FDMX; a full-potential code for accurate robust calculations of x-ray absorption fine structure across all energies from below the edge to the smooth atom-like absorption region.
Full-potential modeling of condensed matter systems is a critical tool for analysis of x-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra [1,2]. Despite demonstrated...
Prof.
Feng Wang
(Swinburne University of Technology)
26/11/2015, 13:30
As the most important organometallic sandwich compound in chemistry, ferrocene (Fc, Fe(C5H5)2) can also serve in hydrogenanses as metal catalysis in the interaction with enzyme. As a result, understanding the structural and functional details of the active site of hydrogenases through X-ray crystallography, spectroscopic and computational methods, has been the bottleneck of biomimetic and...
Dr
Yingyot Poo-arporn
(Synchrotron Light Research Institute)
26/11/2015, 13:30
Cerium-doped titanium dioxide was prepared by a sol-gel method using Titanium(IV)-isopropoxide and Ce(NO3)3•6H2O as the Ti and Ce precursors. X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) measurement was performed on the time-resolved XAS (Bonn-SUT-SLRI) beamline at Synchrotron Light Research Institute, Thailand. The beamline employs an energy dispersive monochromator and the position...
Andrew Rose
(Southern Cross University)
26/11/2015, 13:30
While the formation and transformation of many minerals has been relatively well studied empirically at a macromolecular scale, the precise mechanisms by which minerals form and transform at the molecular level remain poorly described. Time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) allows observation of changes in the local coordination environment of molecules involved in the very early...
Bernt Johannessen
(Australian Synchrotron)
26/11/2015, 13:30
Au nanoparticles, potential catalysts in fuel cells, were produced following a published chemical method. As-made nanoparticles were then adsorbed to carbon black supports and an electrochemical ageing sequence was applied. Of interest to this study was to observe and quantify the long term stability of Au nanoparticles upon ageing and as a function of nanoparticle size. To this end X-ray...
Dr
Wasinee Phonsri
(Monash University)
26/11/2015, 13:30
The relationship between intermolecular interactions and spin-crossover features such as the abruptness of the spin transition and cooperativity, in crystalline complexes of iron(II) and iron(III), is of much current interest.1 We were particularly interested to make heteroleptic complexes of Hqsal and H2thsa ligands (where Hqsal = quinolylsalicylaldimine2 and H2thsa =...
Mr
Ehsan Mohammadpour
(School of Engineering & Information Technology, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia)
26/11/2015, 13:30
This paper describes thermal stability of CrAlTiN hard coatings, deposited by magnetron sputtering technique in temperature range of 25-700 °C. The microstructure and phase combination of coatings were investigated using in situ synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction (SR-XRD). Rietveld refinement was carried out on the characterisation of SR-XRD spectra to investigate the structure and phase...
Dr
Tamar Greaves
(RMIT University)
26/11/2015, 13:30
Ionic liquids (ILs) are tailorable solvents with a vast number of potential cation and anion combinations. ILs have many potential applications in fuel cells, organic and inorganic synthesis and as biological solvents. Currently the tailorability of ILs is underutilised with most studies optimising the choice of IL for a specific application using < 20 candidates. Protic ILs (PILs) are a...
Dr
Stephen Best
(University of Melbourne)
26/11/2015, 13:30
While the measurement of low-temperature spectra of “isolated molecules” can achieved by the use of noble-gas matrices, a simpler method using paraffin wax has been applied to the preparation of samples of ferrocene (Fc) for cryogenic IR spectroscopy. By control of the solute concentration it has been possible to achieve spectra characteristic of those obtained from RT solutions in...
Dr
Stephen Best
(University of Melbourne)
26/11/2015, 13:30
The design and operation of a low volume spectroelectrochemical (SEC) cell for the measurement of X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of solutions at room temperature will be described. The XAS-SEC cell is suitable for operation with fluorescence detection where the 2×2×12 mm working electrode chamber doubles as the solution cell for XAS measurements. A key element of the design of the experiment...
Dr
Jeremy Wykes
(Macquarie University & Australian Synchrotron)
26/11/2015, 13:30
The recent development of the deformation-DIA (D-DIA) cubic-cell multi-anvil apparatus permits dynamic experiments investigating the rheological properties (measuring stress and strain) of materials at high pressures and temperatures, previously unattainable in deformation apparatus.
A D-DIA apparatus is currently being commissioned on the XAS beamline at the Australian Synchrotron. The...
Mr
Hyo-Yoon Kim
(Pohang Accelerator Laboratory)
26/11/2015, 13:30
A soft X-ray monochromator covering, so called, tender X-rays is realized with grating optics. The monochromator is composed of two reflection optics of a deflection mirror and a grating and they are configured to work at highly grazing incidence angles to guarantee moderate reflectivity even in the tender X-ray energy range. By the limitation of grazing incidence angles, the energy scan...
Mr
Masrur Morshed Nahid
(Monash University)
26/11/2015, 13:30
In making organic electronics a reality, donor-acceptor based conjugated semiconducting polymers are playing pivotal role. However, the molecular packing, crystallinity and the disorder of the polymer matrix in the thin-films typically result in low charge transport mobilities. To this end, mechanical rubbing with velvet cloths is used to mediate the chain assembly and directional alignment of...
Dr
Christopher Miller
(School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales)
26/11/2015, 13:30
The formation of iron-phosphate minerals influences the transport and bioavailability of phosphate in natural systems, despite this importance, understanding of the mechanism and rate of this process is limited. Iron addition is also used to remove phosphorous during municipal wastewater treatment to prevent eutrophication and associated algal blooms in receiving waters. The poor understanding...
Dr
Jae-Young Kim
(Pohang Accelerator Laboratory)
26/11/2015, 13:30
The construction of a beamline covering a wide energy range of 250 eV ~ 3000 eV is going on at Pohang Light Source (PLS). In order to provide sufficient photon flux up to 3000 eV with grating optics, the beamline is designed to use just four reflection optics with highly grazing angles. A Hetterick style monochromator with various incident angles is adopted under entrance slitless...
Mr
Andrew Dipuglia
(University of Wollongong)
26/11/2015, 13:30
Microbeam Radiation Therapy (MRT) uses synchrotron-generated X-rays to deliver a treatment dose at a very high dose rate via collimated planar, parallel array of microbeams. The synchrotron X-ray beam on the Imaging and Medical Beamline (IMBL) at the Australian Synchrotron (AS) is spatially fractionated by a tungsten carbide/kapton multislit collimator (MSC) giving beam dimensions of either 25...
Dr
Anton Stampfl
(Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation)
26/11/2015, 13:30
A low energy band pass neutron spectrometer that operates in the range of $\sim 50\!-\!1200\, \textrm{cm}^{-1}$ has very recently been commissioned and first experiments run at the OPAL reactor. The so-called Beryllium-filter spectrometer is predominantly used to obtain vibrational density of states spectra from those materials that contain hydrogen, thus making this instrument especially...
Mr
Gonzalo Conesa-Zamora
(Australian Synchrotron)
26/11/2015, 13:30
The Imaging and Medical Therapy Beamline at the Australian Synchrotron is progressing with Micro Radiation Therapy studies, to enable the Beamline to be used to treat human patients in the future. These studies provide a number of technical challenges for the Engineering Teams due to the high dose rates accompanying this technique. Trial systems are under development using small rodents as a...
Dr
Jae-Hong Lim
(Pohang Accelerator Laboratory)
26/11/2015, 13:30
Photon beam stabilization is a basic issue for reliable data acquisition. The beamline 6C Bio Medical Imaging of Pohang Light Source-II (PLS-II) is a dedicated station for full-field X-ray projection imaging at micron spatial resolutions. It uses Bragg-crystal monochromators which have a beam expanding capability. Although the beam size is relatively large, about one centimeter vertically, we...
Mr
Wenchao Huang
(Monash University)
26/11/2015, 13:30
We investigate the microstructure of solution-processed organometallic lead halide perovskite thin films using a combination of synchrotron based techniques. Using a combination of GIWAXS and NEXAFS spectroscopy we separately probe the orientational alignment of CH3NH3PbI3 crystallites and CH3NH3+ cations. The GIWAXS results reveal that the orientation of CH3NH3PbI3 crystallites is sensitive...
Dr
Chanh Q Tran
(La Trobe), Prof.
Christopher Thomas Chantler
(University of Melbourne), Prof.
Feng Wang
(Swinburne University of Technology), Mr
M Tauhidul Islam
(U Melbourne), Dr
Stephen P Best
(U Melbourne)
26/11/2015, 13:30
Methods for the quantification of statistically valid measures of the uncertainties associated with X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) data obtained from dilute solutions using fluorescence measurements are developed. Several systematics (e.g. self-absorption) associated in fluorescence detection cannot yet be corrected automatically. Multielement fluorescence detectors provide a set of...
Dr
Andrew Stevenson
(Australian Synchrotron/ CSIRO)
26/11/2015, 13:30
A critical phase for any synchrotron beamline involves detailed testing, characterization and commissioning; this is especially true of a beamline as complex as the Imaging & Medical Beamline (IMBL) [1-3]. IMBL staff and expert users have been performing precise experiments aimed at quantitative characterization of the primary white/ pink X-ray beam, with particular emphasis placed on the...
Mr
Jamie Hicks
(Monash University)
26/11/2015, 13:30
Over the past couple of decades, Porous Coordination Polymers (PCPs) have been extensively studied due to their variety of applications including gas storage, small molecule separations and sensors. Furthermore, heterogeneous catalysis using PCP’s has recently become an area of considerable interest, as tuning the pore size can lead to selective catalysis in mixtures of reagents. However,...
Dr
Kane O'Donnell
(Curtin University)
26/11/2015, 13:30
Near-Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy is a powerful means of determining the orientation of molecular moieties with respect to a substrate. Still, interpretation is challenging in the case of small molecules on clean semiconductor surfaces. These surfaces are highly reactive and a typical molecule can adsorb in many ways. A classic example is benzonitrile on Si(001)...
Dr
Martin de Jonge
(Australian Synchrotron)
26/11/2015, 13:30
X-ray Fluorescence Microscopy uses a focussed beam and an energy resolving detector to map trace metals at exquisite sensitivity and resolution for a broad diversity of research programmes. Our possession of the Maia detector enables us to acquire high-sensitivity data at incredible pixel rates, and this in turn has enabled higher-dimensional techniques, such as fluorescence tomography, XANES...
Prof.
Elena P. Ivanova
(School of Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Vic, Australia, 3122), Mr
Miljan Stefanovic
(School of Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Vic, Australia, 3122), Dr
Vi Khanh Truong
(School of Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology)
26/11/2015, 13:30
The development of functional nanocoating is crucial in the manufacturing process, possessing the potential to increase both surface corrosion and deterioration resistance properties. In particular, silica nanoparticle (SiO2 NP) coatings have been widely used to increase corrosion-, wear- and tear-resistance. For instance, in industrial applications, steel surfaces are initially coated with...
Mr
Giang Tran
(La Trobe University)
26/11/2015, 13:30
**Abstract:**
Coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) is a powerful method whereby the transmission function of an object can be recovered using certain, typically, iterative algorithms. Recently, it has been shown that CDI not only works well with coherent illumination but also with partially coherent illumination. In this work, we use simulated results to demonstrate successful retrieval...
Ms
Viona Shlemoon Khames Yokhana
(La trobe university)
26/11/2015, 13:30
Image detection of an elemental interest in compound samples has a specific interest in many research applications. Pixirad is a new X-ray imaging system, based on chromatic photon counting technology. The detector has a capability to count x-ray photons transmitted through the object and produce an image corresponding to the chosen energy thresholds at one exposure. Combined with wide...
Mr
Hussain Bhukya
(1. IITB-Monash Research Academy, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India. 2. Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India. 3. Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia)
26/11/2015, 13:30
Metabolic pathways activated by small chemical signaling molecules in the soil-dwelling, filamentous Gram-positive bacterial genus *Streptomyces* regulate antibiotics production, morphogenesis and resistance mechanisms. These species produce a wide spectrum of biologically active secondary metabolites contributing to > 70% of the known naturally occurring antibiotics. Small diffusible...
Mr
Jason Brouwer
(Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research)
26/11/2015, 13:30
Apoptotic stimuli activate and oligomerise the pro-apoptotic proteins Bak and Bax resulting in mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilisation and subsequent cell death. Crystal structures by Czabotar et al. (2013) provided novel insights into BH3-only induced Bax activation and oligomerisation, namely the separation of the core and latch domains, followed by core domain dimerisation. Here we...
Mr
Pablo Mota Santiago
(Australian National University)
26/11/2015, 13:30
In this work we present direct evidence of ion track formation in 1-micron-thick silicon oxynitride films deposited by Plasma Enhanced CVD (PECVD) after irradiation with 185 MeV Au ions at different fluences. Silicon oxynitrides are gradient refractive index materials (GRIN), where its physical properties are linear combination of Si$_{3}$N$_{4}$ and SiO$_{2}$. The morphology of the ion tracks...
Mrs
Jessica Ventura
(Molecular Radiation Biology Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Australia)
26/11/2015, 13:30
Microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) is a novel, preclinical modality; with a unique ability to generate less radiation damage to neighbouring normal tissues, while providing efficient ablation to the tumour mass; compared to the conventionally used Broad Beam (BB) modality. A comprehensive investigation on the mechanisms and side effects of these modalities has currently not been established....
Ms
Nicola Scarlett
(CSIRO)
26/11/2015, 13:30
Additive manufacturing technologies are applicable to a wide range of materials (polymers, ceramics, metals) and provide unprecedented design freedom and rapid prototyping opportunities. Synchrotron X-ray tomography (SXRT) has been applied to the study of titanium parts fabricated by additive manufacturing (AM). The AM method employed here was the Arcam EBM® (electron beam melting) process...
Danielle Martin
(Australian Synchrotron)
26/11/2015, 13:30
The IR Microscopy (IRM) beamline at the Australian Synchrotron is used to generate detailed FTIR chemical maps of samples at diffraction-limited spatial resolutions, with high S/N ratios. Using a single element detector and confocal-like apertures to focus the beam at the sample surface, 2D maps at spatial resolutions between 3-5 microns can be measured. This is however time-consuming, with...
Ms
Lauren Macreadie
(Monash University)
26/11/2015, 13:30
Cadmium dithiocarbamate complexes, [Cd(S2CNR2)2], have found application as precursors for cadmium sulfide (CdS) thin film development and subsequent incorporation into photovoltaic devices. However, their dimeric nature limits their solubility in green, organic solvents commonly used in solution deposition routes to thin film formation.[1] To increase the solubility of [Cd(S2CNR2)2]...
Mr
David Mayevsky
(Monash University)
26/11/2015, 13:30
Some conducting polymer composites have shown counterintuitive increases in conductivity with increased quantities of incorporated non-conducting polymer (NCP). For example the conductivity of pEDOT, as a function of volume fraction of NCP, paradoxically increases for up to 70% volume fraction of PEG, however this is distinct to what is being observed for pEDOT:gelatin composites which...
Dr
Helen Brand
(Australian Synchrotron.)
26/11/2015, 13:30
Jarosites and related minerals are of great interest to a range of mineral processing and research applications. In some industrial settings jarosite formation is encouraged; for example to aid the removal of iron species from solutions in hydrometallurgical processes. There has been a recent resurgence in interest in jarosite minerals since their detection on Mars by the MER rover...
Mr
Muhammad Salman Maqbool
(La Trobe University)
26/11/2015, 13:30
The unique properties of nanodiamonds make them suitable for use in a wide range of different applications, including as biomarkers for cellular tracking in vivo at the molecular level. The sustained fluorescence of nanodiamonds containing nitrogen-vacancy (N-V) centres is related to their internal structure and strain state. Theoretical studies predict that the location of the N-V centre and...
Ms
Tingting SONG
(RMIT University)
26/11/2015, 13:30
Dealloying is used to fabricate nanoporous metals, and is a process where less noble components (e.g. Al) in the precursor (e.g. AlCu) are dissolved, leaving the nobler elements (e.g. Cu) to a nanoporous structure. Nanoporous Cu is desired in lithium-ion batteries as current collectors, which can provide large surface area for active materials. From the perspective of phase evolution, it was...
Dr
Peter Kappen
(Australian Synchrotron)
26/11/2015, 13:30
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted significant attention and in many cases they have been used as a single-function additive to modify a specific property of a material, such as the mechanical strength of a composite. It is interesting to extend those properties by coupling them with properties of other materials, thus generating systems that can serve more complex functions (e.g.,...
Dr
Anton Maksimenko
(Australian Synchrotron)
26/11/2015, 13:30
The Imaging and Medical Beamline (IMBL) of the Australian Synchrotron (AS) is now becoming one of the most advanced instruments of this type in the world. It is designed to provide a wide variety of imaging techniques including but not limited to the in-line and analyzed phase contrasts, monochromatic and pink beam imaging. Three beamline’s enclosures at various distances, when combined with...
Susan Cumberland
(Australian Synchrotron)
26/11/2015, 13:30
Uranium (U) is internationally important as a low carbon energy source, however, its extraction and radioactive waste legacies require continuing research into the factors controlling U mobility. Uranium mobility is strongly influenced by its oxidation state: U(VI) (e.g., U(VI)-carbonate) is more soluble than U(IV), which mineralises as coffinite [USiO4] or uraninite [UO2]. By identifying the...
Mrs
Priyanthi Hapugoda
(CSIRO)
26/11/2015, 13:30
Establishing health impacts of urban dust require quantitative particle size and composition information. For the coal industry, dust is a significant responsibility. Coal dust originates from mining, transportation and coal usage. Public concern is greatest where mines are in proximity to towns, rail corridors and ports. Although coal may only be one of the dust constituents, there is an...
Nigel Kirby
(Australian Synchrotron),
Stephen Mudie
(Australian Synchrotron),
Vesna Samardzic-Boban
(Australian Synchrotron)
26/11/2015, 13:30
Virtualisation technologies have been introduced to control systems at the Australian Synchrotron (AS) and results of recent virtualisation on a couple of beamlines are presented here.
Reasoning and motivation for having beamline Virtual IOCs (Input Output Controller’s) are: replacement of aging computers with physical ones is becoming expensive, desire for reduction of computing...
Dr
Jason Paxman
(Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC)
26/11/2015, 13:30
Autotransporter (AT) proteins are important virulence factors and constitute the largest family of secreted and outer membrane proteins in Gram-negative bacteria. Despite their importance in bacterial pathogenesis there are only 12 structures of AT α-domains in the PDB and their mechanisms of action are poorly understood. Most structurally determined AT α-domains were found to be built upon...
Dr
Tilo Soehnel
(The University of Auckland)
26/11/2015, 13:30
Layered oxide materials that combine unusual intermetallic architectures and transition metal oxides similar to naturally occurring mineral architectures are promising candidates for the study of strongly correlated-electron systems. One of the key benefits of systems that contain naturally occurring mineral structures is they provide a widely characterized platform to stabilize new...
Dr
David Aragao
(Australian Synchrotron), Dr
Lenneke Jong
(Australian Synchrotron)
26/11/2015, 13:30
The MX1 and MX2 beamlines at the Australian Synchrotron are single crystal diffraction beamlines, servicing the needs of protein and chemical crystallography communities. We have developed a web-based user interface for driving data collections, called YAIBEX (Yet Another Integrated Beamline Environment for Crystallography). This system is designed to replace the collect tab on the SSRL BluICE...
Prof.
Yoshinori Nishino
(Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University)
26/11/2015, 14:15
Coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) is a growing technique in photon science. In CDI, sample images are numerically reconstructed from the coherent diffraction data without the need for objective lenses. CDI is thus advantageous for X-rays, for which high-magnification objective lenses are difficult to fabricate. CDI has been demonstrated to be a powerful tool in visualizing cells and...
Prof.
Kevin Smith
(University of Auckland)
26/11/2015, 14:15
The metal-insulator transition (MIT) in VO2 is of both fundamental and technical interest, the former due to important questions about its origins, and the latter due to possible applications in electronic devices such as ultrafast optical switches and field effect transistors. In bulk VO2, a large structural distortion accompanies the conductivity transition from the metallic (rutile) to the...
Dr
Enzo Lombi
(University of South Australia)
26/11/2015, 14:15
The transformation of manufactured nanoparticles under natural conditions is a challenging area of research due to the environmental low concentrations that can be expected at present time. We have investigated the transformation of nanoparticles from consumer products and along the wastewater, biosolid soil pathway using a range of approaches. For instance, we developed and tested a nano in...
Ms
Rebecca Auchettl
(La Trobe University)
26/11/2015, 14:45
Saturn’s largest moon Titan has a chemically diverse atmosphere, an icy surface and is the only other planetary-body with comparable molecular complexity to Earth. Thus, analysis of Titan’s atmosphere can give new insight towards prebiotic Earth chemistry.
In Titan’s atmosphere, ongoing photolytic and radiolytic interactions with N2 and CH4 precursor molecules yield a suite of nitrile...
Dr
Vladimir Golovko
(University of Canterbury)
26/11/2015, 14:45
We are exploring the use of atomically-precise, chemically-synthesised metal clusters deposited on various forms of oxides with a view to understanding how and why they perform as catalysts and sensors.1, 2 Although measurement of their catalytic activity is important, it is vital to identify and understand the geometric and electronic structure of the active sites to make further gains in...
Dr
Sangsul Lee
(Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH)
26/11/2015, 14:45
The synchrotron-based hard X-ray nanotomography beamline, named X-ray Nano Imaging (XNI), has been established since 2011 at sector 7C of Pohang Light Source-II (PLS-II).
The XNI beamline was constructed primarily as a full-field X-ray microscopy for the inner structures study of biology and material science. Normal operation mode provides 46 nm resolution for still images and 100 nm...
Dr
Eliot Gann
(Australian Synchrotron)
26/11/2015, 15:05
We report the observation of an orthogonally realigned crystalline surface layer in a spin-coated conjugated polymer film as used in organic field-effect transistors. The ability of Grazing Incidence Wide Angle X-ray Scattering to provide some surface sensitivity of scattering features within thin films is known, but until now an unambiguous orthogonal stratified crystalline microstructure in...
Dr
Ellen Moon
(Southern Cross University)
26/11/2015, 15:05
Greigite (Fe3S4) is a ferrimagnetic iron sulfide mineral, containing both Fe(II) and Fe(III) centres. There is ongoing debate over the role of greigite in sedimentary settings, especially acid sulfate soils: its partially oxidised nature has traditionally been seen as indicative of a metastable intermediate in low temperature sulfide mineralization, however others have...
Dr
Christopher Miller
(University of New South Wales)
26/11/2015, 15:25
Iron dosing of membrane bioreactors (MBRs) is widely used as a means of meeting effluent phosphorus targets but there is limited understanding of the nature of iron and phosphorus-containing solids that are formed within the bioreactor (an important issue in view of the increasing interest in recovering phosphorus from wastewaters). Of particular challenge is the complexity of the MBR system...
Dr
Michael Jones
(Australian Synchrotron)
26/11/2015, 15:25
The XFM beamline at the Australian Synchrotron typically operates in the backscatter geometry using the Maia detector and fast scanning stages, allowing rapid and efficient collection of fluorescent X-ray photons. In most cases, the transmitted beam is collected by a photodiode to give at best a poor measure of the thickness of the specimen. However, the transmitted beam carries much more...
Dr
Tilo Soehnel
(The University of Auckland)
26/11/2015, 15:25
Mixed transition-metal oxide (MTMO) spinels including Mn and Zn-metal containing stannate phases have promising material properties and are known for the ability to tailor particular features for different uses. They are currently being explored as possible alternative substrates in many emerging high-tech applications such as electrode materials in lithium-ion batteries and as conducting...
Prof.
Brendan Kennedy
(The University of Sydney)
26/11/2015, 16:15
Innovation drives science, and synchrotrons are often a critical tool in this. Consequently many experiments done at synchrotrons are pioneering and/or unique. Despite the impression we may form when completing a Risk Assessment prior to an experiment, Synchrotrons are the antipathy of the nanny state. The Australian Synchrotron frequently allows experiments under extreme conditions with...
Mr
Gabriel Murphy
(University of Sydney)
27/11/2015, 09:00
Interest in nuclear power has recently increased as many argue it will play a pivotal role in the transition away from fossil fuel energy. However, little progress has been made regarding the understanding of the fundamental solid state chemistry of UO2 fuel matrices, the interaction they have with fission daughters such as Sr-90, and the solid-phases that form during operation of...
Jessica Hamilton
(Monash University)
27/11/2015, 09:10
Carbon mineralisation has been recognised as a safe and long-term means of trapping and storing CO2 within mineral structures. The stockpiles of reactive, finely pulverised mine tailings produced by ultramafic-hosted mines are ideal settings in which to observe and promote carbonation. This can be achieved by reaction of Mg-rich waste minerals with atmospheric or industrial...
Chris McNeill
(Monash University)
27/11/2015, 09:45
Conjugated polymers are an interesting class of material whose semiconducting properties enable application in light-emitting diodes, polymer solar cells and organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). The molecular packing and microstructure of conjugated polymer thin films strongly influences the function of such electronic devices. Due to the semicrystalline nature of conjugated polymers,...
Dr
Peter Czabotar
(Walter and Eliza Hall Institute)
27/11/2015, 11:00
Dr
Chan-Cuk Hwang
(Pohang Accelerator Laboratory)
27/11/2015, 11:00
Graphene has many intriguing characteristics in its electronic structure. Its conduction and valence bands meet at a Dirac point and the energy depends linearly on the wave vector near the K-points, similar to a relativistic particle. The massless Dirac fermions have also chirality, suppressing electron backscattering. However, real graphenes often show different electronic structures...
Daniel Hausermann
(Australian Synchrotron)
27/11/2015, 11:00
The Imaging and Medical Beamline (IMBL) opened for users in October 2012. In 2013 June 2015 was set as milestone for completing the Phase II research infrastructure funded by NHMRC. To achieve this we embarked on an ambitious design and implementation programme requiring 50% of the beamtime for development and commissioning, a considerable loss for our users. We however reached our objectives...
Tom Caradoc-Davies
(Australian Synchrotron.)
27/11/2015, 11:30
The development of X-ray Free-Electron Lasers (XFELs) has created a range of novel crystallography experiments such as the use of liquid-jet injectors. The use of goniometer-based FEL experiments(1) allows the direct comparison of diffraction from the same or similar crystals at both sources.
The diffraction of a set of crystals tested on the MX2 beamline at the Australian Synchrotron and the...
Prof.
Justin Wells
(Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU))
27/11/2015, 11:30
Chemotherapy treatment usually involves the delivery of fluorouracil (5-Fu) together with other drugs through central venous catheters. Catheters and their connectors are increasingly treated with silver or argentic alloys/compounds. Complications arising from broken catheters are common, leading to additional suffering for patients and increased medical costs. Here, we use synchrotron...
Anita Milroy
(Central Queensland University), Dr
Anton Maksimenko
(Australian Synchrotron)
27/11/2015, 11:30
A recent successful trial using the Imaging and Medical (IMBL) at the Melbourne Synchrotron has revealed the internal anatomy and morphology of rare, three-dimensionally preserved, 30 million year old silicified fruits from Capella, in Central Queensland. These IMBL scans are the first application of this technique to the study of this kind of material. Previous medical CT scanning did not...
Dr
Hans J. Mueller
(GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences)
27/11/2015, 11:50
The interpretation of highly resolved seismic data from Earth’s deep interior require measurements of the physical properties of Earth’s materials under experimental simulated Earth’s mantle conditions. More than a decade ago seismic tomography clearly showed subduction of crustal material can reach the core mantle boundary under specific circumstances. That means there is no longer space for...
Mr
Alex Schenk
(La Trobe University)
27/11/2015, 11:50
Over the past decade, the interest in diamond materials science, in particular diamond surface science, has grown dramatically. The interest in the surface comes about due to the wide range of properties which the surface can exhibit upon a simple change in the terminating species. The functionalised surfaces of diamond, in particular the oxygen and hydrogen terminations, have provided a route...
Mr
Lachlan Casey
(University of Queensland)
27/11/2015, 11:50
The recognition of fungal effectors by plant NOD-like receptors (NLRs) is an important step in defense. The coiled-coil (CC) domains of these proteins are known to be necessary and sufficient for response. Two structures have previously been solved, which show highly divergent conformations. The CC domain of the potato NLR, Rx, adopts a compact, monomeric four-helix bundle, while that of a...
Mr
Hud Wahab
(UNSW Canberra)
27/11/2015, 12:10
The application of graphene in device technologies will require that the electronic band-structure of different graphene materials is measured in detail and that graphene-substrate interactions are well understood. Both, the degree of sp2-hybridisation and the electronic band-structure can be directly probed with NEXAFS. Furthermore the technique enables detailed studies of structural changes...
Dr
Sofia Caria
(La Trobe University)
27/11/2015, 12:10
Apoptosis or programmed cell death is a crucial response to perturbations in physiological conditions, allowing an organism to determine if a given cell can be eliminated when unneeded, damaged or dangerous for the organism. In this mechanism the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein family plays an important role in regulating the homeostasis [1].
Sponges are the phylogenetically oldest...
Daniel Hausermann
27/11/2015, 12:45
This session will provide an update on activities and capabilities at IMBL. The session aims to provide users with the opportunity to discuss current and future needs with the beamline team.
Dr
Nigel Kirby
(Australian Synchrotron)
27/11/2015, 12:45
This session will provide an update on activities and capabilities at the SAXS/WAXS beamline. The session aims to provide users with the opportunity to discuss current and future needs with the beamline team.
Dr
Matthew Rowles
(Curtin University)
27/11/2015, 13:30
SFPQ is a protein that suppresses tumours in humans. Two samples were prepared from the same batch and frozen until just prior to measurement. Traditionally the investigation of protein solutions has been limited to synchrotron facilities, though more recently instruments making use of microfocus rotating anodes have allowed more measurements to be made in the laboratory. One sample was...
Mr
Darren Thompson
(CSIRO)
27/11/2015, 13:30
We present the results of our recent experiment at the Imaging and Medical beamline of the Australian synchrotron intended to contribute to the development and implementation of low-dose, high-sensitivity 3D mammographic phase-contrast imaging, initially at synchrotrons and subsequently in hospitals and medical imaging clinics. We have tested, quantified, evaluated and optimised the effect of...
Dr
Pinit Kidkhunthod
(Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organiztion))
27/11/2015, 13:30
Carbon/manganese ferrite (C/MnFe2O4) composite nanofibers were fabricated using electrospinning technique followed by carbonization process under mixed of air and argon atmosphere at 400, 600 and 800 ˚C, respectively. The prepared composite nanofibers were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating sample...
Daniel Eriksson
(Australian Synchrotron), Dr
David Aragao
(Australian Synchrotron),
Tom Caradoc-Davies
(Australian Synchrotron.)
27/11/2015, 13:30
MX2 is an in-vacuum undulator based crystallography beamline at the 3 GeV Australian Synchrotron. The beamline delivers hard x-rays in the energy range from 5.5 - 21 KeV to a focal spot at the sample position of ~15 microns FWHM. At 13 KeV the flux at the sample is typically 2.0 x 10^12 ph/sec. This beamline is ideal for weakly-diffracting, hard-to-crystallise proteins, viruses, protein...
Ms
Qudsia Arooj
(1Molecular Model Discovery Labortary, Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia.)
27/11/2015, 13:30
![Fig 1: The ZZX-OP dye derivatives with p-conjugated linkers and their simulated UV-Vis spectra][1]
Qudsia Arooj1, Feng Wang1*, Zonghao Liu2, Zhixin Zhao2, Yi-Bing Cheng3
The energy provided by the sun in one hour is larger than the energy consumption globally each year thus it has been a challenge to convert solar energy to electricity cost-effectively in organic dye sensitized solar...
Ms
Neha Malik
(Baker IDI, Heart and Diabetes Institute)
27/11/2015, 13:30
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes that transcriptionally alter the chromatin by removing an acetyl group from the ε-amino acid from the lysine residue on the core histone tails. This allows negatively charged DNA to wrap tightly around the histones. Mammalian HDAC classes I, II and IV are categorized as metal dependent enzymes and consist of HDACs 1-11. The deacetylation of histones is...
Mr
Andrew Gibson
(University of Newcastle)
27/11/2015, 13:30
Manganese oxides (MnO2, MnOOH) are promising materials for electrochemical capacitors due to their low cost and toxicity, coupled with their attractive energy storage properties, and are hence well represented in the literature [1]. Thin films of MnO2 prepared by electrodeposition are capable of achieving high values for gravimetric specific capacitance (>2000 F/g) [2]. Material activity, as...
Prof.
Young-Il Kim
(Yeungnam University)
27/11/2015, 13:30
Oxynitride-type complex perovskites, AM0.2Ta0.8O2.8N0.2 (A = Sr, Ba; M = Li, Na), were synthesized by the ammonolytic heating of a layered perovskite, A5Ta4O15, with 0.5M2CO3. A Rietveld refinement of the synchrotron X-ray and neutron powder diffraction patterns confirmed the complete structural transformation from a hexagonal layered-perovskite to a three-dimensional perovskite type, as well...
Mr
Matthew Cameron
(University of Wollongong)
27/11/2015, 13:30
Microbeam Radiation Therapy (MRT) is a promising radiotherapy modality that uses arrays of spatially fractionated micrometre sized beams of synchrotron radiation to irradiate tumours. A typical MRT radiation field consists of an array of microbeams, each with a FWHM of 50 µm and a pitch of 200 µm. The small field size and the steep dose gradient at the peaks poses a challenge for dosimetry due...
David Paterson
(Australian Synchrotron)
27/11/2015, 13:30
X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) can be used for elemental and chemical microanalysis across length scales ranging from millimeter to nanometer. XFM is ideally suited to quantitatively map trace elements within whole plant and other biological specimens, environmental and soil samples. The elemental sensitivity of the X-ray fluorescence probe provides valuable information in a diversity...
Dr
Tim Ryan
(Australian Synchrotron)
27/11/2015, 13:30
Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is an extremely useful tool for analysing protein structures that is becoming increasingly popular. SAXS displays a number of advantages over other techniques, but there are currently significant limitations, particularly in regards to the susceptibility of biomolecules to radiation damage and sample consumption that limit the utility of the technique to...
Mr
Murphy Gabriel
(University of Sydney)
27/11/2015, 13:30
The resurgence of interest that is currently enveloping the nuclear power industry has reinvigorated research attempts into optimising current UO2 based fuel. However, little progress has been made regarding the understanding of the solid state chemistry of UO2 fuels matrices, the interaction they have with fission daughters such as Sr-90/Cs-137 and the solid-phases that form during fission....
Mr
Seungnam Kim
(Pohang Accelerator Laboratory)
27/11/2015, 13:30
The PAL-XFEL project was launched construction at the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Korea in April 2011, with the planned user service of 2017. PAL-XFEL will provides FEL beams over the energy range of 250 eV to 20.4 keV using the fundamental, with the pulse energies of at ~1 mJ depending on the pulse duration and photon energy. We will present the current construction status of PAL-XFEL...
Dr
Anton Tadich
(Australian Synchrotron)
27/11/2015, 13:30
The stability of the surface of in-situ cleaved bulk black phosphorus single crystals upon exposure to atmosphere is investigated using high-resolution synchrotron x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. We demonstrate that after 2 days exposure to atmosphere a stable 0.35nm thick phosphorus oxide forms at the surface of the black phosphorus. Three types of local...
Mr
Daniel Jeremy Wilson
(The University of Auckland)
27/11/2015, 13:30
The large crystallographic and chemical diversity of copper-based metal oxides is one of their highlighting features and cause for pursuit into copper based material research. An interesting feature seen in copper based metal oxides is the coexistence of different copper oxidation states in different crystallographic positions. This can lead to a mixture of magnetically active Cu2+ and...
Mr
Bao Lin
(Deakin University)
27/11/2015, 13:30
The formation of nano-porous Au structures has potential for the design of advanced sensors, catalysts and bio-compatible separation media. Here, chemical de-alloying of Au-Ag50 alloy thin films were performed at different temperatures to alter the pore formation kinetics as well as the final morphology of the materials. Fractal dimensions at low q were significantly reduced with increasing...
Dr
Wanwisa Limphirat
(SLRI)
27/11/2015, 13:30
The correlation amongst the sulfur to reversion resistances of natural rubber (NR) compound was investigated using X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy. The NR samples were prepared which is varied accelerator DCBS and CBS ratio. It was found that the reversion of the NR compounds was not simply proportional to the increase of the sulfur to accelerator ratios no matter which accelerator was...
Mr
Phuc Dang
(La Trobe University)
27/11/2015, 13:30
The sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) is a target for the multiple sclerosis drug FTY720, a functional antagonist causing sequestration of autoreactive immune cells. Conventional approaches with the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model do not provide an overall index of drug efficacy, hence the use of FTIR microspectroscopy. Experimental groups included vehicle-only,...
Dr
Peng Wang
(The University of Queensland)
27/11/2015, 13:30
Silver nanoparticles (NPs) are used in more consumer products than any other nanomaterial and their release into the environment is unavoidable. Of primary concern is the wastewater stream in which they are transformed to silver sulfide NPs (Ag2S-NPs) before being applied to agricultural soils within biosolids. Once within the soil, it is likely that various soil properties (redox status, pH,...
Mr
Frank Gagliardi
(William Buckland Radiotherapy Centre)
27/11/2015, 13:30
Radiation therapy requires vigorous validation of the treatment planning system (TPS) before patient treatments can be accurately performed. Typically this is done by comparing dose calculations of the TPS with ionisation chamber or film measurements in various phantoms. Researchers from RMIT University and the Australian Synchrotron’s IMBL have developed a TPS based on the Eclipse TPS (Varian...
Prof.
Elena Ivanova
(Swinburne Univeristy of Technology), Dr
Vi Khanh Truong
(School of Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology), Ms
chris bhadra
(swinburne university of technology)
27/11/2015, 13:30
Electro-catalytic microorganisms are an essential component in bioelectro-catalytic systems such as microbial fuel cells. *Gluconobacter oxydans* has been widely used in such applications. In this study, we employed scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy and ultra-small angle neutron scattering to investigate the dynamic self-organisation of *G. oxydans* cells into a...
Dr
Vlad Marian
(Canberra France)
27/11/2015, 13:30
This paper describes a novel High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector, specifically designed to address the challenges of ultimate x-ray spectroscopy and imaging applications for synchrotrons.
It consists of a multichannel HPGe crystal (monolithic or individual elements) providing new and ultimate X-ray energy resolution level especially at high count rates (reaching 190eV at 6kev and 0.1µs...
Ms
Qamariya Nasrullah
(Monash University)
27/11/2015, 13:30
The reconstruction, visualisation and interpretation of anatomy during the development of an embryo present significant difficulties, particularly when dealing with complex 3D structures. Historically, 3D reconstruction of embryonic structures requires alignment of histological slices, a destructive technique with inherent distortion of morphology, or the use of size-limited techniques such as...
Mr
Lloyd Smyth
(University of Melbourne, Epworth HealthCare)
27/11/2015, 13:30
Background: Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG) is an aggressive and infiltrative tumour of the brain-stem and is amongst the most lethal brain tumours affecting children. Current treatment options are largely ineffective with less than 10% of DIPG patients surviving to 2 years. Synchrotron Microbeam Radiotherapy (MRT) is a promising pre-clinical therapy which could drastically improve the...
Daryl Howard
(Australian Synchrotron)
27/11/2015, 13:30
In the 19th century, photography rapidly advanced with the continuous development of light-sensitive chemical-based processes. As such, some photographic processes were in use for less than a decade before being rendered obsolete. Some of these historic processes are sensitive to image degradation, and many photographic images are considered lost due to severe fading.
We have...
Dr
Yu-Chun Chuang
(National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center)
27/11/2015, 13:30
The low emittance (1.6 nm·rad) synchrotron radiation ring, Taiwan Photon Source (TPS), has reached the design value of 3 GeV and delivered its first synchrotron light on the last day of 2014. In phase I, TPS comprises seven frontier beamlines, which will be constructed and completed commission before the end of 2015. At the excited moments, a dedicated high resolution powder X-ray diffraction...
Mr
George Goonan
(Monash University)
27/11/2015, 13:30
Previous research in the field of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) has highlighted the need for high spatio-temporal resolution [[1]] as well as a distinction between static and dynamic imaging optimization [2]. Traditional single-source imaging systems optimized for small spot sizes are constrained by physical limitations, such as maximum anode power density. By utilising multiple sources...
Dr
Qinfen Gu
(Australian Synchrotron)
27/11/2015, 13:30
Hydrogen has the potential to power much of the modern world with only water as a by-product, but storing hydrogen safely and efficiently in solid form such as magnesium hydride remains a major obstacle. Here we use in-situ synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction to investigate the mechanisms of the hydrogen absorption and desorption in bulk Mg-Ni alloys. Our study shows that the hydrogenation of...
Ms
Madeleine Dupont
(University of Newcastle)
27/11/2015, 13:30
Manganese dioxide has proven to be an excellent electrode material for electrochemical capacitors due to its high capacitance, low cost and low toxicity. In particular, thin film electrodes have been shown to exhibit extremely high capacitance values, which may be attributed to their low resistance and good electrolyte accessibility.
Anodic electrodeposition of manganese dioxide from an...
Mr
Patrick Capon
(The University of Adelaide)
27/11/2015, 13:30
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of porous materials that can be synthesised through judicious combination of metal salts and organic linkers. MOFs are constructed from a bottom up approach, where variation of the starting materials can yield a vast array of structures with varying pore sizes, shapes, and chemistry. The high versatility of MOFs makes them a highly desirable target...
Hyung-Been Kang
(The University of Auckland)
27/11/2015, 13:30
The phase transition of CuSb2O6 has been described previously as a transition from tetragonal trirutile to distorted monoclinic trirutile structure. Cu2+ as a d9 system forms the square lattice oxide layer, which leads to a second order phase transition (Jahn-Teller distortion) [1]. The systematic reduction in symmetry would require the existence of an orthorhombic modification between the two...
Dr
Martin de Jonge
(Australian Synchrotron)
27/11/2015, 13:30
X-ray Fluorescence Microscopy uses a focussed beam and an energy resolving detector to map trace metals at exquisite sensitivity and resolution for a broad diversity of research programmes. For the majority of investigations in the biological and environmental sciences, over 90% of the beam intensity goes straight through the specimen. At a minimum, this beam is detected and used to...
Ms
Katherine Ververis
(Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute)
27/11/2015, 13:30
Differentiation of embryonic rat ventricular H9c2 cardiomyoblasts to cardiac myocytes and skeletal muscle has been used widely as a cell culture model system since they were characterised by Kimes and Brandt. The differentiation process and characterisation was further optimised by Mernard. Cardiac myocytes derived from H9c2 myoblasts are widely utilised to investigate cardiac muscle biology...
Dr
Chris Glover
(Australian Synchrotron)
27/11/2015, 13:30
The Australian Synchrotron has one hard X-ray XAS beamline. This was constructed to service the majority of the local scientific community needs, which notably consists of a significant component of Bio-XAS and materials studies where the elements of interest are often very dilute (< 0.5 ppm). This is balanced with users with more typical experimental needs (eg several 0.1%’s concentration...
Dr
Yong Jun Park
(Pohang Accelerator Laboratory)
27/11/2015, 13:30
Real-time monitoring of the beam position during whole measurement at synchrotron radiation facility is extremely important, since it is essential to maintain the stability of the X-ray beam on the sample point. When a very fine collimator is used before sample, the stabilization of the beam position in front of the collimator, should result in stabilizing the incident beam. Thus, there are...
Prof.
Zaiping Guo
(University of Wollongong)
27/11/2015, 13:30
Li-ion batteries (LIBs) are the primary choice of power source for portable electronic devices, including mobile phones, laptops, as well as electric vehicles. The working principle of a LIB is to store electric energy in chemical form by using charge-balancing Li ions that reversibly insert into the electrodes. On the other hand, Na-ion batteries (NIBs) are also considered one of the best...
Dr
Jitraporn (Pimm) Vongsvivut
(Australian Synchrotron)
27/11/2015, 13:30
Conducting polymers (CPs) have emerged and been subject of an intense research for a new generation of electronic devices due to their high conductivity and a number of promising optical properties that come with their light-weight, high flexibility, and solution-processible properties, making them versatile for a diverse range of applications. In particular, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)...
Dr
Jaeyoon Baik
(Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, South Korea)
27/11/2015, 13:30
We investigate local phase transition of MoTe2 using scanning photoemission electron spectroscopy. In spite of many effort of realizing ohmic-contacted heterostuctures between 2-dimensional atomic materials, inherent limitation in the transfer method or chemical doping method, such as impurities, inhomogeneous junction and so on, has not allowed true ohmic contact due to a large interface...
Dr
Jing Song
(Sun Yat-sen University), Dr
Sam Yang
(CSIRO, Manufacturing Flagship)
27/11/2015, 13:30
Clayed soils have been widely used in engineering foundation treatment in the coastal field to solve the issues of creep problems, the deformation, and strength of drainage consolidation. The microstructure porosities and pore size distribution of the clayey soil in the Pearl River Delta were studied by techniques of SEM and pressure gradient method. The loading was investigated based on the...
Dr
Lars Thomsen
(Australian Synchrotron)
27/11/2015, 13:30
An analysis program for Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) spectra has been developed and implemented at the Soft X-ray beamline of the Australian Synchrotron. The program allows for rapid viewing of corrected data channels, including normalizations to a standard, double normalizations where the standard itself has an undesired spectral response, and background subtraction....
Ms
Hannah Coughlan
(La Trobe University)
27/11/2015, 13:30
For laboratory and synchrotron based X-ray sources, radiation damage has posed a significant barrier to obtaining high-resolution structural data from biological macromolecules. The problem is particularly acute for micron-sized crystals where the weaker signal often necessitates the use of higher intensity beams to obtain the relevant data. Here, we employ a combination of techniques,...
Ms
Stephanie Boer
(Monash University)
27/11/2015, 13:30
A series of quadruple-stranded Cu4L4 cages have been synthesised using ligands containing a biphenylsulfonediimide core substituted with two amino acid groups. Analogous chiral complexes (helicates) and achiral complexes (mesocates) can be formed by controlling or removing the stereocentres within the ligands.
Helicates, complexes which have supramolecular chirality generated by a helical...
Dr
Adrian Hawley
(Australian Synchrotron)
27/11/2015, 13:30
Milk is a critical source of nutrition in the diet of many people, especially for infants for whom milk is the complete diet the first months of life. Milk contains both water soluble and water insoluble components all of which are made bioavailable during digestion to provide everything needed for growth and development. Recent work at the Australian Synchrotron SAXS beamline reported the...
Dr
Jianrong Zeng
(Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences)
27/11/2015, 13:30
BL16B1 at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) is a dedicated small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) beamline in studying the micro structure and dynamic processes of polymers, nanomaterials, mesoporous materials, colloids, liquid crystals, metal materials, etc. Bending magnet is used as the photon source delivering X-rays of 5~20 keV. After a recent upgrade, the beam is focused to a...
Mr
Alexander Lunt
(Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford)
27/11/2015, 13:30
The development of micro- and nano-focusing optics is a key factor for the advancement of capabilities of modern synchrotron radiation beamlines. We present two newly developed micro-focusing optics systems recently commissioned at the B16 Test Beam Line at Diamond Light Source, UK: Compound Refractive Lenses (CRLs) and Kirkpatrick-Baez (KB) mirrors. These setups facilitate studies at the...
Ms
Darunee Sertphon
(School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia)
27/11/2015, 13:30
The new ligands imidazol-4-ylmethylene-aryl amine (4-imaAr; Ar = Bp, Fl) have been prepared by reaction of the aryl amine with imidazole-4-carboxaldehyde.[1,2] Reaction of the ligands with [Fe(H2O)6][ClO4]2 in MeOH or EtOH yields the complexes, [Fe(4-imaBp)3][ClO4]2⋅EtOH 1, [Fe(4-imaBp)3][ClO4]2⋅2MeOH 2, [Fe(4-imaFl)3][ClO4]2 3, and [Fe(4-imaFl)3][ClO4]2⋅3H2O 4. X-ray crystallographic studies...
Dr
Norwood Suzanne
(University of Queensland)
27/11/2015, 13:30
Retromer is a protein complex that plays a central role in endosomal traffficking. Recently, retromer dysfunction has been linked to several neurological disorders including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. The classical mammalian retromer complex consists of a heterotrimeric cargo recognition sub-complex (VPS26, VPS29 and VPS35) associated with a dimer of proteins from the SNX–BAR...
Dr
Benedicta Arhatari
(La Trobe University)
27/11/2015, 13:30
We studied Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMC) as a new class of structural materials that combine high strength at high temperatures with moderate toughness. Mapping the failure of CMC under mechanical load explains the mechanisms responsible for their toughness. In this study, the correlation of the x-ray radiographs of CMC samples to critical points in the load/displacement curve show that the...
Mr
Angus Cowan
(The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute)
27/11/2015, 13:30
The Bcl-2 protein family regulates the intrinsic apoptotic pathway and the critical step of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilisation (MOMP). MOMP results in the release of Cytochrome *c* and other molecules from the intermembrane space, leading to the formation of the apoptosome and caspase activation. Bax and Bak are structurally and functionally homologous pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins...
Dr
Richard Birkinshaw
(Walter and Eliza Hall Institute)
27/11/2015, 13:30
Emerging resistance to current therapeutics and the inadequacies of current treatments for human diseases have led to a strong demand for the development of novel therapeutics. Moraxella catarrhalis is a human mucosal pathogen frequently associated with opportunistic respiratory and middle ear infections. As with other gram-negative bacteria, it relies on the methylerythritol (MEP) pathway...
Mr
Ehsan Bahrami Motlagh
(Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University)
27/11/2015, 13:30
In this work, SAXS/WAXS and powder diffraction beamlines at the Australian synchrotron were employed to study the mechanical response of an Mg-Sn-Zn alloy. First, volume fraction and particle size of 〖Mg〗_2 Sn precipitates as a function of aging time (0h, 2h, 4h, 10h, 24h) at 〖200〗^oC was evaluated using small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS). Then the corresponding samples were deformed...
Dr
David Hoxley
(La Trobe University)
27/11/2015, 13:30
The Chief Scientist of Australia, amongst others, has observed that student engagement (and hence learning) in Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths (STEM) wanes despite the growing importance of a technologically literate population. It is widely held that disengagement flows from disconnection between students' experience in the classroom and science as professionally practised.
A...
Mrs
Ruchika Ojha
(student)
27/11/2015, 13:30
The investigation of the crystal packing of organoamidoplatinum(II) [Pt(p-YC6F4)NCH2CH2NR'2(py)X] (Y = H, F, Br; R'= Et or Me; X = Cl, Br, I) anticancer compounds show supramolecular interactions in the solid state which include intermolecular H bonding and π-π interactions.
The supramolecular interactions mainly depend on the nature of the alkyl groups (methyl/ethyl) present on the amine...
Dr
Tom Rich
(Museum Victoria)
27/11/2015, 13:30
Scanning of the small dinosaur Leaellynasaura amicagraphica at the Australian Synchrotron is making possible the eventual reconstruction of its entire skeleton. Embedded in extremely hard rock, its bones are simply too fragile to ever physically extract from rock. However, by making a 3D rapid prototype print of the scanned bones, it will be possible to reconstruct a skeletal mount for study...
Dr
Mark Boland
(Australian Synchrotron)
27/11/2015, 13:30
The Australian Synchrotron has been in operation for users since 2007 while the first electron beam was achieved ten years ago. This proposal is for an upgrade to the accelerator systems and improve the source for the next set of beamlines proposed in Science Case Two to keep the facility state-of-the-art for the decades to come. The concept is to replace the existing storage ring with a...
Dr
Qinfen Gu
(Australian Synchrotron)
27/11/2015, 13:30
Microalloying, in which the solidification structure is preferably and significantly modified by trace elements, is a key method for improving Pb-free interconnections in electronic devices. Microalloying Ni or Zn is expected to modify the Sn–0.7Cu alloy in different ways. This research examines the influences of minor/trace additions of Ni and Zn concurrently on the development of the...
Mrs
Clare Scott
(Australian Synchrotron)
27/11/2015, 13:30
Many users of the Australian Synchrotron will have samples requiring final preparation at the synchrotron prior to or during their beam-time. At the synchrotron there are several laboratories available to users in which to undertake this work. The labs are stocked with basic chemical and consumable supplies as well as general laboratory equipment such as balances, ovens, fridges and freezers....
Dr
Jeng-Lung Chen
(National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center)
27/11/2015, 13:30
The quick-scanning EXAFS beamline using bending magnet at Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) features a quick-scanning monochromator (Q-Mono) for time-resolved studies in series with a conventional double crystal monochromator (DCM). This beamline covers a wide energy range from 4.5 up to 34 keV. The quick-scanning capability allows the collection of a full spectrum in millisecond range. All installed...
Mr
Othman Al Bahri
(The University of New South Wales)
27/11/2015, 13:30
Thermal expansion has been associated with many factors limiting the functionality and lifetime of various devices. Zirconium Tungsten Oxide, ZrW2O8, is known for its isotropic Negative Thermal Expansion (NTE) from 0.3 to 1050 K. In this study we report a novel approach to controlling the thermal expansion of this material. Li- and Na-ion batteries were constructed with ZrW2O8 used as an anode...
Mr
Jason Wu
(Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia)
27/11/2015, 13:30
Plasmin (Plm) is the active form of the zymogen plasminogen (Plg), a serine protease which plays a key role in the fibrinolytic system and several other physiological activities. Physiologically, Plg/Plm activity is regulated by specific inhibitors and activators, making it an attractive therapeutic target for both traumatic bleeding and thrombotic diseases. Here we report the first crystal...
Dr
Chun-Hsiang Huang
(National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center)
27/11/2015, 13:30
The routine use of synchrotron radiation for single crystal diffraction study in the past decades has revolutionized macromolecular structural biology. However, crystals of important macromolecules, such as membrane proteins and viruses, are usually small in sizes and have poor diffraction quality. Advances in synchrotron radiation sources, detectors, and software are necessary to tackle these...
Dr
Andrew Martin
(ARC Centre for Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, School of Physics, University of Melbourne)
27/11/2015, 13:30
Fourier-transform holography is an established method of high-resolution coherent x-ray imaging, but is limited by the need to fabricate highly specific reference structures. Traditional reference structures must be coplanar with the sample, and are typically fabricated along with the sample. We have recently developed the technique of holography using an arbitrary customizable reference,...
Mr
Subhojyoti Chatterjee
(Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology and Molecular Model Discovery Laboratory, Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria, Australia.)
27/11/2015, 13:30
X-ray photoemission spectra (XPS), their nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and solvent effects of pyrimidine (1,3-diazine) and its other diazine structural isomers (1,2-diazine and 1,4-diazine) are studied using density function theory (DFT) based B3LYP/aug-ccVTZ quantum mechanical calculations, in order to reveal the structure and property information why only pyrimidine serves in...
Prof.
Christopher Thomas Chantler
(University of Melbourne)
27/11/2015, 13:30
Exciting fundamental problems and advanced applications have emerged in X-ray Spectroscopy. Accuracy of absorption coefficients to 0.02% have led to insights into atomic form factors[1], XAFS dynamical bonding[2], electron inelastic mean free paths[3] and nanoroughness[4], with technological offshoots into detector and synchrotron diagnostics. As a consequence, the accurate characterization of...
Mrs
Iman Jabaz
(Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University), Dr
Lian Zhang
(Deaprtment of Chemical Engineering, Monash University)
27/11/2015, 13:30
Oxy-fuel combustion is the burning of coal in the mixture of recirculated flue gas and high-purity oxygen, so as to reduce the carbon emission from coal-fired power plant. The fly ash - related fouling and corrosion are some of the most crucial issues encountered in this process. Understanding tube corrosion in this new combustion process is pivotal for a successful adoption of this technology...
Dr
Nirawat Thammajak
(Synchrotron Light Research Institute (SLRI), Thailand)
27/11/2015, 13:30
X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) can be used to study oxidation state of dilute system such as transition-metal defect in solid-state samples. In blue sapphire, Fe and Ti are key elements that caused the blue colour. Inter-valence charge transfer (IVCT) between Fe2+ and Ti4+ has been proposed to describe the optical colour's origin. However, existence of the divalent iron...
Dr
Patrick Kluth
(Australian National University)
27/11/2015, 14:15
Ion tracks are narrow trails of permanent damage generated along the paths of highly energetic heavy ions. These tracks are generally between 5-10 nm in diameter and can be tens of micrometers long. They have applications in many disciplines including materials science and engineering, nuclear physics, geochronology, archaeology, and interplanetary science.
If generated in an accelerator,...
Dr
Jason Price
(Australian Synchrotron)
27/11/2015, 14:15
The single crystal diffraction beamlines, Macromolecular Crystallography 1 and 2 (MX1 and MX2) serve a wide range of experimental conditions and sample types. While the bulk of the beamtime is allocated to the structural biology community there is a very active and successful chemical crystallography community that gains substantial befit from the use of synchrotron radiation. I will highlight...
Prof.
Shin-ichi Adachi
(Photon Factory, IMSS, KEK)
27/11/2015, 14:15
Bond formation is an essential process in chemical reactions, but it is challenging to keep track of detailed atomic movements associated with bond formation because of its bimolecular nature. Bond formation in solution phase has been especially elusive because it is difficult to initiate and follow such diffusion-limited bimolecular processes with ultrafast time resolution. In this regard, a...
Ruth Plathe
(Australian Synchrotron)
27/11/2015, 14:35
Laser photolysis is a new capability that is presently being added to the THz/Far-IR beamline. This technique will allow our users to perform pioneering spectroscopic studies at ultra-high spectral resolution on gaseous molecules of astrophysical interest; it will also enable our users to study photochemical changes in condensed-phase, solid and biological systems after or during laser...
Dr
Ching-Shun Ku
(National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center)
27/11/2015, 14:45
This beamline is one of the phase-I projects for Taiwan Photon Source (TPS). Construction of the beamline will complete before July 2015 and commissioning for optics and end-station will follow. The beamline is dedicated to white/mono-beam Laue diffraction for structural analysis. For instance, users could obtain the 2D and 3D distribution of phases, orientation, residual strain, stress, and...
Dr
Bridget Ingham
(Callaghan Innovation)
27/11/2015, 14:45
The corrosion of steel in aqueous saturated CO2 environments is a major industrial problem. Under certain conditions a highly protective scale of siderite (FeCO3) is formed; however, there is little information available regarding the initial nucleation processes. In recent years we have performed a number of in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction studies using electrochemistry to accelerate...
Dr
Justin Kimpton
(Australian Synchrotron)
27/11/2015, 14:55
The Powder Diffraction (PD) beamline at the Australian Synchrotron has successfully operated its User Programme since 2007 enabling many research teams to produce world-class outcomes. The rapid data collection capabilities coupled with the wide array of sample stages and environments permit an expansive range of *in situ* powder diffraction experiments. This presentation describes recent...
21.
Technique for the Identification of Phases and Phase Transformations in In Situ Diffraction Data
Dr
Matthew Rowles
(Curtin University)
27/11/2015, 15:05
*In situ* X-ray diffraction is a common technique for observing and determining structural transitions in crystalline materials with changes in temperature, pH, pressure, or some other driving force. In the analysis of metal hydride systems, there can be structural transitions composed of multiple phases forming and decomposing simultaneously. These patterns are often overshadowed by high...
Prof.
Stuart Batten
(Monash University)
27/11/2015, 15:25
We have been investigating the use of alkyl amine ligands in the synthesis of porous coordination polymers. The amine groups form part of the ligand backbones, and are designed to improve the selectivity of carbon dioxide capture over other gases. More than 50 new ligands have been made, and more than a dozen porous frameworks identified and tested. The ligands investigated fall into three...
Prof.
Jennifer Martin
(University of Queensland)
27/11/2015, 16:15
Membrane fusion is a fundamentally important process required for transport of cellular cargo. It is essential - for example - in neurotransmission and blood glucose control.
The 2013 Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology was awarded to Rothman, Schekman and Südhof for their discovery of the molecular machinery supporting SNARE-mediated membrane fusion. This machinery is conserved from...