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SUMMARY:Iron and phosphorus speciation in Fe-conditioned membrane bioreact
or activated sludge
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T042500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T044500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-322@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Christopher Miller (University of New South Wales)\n
Iron dosing of membrane bioreactors (MBRs) is widely used as a means of me
eting effluent phosphorus targets but there is limited understanding of th
e nature of iron and phosphorus-containing solids that are formed within t
he bioreactor (an important issue in view of the increasing interest in re
covering phosphorus from wastewaters). Of particular challenge is the comp
lexity of the MBR system and the variety of reactions that can occur on ad
dition of iron salts to a membrane bioreactor. In this study\, the perform
ances of pilot scale MBRs with dosing of ferrous salts were monitored for
a period of seven months. The distributions of Fe and P-species in the Fe-
conditioned sludges were determined using X-ray absorption spectroscopy at
the Fe K-edge and the P K-edge. Regardless of whether iron was dosed to t
he anoxic or membrane chambers\, iron present in the sludges was consisten
tly in the +III oxidation state. Fitting of the Fe K-edge EXAFS spectra sh
owed that an Fe(III)-phosphate species was the main Fe species present in
both cases with the remaining fraction dominated by lepidocrocite (γ-FeOO
H) and ferrihydrite (am-FeOOH). P speciation revealed by the P K-edge XANE
S spectra suggested that both co-precipitation (present as strengite or an
amorphous ferric hydroxyl phosphate analogue of strengite) and adsorption
of phosphorus by iron oxyhydroxide mineral phase contribute to removal of
phosphorus from the MBR supernatant. Organic P was also an important comp
onent of the residual P pool in the sludges\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotro
n.org.au/event/12/contributions/322/
LOCATION: Conference Rooms
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/322/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Tomography at the Australian Synchrotron XFM beamline
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151125T030000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151125T033000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-321@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Gary Ruben (CSIRO\, Australian Synchrotron)\nThe X-r
ay Fluorescence Microscopy (XFM) beamline at the Australian Synchrotron is
host to the Maia x-ray fluorescence detector\, developed by CSIRO and BNL
[1]. The Maia's large collection area and optimised photon event processi
ng combine to achieve high sensitivity and photon count rates\, enabling r
apid\, microscale mapping of trace metals in a variety of specimen types f
rom biological to mineralogical [2].\n\nHigh pixel rates can be used to me
asure large specimens at high definition or to exploit extra information u
sing multi-scan techniques such as X-ray Fluorescence Computed Tomography
(XFCT)\, resulting in elemental maps of 2d slices and / or 3d volumes. Re
cent upgrades to the Maia detector and scanning stages have led to dramati
c improvement of beamline capability. Here we report on recent upgrades t
o the beamline\, and outline a workflow that will enable rapid processing
of elemental-specific tomographic data. We describe some of the benefits
and disadvantages of measuring hydrated vs freeze-dried specimens.\n\nA pe
rsistent desire to map low-Z elements (e.g.\, P & S\, but also K & Ca) in
larger specimens leads to the issue of self absorption [3]. We discuss lo
cal progress towards developing self-absorption corrections and their incl
usion in the anticipated data pipeline.\n\n[1] R Kirkham et al. AIP Conf.
Proc. 1234\, 240 (2010) \n[2] CG Ryan et al.\, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 499\,
012002 (2014) \n[3] MD de Jonge\, S Vogt\, Curr. Op. in Struct. Biol. 20
/5\, 606 (2010)\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributi
ons/321/
LOCATION: Conference Rooms
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/321/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Dose Distributions and Treatment Planning System Verification of S
ynchrotron Beams on the IMBL
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-320@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Frank Gagliardi (William Buckland Radiotherapy Centr
e)\nRadiation therapy requires vigorous validation of the treatment planni
ng system (TPS) before patient treatments can be accurately performed. Typ
ically this is done by comparing dose calculations of the TPS with ionisat
ion chamber or film measurements in various phantoms. Researchers from RMI
T University and the Australian Synchrotron’s IMBL have developed a TPS
based on the Eclipse TPS (Varian Medical Systems of Palo Alto\, California
\, USA). The Eclipse algorithms which calculate the dose distributions fo
r megavoltage (MV) radiation therapy have been substituted for Monte Carlo
algorithms that model the dose distribution generated by the kilovoltage
(kV) synchrotron beams on the IMBL.\nThe major difficulty in validating th
e dose distributions calculated with the new TPS is the dynamical nature o
f the IMBL treatments. Only a single ionisation chamber measurement or a 2
D representation with film may be performed at a time. \nDosimetric proper
ties of synchrotron beams on the IMBL have been measured in 3D with water
equivalent radiosensitive dosimeters and optical CT scanning. The results
have been compared with ion chamber measurements performed on the IMBL and
calculations with the new TPS.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/eve
nt/12/contributions/320/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/320/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Towards Iron-Carbon Multi-Functional Nanomaterials
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-319@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Peter Kappen (Australian Synchrotron)\nCarbon nanotu
bes (CNTs) have attracted significant attention and in many cases they hav
e been used as a single-function additive to modify a specific property of
a material\, such as the mechanical strength of a composite. It is intere
sting to extend those properties by coupling them with properties of other
materials\, thus generating systems that can serve more complex functions
(e.g.\, magnetic or metallic functions coupled with strength).\n\nWe repo
rt here on progress in a research activity directed at generating multi-fu
nctional materials based on CNTs and iron. The activity is focussed on con
trolling the production of the iron-carbon nanomaterials and is influenced
by practical aspects of the production processes. \n\nTowards multi-funct
ional materials\, we explore the synthesis of iron-containing multi-walled
CNTs using chemical vapour deposition\, where XAS data show the presence
of metallic Fe phases under certain deposition conditions. Long-term stora
ge and implications for the shelf-life of metallic iron inside CNTs will b
e discussed. Taking into account practical considerations\, such as proces
s scalability and energy efficiency\, the deposition of magnetic Fe nanopa
rticles on oxygen functionalised multi-walled CNTs will be explored. Resul
ts from XAS\, XPS and SEM show that short deposition times lead to thin\,
discontinuous iron films with a high proportion of Fe(II/III). As the depo
sition time increases\, so do film thickness and Fe(0) content. Furthermor
e\, magnetic measurements show a reduction in coercivity with increased de
position time\, however\, not to the extent expected for bulk metallic Fe.
\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/319/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/319/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Growth of catalytic Au nanoparticles upon electrochemical ageing
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-318@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Bernt Johannessen (Australian Synchrotron)\nAu nanop
articles\, potential catalysts in fuel cells\, were produced following a p
ublished chemical method. As-made nanoparticles were then adsorbed to carb
on black supports and an electrochemical ageing sequence was applied. Of i
nterest to this study was to observe and quantify the long term stability
of Au nanoparticles upon ageing and as a function of nanoparticle size. To
this end X-ray absorption spectroscopy and complementary methods were app
lied. Interestingly\, it was found that small (2.4 and 3.1 nm diameter) na
noparticles grew in size as a result of the ageing process\, whilst larger
(4.6 nm) nanoparticles did not grow appreciably. Our results have implica
tion on the suitability of Au nanoparticles as commercially viable catalyt
ic material.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions
/318/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/318/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Analysis of Manganese Dioxide Electrochemical Capacitors using Syn
chrotron Methods: Determining the Effects of Material Properties on Electr
ochemical Performance
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151125T035000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151125T041000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-317@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Madeleine Dupont (University of Newcastle)\nEnergy s
torage devices are an increasingly important technology due to the growing
demand for energy. This demand\, combined with the depletion of non-renew
able resources\, has increased the need for renewable energy and energy-sa
ving technologies. These systems rely heavily on energy storage. Renewable
energy sources\, including wind and solar power\, require storage to miti
gate the effects of a fluctuating energy supply and energy storage devices
can increase energy efficiency in many applications. \n\nElectrochemical
capacitors (ECs) are a promising energy storage device due to their good p
erformance\, safety and reliability. ECs store charge in the electrical do
uble layer formed at the interface between an electrolyte and a polarized
electrode. In manganese dioxide electrodes\, fast\, reversible redox react
ions also take place which contribute to its high capacitance. \n\nThe cha
rge storage capabilities of manganese dioxide are influenced by material p
roperties including crystal structure\, pore size distribution\, surface a
rea and morphology [1\, 2]. Improving electrode performance relies on unde
rstanding the effects of material properties on performance. In this work\
, we focus on characterising manganese dioxide in both the material synthe
sis stage and during electrode cycling using SAXS and powder diffraction.
By determining the effects of the synthesis conditions on material propert
ies\, and furthermore\, the effects of material properties on performance\
, we aim to optimise the performance of these devices. \n\n1. M. Dupont
\, A. F. Hollenkamp and S. W. Donne\, Electrochimica Acta\, 104 (2013) 140
-147\n2. M. F. Dupont and S. W. Donne\, Journal of The Electrochemical
Society\, 162 (2015) A5096-A5105\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/ev
ent/12/contributions/317/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/317/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Mid-infrared and far-infrared synchrotron sourced spectroscopy of
Titan’s cyanide haze
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T034500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T040500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-316@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Rebecca Auchettl (La Trobe University)\nSaturn’s l
argest moon Titan has a chemically diverse atmosphere\, an icy surface and
is the only other planetary-body with comparable molecular complexity to
Earth. Thus\, analysis of Titan’s atmosphere can give new insight toward
s prebiotic Earth chemistry. \nIn Titan’s atmosphere\, ongoing photolyti
c and radiolytic interactions with N2 and CH4 precursor molecules yield a
suite of nitrile species. Polymeric nitriles (tholins) condense and form s
uspended aerosols which contribute to the distinctive orange haze of Titan
’s atmosphere. These unidentified species are seasonally reactive as see
n via suspected aerosol far-infrared absorption bands at 220cm-1. However\
, to complicate assigning these features\, there have been no infrared ana
lyses on the morphology of nitrile aerosols under Titan conditions. Resear
chers have also not yet determined the importance of temperature\, pressur
e and particle size on the spectra of pure nitrile aerosols over IR wavele
ngths. Yet without such an understanding\, the fundamental morphology of n
itrile aerosols will remain unresolved and the unidentified emission featu
res of Titan’s stratosphere cannot be identified. In this talk we presen
t mid-infrared and far-infrared studies of select nitrile aerosols under c
onditions replicating the Titan atmosphere. The laboratory study was compl
eted at the Australian Synchrotron Terahertz/Far-Infrared beamline using a
specialised enclosive flow cooling cell to generate nitrile aerosols. Our
research provides the astrochemistry community complete infrared signatur
es of pure nitrile aerosols in mid-infrared and far-infrared over a range
of astrochemical conditions.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/
12/contributions/316/
LOCATION: Conference Rooms
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/316/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Formation and characterisation of a silicon terminated (100) diamo
nd surface
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T005000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T011000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-315@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Alex Schenk (La Trobe University)\nOver the past dec
ade\, the interest in diamond materials science\, in particular diamond su
rface science\, has grown dramatically. The interest in the surface comes
about due to the wide range of properties which the surface can exhibit up
on a simple change in the terminating species. The functionalised surfaces
of diamond\, in particular the oxygen and hydrogen terminations\, have pr
ovided a route to the realisation of a number of device applications for h
igh power\, high frequency components and for biosensing. \n\nA newly emer
ging generation of diamond device architectures incorporate nitrogen vacan
cy (NV) centers\, which in bulk diamond show properties which are of inter
est for nano-magnetometry\, quantum information processing and as biologic
al tracers. However\, the development of future devices permitting the det
ection of single electron spin requires that a NV center be placed within
nanometers of the surface. This environment has undesirable effects on the
paramagnetic NV- state\, as existing surface terminations either quench t
he fluorescence of the NV center by interfering with the NV- state\, or pr
oduce randomly oriented surface spins which limit the sensitivity of the N
V—state. There is therefore a need for an alternative surface terminatio
n which will address these limitations. Presented here are the results of
a series of synchrotron experiments in which a novel silicon terminated (1
00) diamond surface has been developed\, which has some potential as a sui
table termination for shallow NV center applications.\n\nhttps://events01.
synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/315/
LOCATION: Conference Rooms
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/315/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Characterization of a novel 3D silicon strip detector for Microbea
m Radiation Therapy (MRT) quality assurance
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-314@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Matthew Cameron (University of Wollongong)\nMicrobea
m Radiation Therapy (MRT) is a promising radiotherapy modality that uses a
rrays of spatially fractionated micrometre sized beams of synchrotron radi
ation to irradiate tumours. A typical MRT radiation field consists of an a
rray of microbeams\, each with a FWHM of 50 µm and a pitch of 200 µm. Th
e small field size and the steep dose gradient at the peaks poses a challe
nge for dosimetry due to the required spatial resolution of 1 micrometer.
Use of silicon detectors in an edge-on configuration has been investigated
as a way to increase spatial resolution [1] but this introduces a non-wat
er equivalent response due to interactions in the silicon surrounding the
sensitive volume. The Centre for Medical Radiation Physics (CMRP)\, Univer
sity of Wollongong (UOW)\, and collaborators have produced two configurati
ons of novel silicon single strip detector (SSD) aiming to improve tissue
equivalency of the detector. It has been achieved by fabrication the 3D ME
SA sensitive volume of SSD erected on top of SiO2 by etching away silicon
surrounding the sensitive volume. Detector Topology was examined using a s
canning electron microscope at the Australian Institute of Innovative Mate
rials (AIIM). Electrical characterization of the detector was accomplished
using I-V and C-V measurements. Preirradiation to stabilize radiation res
ponse of the 3D SSD followed by acquisition of microbeam dose profiles wer
e performed at the Autralian Synchrotron’s Imaging and Medical Beamline
(IMBL) using CMRP’s X-Tream dosimetry system [2]. Electrical characteris
tics\, topology\, and microbeam dose profiles will be presented in this po
ster.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/314/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/314/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Why only pyrimidine serves in DNA amongst its diazine isomers?
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-313@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Subhojyoti Chatterjee (Faculty of Science\, Engineer
ing and Technology and Molecular Model Discovery Laboratory\, Swinburne Un
iversity of Technology\, Victoria\, Australia.)\nX-ray photoemission spect
ra (XPS)\, their nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and solvent effe
cts of pyrimidine (1\,3-diazine) and its other diazine structural isomers
(1\,2-diazine and 1\,4-diazine) are studied using density function theory
(DFT) based B3LYP/aug-ccVTZ quantum mechanical calculations\, in order to
reveal the structure and property information why only pyrimidine serves
in DNA\, i.e.\, cytosine (C)\, thymine (T) and uracil (U) are pyrimidine d
erivatives\, amongst its diazine isomers (Pyridazine (1\,2-)\, Pyrazine (1
\,4-)). To further elucidate the effects of the structural and the propert
ies differences when interaction with environment\, the present work also
studies the effect of the solvents (i.e. carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and w
ater (H2O)) on the structure and vibrational spectra of the diazine isomer
s along. The preliminary results indicate that the C1s and N1s spectra of
the diazine isomers indeed show apparent differences reflecting their nitr
ogen positions in the ring\, which agrees with the calculated molecular el
ectrostatic potentials (MEPs) and NMR chemical shift. Significant blue shi
fts of the vibrational spectra of the tautomers were observed in the vibra
tions of C-H bonds due to structures of the N-positions. Finally\, the che
mical graph LU decomposition matrix from graph theory also indicates that
the connection of pyrimidine is quite different from its diazine isomers.\
n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/313/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/313/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Ferrocene conformers: where DFT calculations meet measurements
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T025000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-310@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Feng Wang (Swinburne University of Technology)\nAs t
he most important organometallic sandwich compound in chemistry\, ferrocen
e (Fc\, Fe(C5H5)2) can also serve in hydrogenanses as metal catalysis in t
he interaction with enzyme. As a result\, understanding the structural and
functional details of the active site of hydrogenases through X-ray cryst
allography\, spectroscopic and computational methods\, has been the bottle
neck of biomimetic and bioinspired catalysts in chemistry. However\, it is
important to obtain a good understanding of Fc structure as since its dis
covery\, the heated debate whether the eclipsed (e-Fc) or the staggered (s
-Fc) is the most stable structure of Fc continues. The fact that electroni
c structures and many properties of the Fc conformers are strikingly simil
ar has been a key hurdle to differentiate or separate the configurations f
rom one another\, until our recently study which discovered theoretically
using DFT calculations that the 400-500 cm-1 region of the infrared (IR) s
pectra of Fc [1] exhibits the fingerprint conformers\, which is seen in an
earlier IR experiment of Fc. Such the discovery was later confirmed by IR
experimental measurements in a number of solutions. In this presentation\
, we discuss the design and conduction of a series of new high-resolution
IR experiments in the gas-phase and solid phase under various temperatures
at the Far-IR beamline of the Australian Synchrotron to study the IR for
Fc and deuterated Fc-d10. Preliminary results and analysis will be present
ed at this meeting.\n\n1. Mohammadi\, N.et al\, J. Organomet. Chem.\, 213(
2012)51-59.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/
310/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/310/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Mechanical Rubbing Changes the Molecular Packing and Orientation o
f a Conjugated Semiconducting Polymer
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-309@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Masrur Morshed Nahid (Monash University)\nIn making
organic electronics a reality\, donor-acceptor based conjugated semiconduc
ting polymers are playing pivotal role. However\, the molecular packing\,
crystallinity and the disorder of the polymer matrix in the thin-films typ
ically result in low charge transport mobilities. To this end\, mechanical
rubbing with velvet cloths is used to mediate the chain assembly and dire
ctional alignment of the polymer\, poly[4-(4\,4-dihexadecyl-4H-cyclopenta[
1\,2-b:5\,4-b’]-dithiophen-2-yl)-[1\,2\,5]-thiadiazolo-[3\,4-c]-pyridine
]\, (**PCDTPT**). Intrinsic mobility and the charge transport properties o
f the PCDTPT thin-films are characterized by Organic Field Effect Transist
ors (**OFETs**)\, molecular packing and relative crystallinity are probed
by the Grazing Incidence Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering (**GIWAXS**) and the
surface molecular orientations are probed by the Near Edge X-ray Absorptio
n Fine Structure (**NEXAFS**) spectroscopy. Top-Gated OFET mobility of the
spin-coated films is found very high\, ~ 2.8 ± 0.2 cm2/VS. GIWAXS reveal
s that mechanical rubbing introduces a face-on orientation of the crystall
ites\, a stark contrast to the spin-coated films with edge-on orientation.
In both the samples\, the pi-pi stacking distance is 0.355 ± 0.005 nm an
d the alkyl-chain stacking distance is 2.50 ± 0.05 nm. Likewise\, C- and
N-edge NEXAFS experiments confirm that the crystallites at the top-surface
s of the rubbed-films are indeed packed in a face-on fashion\, but they ad
apt an edge-on orientation in the spin-coated films.\n\nhttps://events01.s
ynchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/309/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/309/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:XFM mapping of elemental distributions in brain stem sections from
multiple sclerosis patients using the BioMaia detector
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151125T000000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151125T003000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-308@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Rachel Mak (University of Sydney)\nLocus ceruleus (L
C) neurons supply central nervous system cells with noradrenaline\, and da
mage to the LC has been found in multiple sclerosis (MS) and in neurodegen
erative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. LC neurons selectively acc
umulate heavy metal toxicants\, which could play an important role in the
pathogenesis of these diseases. Histochemical studies of brain tissue from
MS patients suggest Hg as a potential toxin in the LC\, but there may be
other metal toxicants present in the LC that cannot be detected histochemi
cally. We therefore used the X-ray Fluorescence Microscopy (XFM) Beamline
at the Australian Synchrotron to image the LC in cryo-fixed brain stem sec
tions of MS patients. The 384-element BioMaia detector provided the eleme
ntal sensitivity required to map the metal toxicants of interest (such as
Hg\, Pb\, and Cr)\, as well as lighter elements such as S and Se\, whose c
o-localization with the heavy metals can provide further evidence for the
physiological effects of these metals. The spatial resolution of BioMaia (
smaller than 1 um) is also important in identifying toxicants in glial cel
ls (such as oligodendrocytes\, average diameter 10 um)\, which are smaller
than the LC neurons (average diameter 40 um). We show that in MS (1) a n
umber of different metal toxicants can be found in LC neurons\, and (2) gl
ial cells may also contain metal toxicants.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotro
n.org.au/event/12/contributions/308/
LOCATION: NCSS Seminar Room
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/308/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Structural Insights into Bak Activation and Oligomerisation
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-307@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jason Brouwer (Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Me
dical Research)\nApoptotic stimuli activate and oligomerise the pro-apopto
tic proteins Bak and Bax resulting in mitochondrial outer membrane permeab
ilisation and subsequent cell death. Crystal structures by Czabotar et al.
(2013) provided novel insights into BH3-only induced Bax activation and o
ligomerisation\, namely the separation of the core and latch domains\, fol
lowed by core domain dimerisation. Here we provide complementary studies o
n the related protein Bak. We present the crystal structures of Bak core-l
atch domain swapped dimers and demonstrate their dissociation upon Bak act
ivation. A second crystal structure of the Bak core domain provides the fi
rst high-resolution details for this key dimerisation unit upon which the
larger Bak oligomer builds. Cellular assays\, guided by the presented crys
tal structures\, confirm the physiological relevance of these key events i
n the intrinsic apoptotic pathway (Brouwer et al. 2014). These studies con
firmed an analogous mechanism for activation and dimerisation of Bak and B
ax in response to BH3-only peptides. More recently we have performed struc
tural studies on the direct interaction of BH3 only peptides with Bak. We
have gained insight into the differences between interactions of BH3 only
proteins with Bak compared to the pro-survival proteins\; these findings m
ay inform the design of novel therapeutics to manipulate cell death.\n\nht
tps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/307/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/307/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Synchrotron XPS\, EXAFS and IR studies of atomically precise chemi
cally made clusters
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T034500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T040500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-306@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Vladimir Golovko (University of Canterbury)\nWe are
exploring the use of atomically-precise\, chemically-synthesised metal clu
sters deposited on various forms of oxides with a view to understanding ho
w and why they perform as catalysts and sensors.1\, 2 Although measurement
of their catalytic activity is important\, it is vital to identify and un
derstand the geometric and electronic structure of the active sites to mak
e further gains in photocatalytic efficiency and efficacy. Consequently\,
theoretical modelling on atomically precise co-catalysts can provide under
standing to interpret and explain experimental analysis and observation. \
n\nResults of recent synchrotron XPS/EXAFS studies of pure and supported c
lusters and colloids reveal their unique electronic properties and highlig
ht the importance of support chemistry in controlling aggregation of clust
ers.3\, 4 We applied density functional theory to model a wide range of cl
usters in order to assign core and core-ligand vibrations in experimentall
y obtained spectra for the first time.5\,6\n\n\n1. R. H. Adnan et al.\, Ca
talysis Science & Technology\, 2015\, 5\, 1323-1333.\n2. M. Z. Ahmad et al
.\, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy\, 2013\, 38\, 12865-12877.\n3
. D. P. Anderson et al.\, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics\, 2013\, 15\
, 14806-14813.\n4. D. P. Anderson et al.\, Physical Chemistry Chemical Phy
sics\, 2013\, 15\, 3917-3929.\n5. J. F. Alvino et al.\, RSC Advances\, 201
3\, 3\, 22140-22149.\n6. T. Bennett et al.\, Inorganic Chemistry\, 2014\,
53\, 4340-4349.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributi
ons/306/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/306/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Synchroton Broad Beam and MRT radiation induces DNA damage in norm
al mouse tissues distant from the irradiated volume
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-305@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jessica Ventura (Molecular Radiation Biology Laborat
ory\, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre\, Melbourne\, Australia\; Royal Women'
s Hospital\, Parkville\, Australia)\nMicrobeam radiation therapy (MRT) is
a novel\, preclinical modality\; with a unique ability to generate less ra
diation damage to neighbouring normal tissues\, while providing efficient
ablation to the tumour mass\; compared to the conventionally used Broad Be
am (BB) modality. A comprehensive investigation on the mechanisms and side
effects of these modalities has currently not been established. Here we c
ompared the radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) of BB and MRT irradi
ation\, generated by the Imaging and Medical Beamline at the Australian Sy
nchrotron in C57BL/6 mice. Animals were irradiated with 10Gy or 40Gy peak
dose of BB or MRT\, in an 8x8\, 8x1 and 2x2mm area on the right hind leg\,
using an X-ray beam with a dose rate of 49Gy/sec and constant current of
200mA. At 24 and 96hrs post-irradiation\, we collected irradiated skin an
d an assortment of unirradiated tissue\; these were processed for DSB dete
ction\, using the gammaH2AX assay. For both modalities the levels of gamma
H2AX foci in unirradiated tissues of irradiated mice\, varied in compariso
n to irradiated animals. Overall\, MRT and BB induced an elevated gammaH2
AX response at 10Gy\, while inhibiting this response at 40Gy. Oxidative cl
ustered DNA lesions (OCDL) in tissues were measured using constant field g
el electrophoresis\, where genomic DNA was treated with purine\, pyrimidin
e and abasic site-specific enzymes. We found a marked increase of OCDLs in
a variety of unirradiated tissues. We will discuss the role of irradiated
volume\, dose\, and beam modality in the manifestation of the in-vivo RIB
E.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/305/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/305/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Does silver sulfide nanoparticles (Ag2S-NPs) possess risks in soil
-plant systems?
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-304@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Peng Wang (The University of Queensland)\nSilver nan
oparticles (NPs) are used in more consumer products than any other nanomat
erial and their release into the environment is unavoidable. Of primary co
ncern is the wastewater stream in which they are transformed to silver sul
fide NPs (Ag2S-NPs) before being applied to agricultural soils within bios
olids. Once within the soil\, it is likely that various soil properties (r
edox status\, pH\, and chloride concentration) will influence the stabilit
y of these Ag2S-NPs. In the present study\, we initially examined (i) the
stability and transformation of Ag2S-NPs that actually occur in soils over
time at varying redox conditions and pH\, and (ii) the effects of the pre
sence of chloride on Ag2S transformation in soils. Given their low solubil
ity and reactivity\, it has been suggested that Ag2S-NPs are unlikely to c
onstitute an environmental hazard. However\, the assumption in the soil-pl
ant systems has not been tested. Therefore\, we also investigated (i) the
toxicity of Ag2S-NPs during both short-term (24 h) and longer-term (two we
eks) exposure to discern any nano-specific effects\, and (ii) the accumula
tion and speciation of Ag within plant tissues. Our findings have shown th
at Ag2S-NPs were found to be very stable in soils but only subject to chan
ge under high Cl conditions. In addition\, Ag2S-NPs exerted toxic effects
through their direct accumulation in terrestrial plant tissues. These find
ings need to be considered to ensure high yield of food crops\, and to avo
id increasing Ag in the food chain.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au
/event/12/contributions/304/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/304/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Evaluating the biological response of aggressive glioma cell lines
to synchrotron microbeam radiotherapy compared to broad-beam irradiation
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-303@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Lloyd Smyth (University of Melbourne\, Epworth Healt
hCare)\nBackground: Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG) is an aggressi
ve and infiltrative tumour of the brain-stem and is amongst the most letha
l brain tumours affecting children. Current treatment options are largely
ineffective with less than 10% of DIPG patients surviving to 2 years. Sync
hrotron Microbeam Radiotherapy (MRT) is a promising pre-clinical therapy w
hich could drastically improve the prognosis of patients with DIPG by allo
wing much higher radiation doses to be delivered to the tumour without an
increase in brain-stem toxicity. \n\nAim: To compare the response of DIPG
cell lines to MRT versus conventional broad-beam (BB) radiotherapy using a
ssays for sphere-forming capacity\, cell-cycle and apoptosis\, and to dete
rmine biologically equivalent MRT and BB doses. \n\nMethod: Three DIPG cel
l-lines were irradiated using MRT and BB. Cells were irradiated as single
cells in 2mL tubes in two experimental sessions: July 2015 at the Australi
a Synchrotron (MRT) and October 2015 at the Walter and Eliza Hall Insititu
e (BB). MRT doses were 0Gy\, 112Gy\, 250Gy\, 560Gy and 1180Gy and BB doses
were 0Gy\, 5.0Gy\, 7.7Gy\, 9.3Gy and 12Gy. Triplicates were used. After i
rradiation we performed cell-cycle and apoptosis assays and assessed cells
for sphere-forming capacity. \n\nConclusion: Using DIPG cell lines\, nove
l in MRT research\, we determined biologically equivalent BB and MRT doses
. Results will be used to inform future in-vivo experiments on DIPG-bearin
g rodents.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/3
03/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/303/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Adaptive control of scanning stages
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-302@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Nader Afshar (Controls Engineer)\nScanning motion ax
es are increasingly becoming key components to many beamlines. The velocit
y control requirements raise challenges at hardware and software control l
evels. Tracking a velocity profile with the required precision and stabili
ty can be a challenging task for the motion systems. It is not unusual to
see motion stages\, motors and sensor working close to their technical lim
its so hardware shall be design and configured very precisely. On top of t
he hardware configuration\, we usually require a very fine-tuned controlle
r to achieve the tracking and disturbance rejection performance required.\
nIn addition to that\, the scanner stages are usually expected to perform
at the same level of precision and stability\, over a very wide range of v
elocity and accelerations. Assuming that requirements are achievable for d
ifferent conditions (velocities) with different tunings\, it is usually ve
ry difficult to achieve adequate performance with one tuned controller.\nO
ne approach to cover a wide dynamic velocity range is to apply an adaptive
tuning to cope with changing conditions.\nIn this poster\, the problem is
demonstrated with examples and test cases of wide scanning velocity range
\, using our modelling framework and real stages with GeoBrick pmac contro
llers to prove the concept and feasibility of this approach.\n\nhttps://ev
ents01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/302/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/302/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Structural Investigation of Bax Oligomerisation
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-301@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Angus Cowan (The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute)\nT
he Bcl-2 protein family regulates the intrinsic apoptotic pathway and the
critical step of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilisation (MOMP). MOM
P results in the release of Cytochrome *c* and other molecules from the in
termembrane space\, leading to the formation of the apoptosome and caspase
activation. Bax and Bak are structurally and functionally homologous pro-
apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins that facilitate MOMP. BH3-only proteins such as B
im transiently bind to and activate Bax and/or Bak resulting in their homo
dimerisation and oligomerisation. The large Bax/Bak oligomers disrupt the
mitochondrial outer membrane causing MOMP. BH3-only protein binding causes
the dissociation of Bax/Bak into two distinct domains known as the "core"
and "latch" domains. The structures of both homodimerised Bax and homodim
erised Bak core domains\, with a GFP fusion tag to aid crystallisation\, h
ave been solved. The core domains dimerise through a symmetrical interface
involving the reciprocal insertion of the BH3 domain alpha helix of one B
ax/Bak molecule into the hydrophobic groove of the partner Bax/Bak molecul
e. To further investigate the Bax core domain\, we have expressed it as a
GST fusion protein and removed the GST tag. The cleaved core domain remain
s soluble and runs as a multimer (likely a hexamer or an octamer) on a siz
e exclusion column. The structure of this multimer could provide insight i
nto the nature of the large Bax oligomers that have remained structurally
enigmatic despite decades of investigation.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotro
n.org.au/event/12/contributions/301/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/301/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:EXAFS insights into the crystal-chemistry of nickel in tropical ul
tramafic areas: A survey at the molecular environmental level in New Caled
onia.
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151125T011000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151125T013000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-300@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Farid JUILLOT (Institut de Mineralogie\, de Physique
des Materiaux et de Cosmochimie IMPMC\, UMR CNRS 7590\, UR IRD 206\, Univ
ersite Pierre et Marie Curie UPMC\, 75005 Paris\, France)\nIn this present
ation\, we will show how Ni K-edge EXAFS data from the Australian Synchrot
ron (Melbourne) and several facilities worldwide (ESRF-France\, ELETTRA-It
aly\, SOLEIL-France\, SSRL-USA) helped us to depict the crystal-chemistry
of nickel in New Caledonia\, the third nickel producer in the world thanks
to its geological setting (one-third of the surface covered with lateriti
c regoliths resulting from the long-term weathering of peridotites under t
ropical conditions). \n This survey at the molecular environmental level
will start in the peridotites (the source of nickel) with data that help
to better understand the formation of the hydrous Mg/Ni silicate deposits
(i.e. known as garnierite) of New Caledonia. \n It will follow in the l
ateritic regoliths with data that emphasize the vertical change of nickel
speciation from Ni-bearing phyllosilicates in the bottom ultramafic bedroc
k towards Ni-bearing goethite in the upper lateritic horizons (Dublet et a
l.\, 2012\; 2014\; 2015). \n Finally\, it will end in the mangrove ecosy
stem with data that show the vertical change of nickel speciation from Ni-
bearing goethite towards Ni-bearing pyrite when going from the oxic surfac
e horizons towards the anoxic deep horizons of mangrove sediments located
downstream lateritic regoliths (Noel et al.\, 2014\; 2015).\n Beyond the
single case of New Caledonia\, all these informations on the crystal-chem
istry of nickel in ultramafic environments shall help building a sustainab
le exploitation of nickel laterites (60 to 70% of the world’s Ni resourc
es \; Butt and Cluzel\, 2013).\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/even
t/12/contributions/300/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/300/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Diving for Dollars – how to succeed in gaining government fundin
g
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T005000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T011000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-299@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Buzz Palmer (STC Australia)\nAustralia ranks third i
n the world with respect to excellence in academic research\, indicating t
hat Australia is exceptionally pioneering and cutting edge. Many Australia
n universities rank highly globally for innovation and STEMM\, there is an
exciting\, attainable opportunity to position universities locally\, regi
onally\, nationally and internationally as entrepreneurial ecosystem found
ations. Achieving this will require focused and sustained initiatives with
unique programming that adopts culture change and addressing internal dri
vers. \n\nThe role of the university has evolved beyond simply teaching a
nd research\, with many universities striving for strong economic developm
ent contributions delivered through entrepreneurship and commercialisation
. However\, institutional entrepreneurship is difficult to engineer. Succe
ssful entrepreneurial universities (whether driven ground-up or engineered
top down) typically have a culture that includes a willingness to take ri
sks\, shared governance and appropriate reward systems. To ensure that Aus
tralia continues to contribute to the world’s stock of knowledge we need
to create a supportive environment that nurtures and drives entrepreneurs
hip and innovation. Australia needs to coordinate leadership that inspires
and directs a shift in government policy that cuts across education\, cul
ture with accessible investment platforms to build a progressive ecosystem
.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/299/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/299/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Development of cell for in situ electric-field-dependent structura
l and macroscopic strain measurements
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-298@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Mohammad Jahangir Hossain (The School of Materials S
cience and Engineering\, UNSW Australia)\, Zhiyang Wang (School of Materia
ls Science and Engineering\, UNSW Australia &\;amp\; The Powder Diffrac
tion Beamline\, Australian Synchrotron)\nPiezoelectric ceramics are playin
g an important role as sensor and actuator materials in many modern smart
devices. When studying these functional materials\, understanding the stru
ctural changes during the actuation process is necessary for gaining a com
plete picture of the structure-property relationship. Structures of such m
aterials may be meta-stable during actuation\, thus must be observed using
in situ characterisation methods. In situ diffraction methods offer a pow
erful and direct means of quantifying the structural contributions to the
strain generation mechanisms of these materials. Here\, we demonstrate a s
ample cell equipped with a linear displacement sensor (LDS) capable of mea
suring the structural variations of electro-ceramic materials under high e
lectric field\, while simultaneously collecting macroscopic strain data. T
he results show that the macroscopic strain measured using the cells LDS c
an be directly correlated with the microscopic response of the material as
observed by powder diffraction methods. The cell has been successfully d
emonstrated at the powder diffraction beamline of the Australian Synchrotr
on.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/298/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/298/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Chemical Speciation Imaging at Environmentally Relevant Concentrat
ions using X-ray Fluorescence Microscopy
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-297@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: David Paterson (Australian Synchrotron)\nX-ray fluor
escence microscopy (XFM) can be used for elemental and chemical microanaly
sis across length scales ranging from millimeter to nanometer. XFM is ide
ally suited to quantitatively map trace elements within whole plant and ot
her biological specimens\, environmental and soil samples. The elemental
sensitivity of the X-ray fluorescence probe provides valuable information
in a diversity of environmental sciences\, and the high penetration of har
d X-rays enables measurement of whole cells\, tissue sections and a divers
e range of environmental samples with a minimum of preparation. \nRapid a
dvances in X-ray fluorescence detection methods such as the Maia detector
now enable high definition images approaching megapixel per minute rates.
The ability to rapidly acquire 2D images enables 3D information such as f
luorescence tomography to be obtained in realistic times. Chemical specia
tion (or valence) imaging (CSI) is a technique where the third dimension i
s spectroscopic detail. CSI results in an X-ray Absorption Near Edge Stru
cture (XANES) spectra from the X-ray fluorescence signal at each pixel in
the spatial image. \n\nCSI has been demonstrated at the Australian Synchr
otron XFM beamline with micron resolution and moderate definition (10K pix
els) across a diverse range of sciences and applications from environmenta
l chemistry to arsenic toxicity in crop production. Studies probing and
optimising the efficiency and sensitivity of CSI to achieve measurements a
t environmentally relevant concentrations will be presented.\n\nhttps://ev
ents01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/297/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/297/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Discussion Panel
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T011000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T013000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-296@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/296
/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/296/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Analysis of manganese dioxide electrochemical capacitors using syn
chrotron methods: in-situ analysis of electrodeposition.
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-295@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Andrew Gibson (University of Newcastle)\nManganese o
xides (MnO2\, MnOOH) are promising materials for electrochemical capacitor
s due to their low cost and toxicity\, coupled with their attractive energ
y storage properties\, and are hence well represented in the literature [1
]. Thin films of MnO2 prepared by electrodeposition are capable of achiev
ing high values for gravimetric specific capacitance (>2000 F/g) [2]. Mat
erial activity\, as well as material morphology play an important role in
determining the capacitive behaviour of a material [3]. Thus\, it is impo
rtant to understand the role the electrodeposition solution has on the res
ultant structure and morphology of the deposited manganese oxides.\n\nIn t
his poster\, the in-situ application of three different synchrotron techni
ques to the electrodeposition of manganese oxides will be discussed. The
beamlines utilised for the experiments described in this poster are powder
diffraction\, small angle x-ray scattering and x-ray absorption spectrosc
opy. In all cases\, the electrodeposited manganese oxides have been prepa
red from a solution containing between 0.001 - 0.1 M MnSO4 and 0.01 – 1
M H2SO4.\n\n1. Wei\, W.\, et al.\, Manganese oxide-based materials as e
lectrochemical supercapacitor electrodes. Chemical Society Reviews\, 2011(
40): p. 1697 - 1721.\n2. Andrew Cross\, A.M.\, Ariana Cormie\, Tony Hol
lenkamp\, Scott Donne\, Enhanced Manganese Dioxide Supercapacitor Electrod
es Produced by Electrodeposition. Journal of Power Sources\, 2011. 196: p.
7847 - 7853.\n3. Conway\, B.E.\, Electrochemical Supercapacitors: Scie
ntific Fundamentals and Technological Applications. 1999\, New York: Sprin
ger.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/295/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/295/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Visualizing Au-Au bond formation in solution with femtosecond X-ra
y scattering
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T034500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-294@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Shin-ichi Adachi (Photon Factory\, IMSS\, KEK)\nBond
formation is an essential process in chemical reactions\, but it is chall
enging to keep track of detailed atomic movements associated with bond for
mation because of its bimolecular nature. Bond formation in solution phase
has been especially elusive because it is difficult to initiate and follo
w such diffusion-limited bimolecular processes with ultrafast time resolut
ion. In this regard\, a dicyanoaurate(I) oligomer complex\, [Au(CN)2–]n\
, offers a good model system in which to study the dynamics of bond format
ion in solution. Using femtosecond time-resolved X-ray scattering\, we suc
cessfully visualized in real time the birth of a gold trimer complex\, [Au
(CN)2–]3\, that occurs via photoinduced formation of Au-Au covalent bond
s [1]. This work showcases the possibility of tracking detailed structural
changes in solution with sub-ps temporal and sub-angstrom spatial resolut
ions\, thanks to the advent of X-ray free electron lasers and the advance
of data analysis of time-resolved solution scattering data. \n\nREFERENCE\
n\n[1] Kim\, K. H.\, Kim\, J. G.\, Nozawa\, S.\, Sato\, T.\, Oang\, K. Y.\
, Kim\, T. W.\, Ki\, H.\, Jo\, J.\, Park\, S.\, Song\, C.\, Sato\, T.\, Og
awa\, K.\, Togashi\, T.\, Tono\, K.\, Yabashi\, M.\, Ishikawa\, T.\, Kim\,
J.\, Ryoo\, R.\, Kim\, J.\, Ihee\, H. & Adachi\, S.\, Nature\, 518\, 385-
389 (2015).\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/
294/
LOCATION: Conference Rooms
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/294/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Characterisation of Ion Tracks using Small Angle Scattering
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T034500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-293@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Patrick Kluth (Australian National University)\nIon
tracks are narrow trails of permanent damage generated along the paths of
highly energetic heavy ions. These tracks are generally between 5-10 nm in
diameter and can be tens of micrometers long. They have applications in m
any disciplines including materials science and engineering\, nuclear phys
ics\, geochronology\, archaeology\, and interplanetary science.\n\nIf gene
rated in an accelerator\, an ensemble of ion tracks comprises parallel\, (
almost) identical nano-sized objects with negligible overlap. Due to their
high monodispersity\, small angle scattering\, albeit measuring typically
~10$^7$ ion tracks\, can yield information about the individual track str
ucture averaging out fluctuations on an atomic level. Parallel alignment a
nd stochastic distribution of the tracks reduces the analysis to simple fo
rm-factor scattering\, yet due to their high aspect the ‘small angle app
roximation’ is no longer valid.\n\nOver the last years we have demonstra
ted that SAS can resolve details of ion tracks in many materials inaccessi
ble to other techniques [e.g. see 1-3]. This includes implementation of in
novative capabilities at the Australian Synchrotron SAXS/WAXS beamline\, i
ncluding the use of diamond anvil cells in combination with in situ anneal
ing to study ion track recovery of minerals under high pressure. More rece
ntly we developed a Monte-Carlo code to calculate scattering from complex
track morphologies. \n\nThis presentation will give an overview of our wor
k on ion tracks highlighting the new capabilities we have developed.\n\n 1
. Phys. Rev B **90** (2014) 224108\n 2. Phys. Rev. Lett. **101** (2008) 17
5503\n 3. Phys. Rev. Lett. **110** (2013) 245502\n\nhttps://events01.synch
rotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/293/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/293/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Live cell nano-imaging free from radiation damage by using X-ray f
ree-electron laser
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T034500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-291@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Yoshinori Nishino (Research Institute for Electronic
Science\, Hokkaido University)\nCoherent diffractive imaging (CDI) is a g
rowing technique in photon science. In CDI\, sample images are numerically
reconstructed from the coherent diffraction data without the need for obj
ective lenses. CDI is thus advantageous for X-rays\, for which high-magnif
ication objective lenses are difficult to fabricate. CDI has been demonstr
ated to be a powerful tool in visualizing cells and organelles using synch
rotron radiation. Emerging X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) with femtose
cond pulse durations further extends the ability of CDI to achieve spatial
resolution beyond the conventional radiation-damage limitation.\n\nWe per
formed live cell nano-imaging using a Japanese XFEL facility\, SACLA. We e
mployed pulsed coherent X-ray solution scattering (PCXSS)\, a form of X-ra
y CDI\, developed by our group [1\,2]. A unique feature of PCXSS is to kee
p solution sample under a controlled environment in micro-liquid enclosure
array (MLEA) chips. We succeeded in reconstructing a live cell image from
a coherent diffraction pattern recorded with a single XFEL shot [2]. The
reconstructed image quantitatively revealed the internal structures\, *e.g
.* high-image-intensity structure indicative of dense DNA. PCXSS can also
be effectively applied to nano-imaging of materials functional in solution
.\n\n\nReferences:\n\n[1] J. Pérez and Y. Nishino\, Curr. Opin. Struct. B
iol. 22\, 670–678 (2012).\n\n[2] T. Kimura *et al.*\, Nature Commum. 5\,
3052 (2014).\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contribution
s/291/
LOCATION: NCSS Seminar Room
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/291/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Activation energies for phase transformations in electrospun titan
ia nanofibers: comparing the influence of argon and air atmospheres
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-290@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: HANI ALBETRAN (Curtin University & University of Dam
mam)\nThe paper reports the way in which titania absolute phase levels (am
orphous\, anatase and rutile forms) in electrospun amorphous titania nanof
ibers change with temperature over the range 25–900 °C according to the
controlling environment for calcination as the material is heated non-iso
thermally. The environments chosen for study were air and argon. A novel m
ethod was developed to extract the absolute levels of amorphous titania an
d crystalline anatase and rutile from the synchrotron radiation diffractio
n (SRD) data. Determination of absolute phase levels facilitated estimatio
n of the activation energies for the amorphous-to-anatase transformation\,
45(9) kJ/mol in argon and 69(17) in air\; and for the anatase-to-rutile t
ransformation energies\, 97(7) kJ/mol for argon and 129(5) for air. An act
ivation energy estimate for amorphous-to-crystalline titania in argon\, 14
2(21) kJ/mol using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is consistent w
ith the SRD results. The differences between the activation energies for h
eating in air and argon are attributed to the presence of substantial oxyg
en vacancies when the material is heated in argon. Estimates of anatase an
d rutile oxygen site occupancies from the SRD data show that (i) anatase h
as discernible oxygen vacancies in argon between 700–900 °C correspondi
ng to the stoichiometry TiO2-x with x \n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org
.au/event/12/contributions/290/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/290/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Phase transformations of a desert sand to a calcia magnesia alumin
osilicate (CMAS) deposit: a Synchrotron powder diffraction study
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-289@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: John Thornton (DSTO)\nThermal barrier coatings (TBC)
are porous layers designed to insulate and protect turbine blade and vane
s from the hot and oxidising gases in gas turbine engines. Dust or volcani
c ash particles ingested by the engine can melt and form calcia-magnesia-a
lumino-silicate (CMAS) deposits on the TBC. During further engine operatio
n the molten deposits can infiltrate the porous TBC and chemically interac
t. On engine shut-down the CMAS solidifies to create a TBC that is less po
rous and compliant and prone to delaminate as the engine cools down. Witho
ut TBCs\, the blades and vanes need to be replaced pre-maturely\, increasi
ng costs.\n\nTo investigate the chemical processes of CMAS formation and C
MAS+TBC interaction\, we performed a synchrotron powder diffraction study
on oxide-mineral rich desert sand and standard TBC zirconia powder. One se
t of diffraction patterns were collected in real time as a sample was heat
ed and cooled through the range of 25-1400°C while in the diffractometer.
These patterns were compared to powder mixtures previously heated in a fu
rnace at 1100 and 1300°C for 4hrs.\n\nThe results indicated the temperatu
res at which the desert sand underwent transformations. They also showed t
hat the sand can react with the TBC zirconia to form zircon (ZrSiO4) and i
ncrease the amount of monoclinic zirconia. TBCs are manufactured to consis
t of tetragonal zirconia as coatings made from monoclinic zirconia break a
part on thermal cycling. Overall the diffraction study helped to further d
efine the mechanisms by which CMAS attacks TBC.\n\nhttps://events01.synchr
otron.org.au/event/12/contributions/289/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/289/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Structural damage evaluation of a ceramic matrix composite
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-288@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Benedicta Arhatari (La Trobe University)\nWe studied
Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMC) as a new class of structural materials th
at combine high strength at high temperatures with moderate toughness. Map
ping the failure of CMC under mechanical load explains the mechanisms resp
onsible for their toughness. In this study\, the correlation of the x-ray
radiographs of CMC samples to critical points in the load/displacement cur
ve show that the fibre bundles slowed crack propagation due to strain ener
gy being expended in breaking these fibres and in pulling bundles out of t
he surrounding matrix material. The results were also complemented with mi
cro X-ray Computed Tomography after failure. Finally\, mapping the strain
evolution at length scales of micrometres during bending were done using D
igital Image Correlation.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/
contributions/288/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/288/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Microstructure of High Performance Polymer Electronics
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T224500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T233000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-287@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Chris McNeill (Monash University)\nConjugated polyme
rs are an interesting class of material whose semiconducting properties en
able application in light-emitting diodes\, polymer solar cells and organi
c field-effect transistors (OFETs). The molecular packing and microstructu
re of conjugated polymer thin films strongly influences the function of su
ch electronic devices. Due to the semicrystalline nature of conjugated pol
ymers\, characterisation of the thin film microstructure can be challengin
g\, especially when films less than 100 nm thick are used. For OFETs in pa
rticular charge transport is localised to within a ~ 3 nm thick accumulati
on layer at the film interface\, requiring characterisation techniques tha
t are highly surface sensitive. In this presentation I will overview the a
pplication of synchrotron-based techniques such as Near-Edge X-ray Absorpt
ion Fine-Structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy and Grazing-Incidence Wide-Angle
X-ray Scattering (GIWAXS) to disclose the microstructural signatures of hi
gh performance polymers that enable large-area MHz electronics.\n\nhttps:/
/events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/287/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/287/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:What Geochemistry teaches us about Catalyst Design
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T003000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T005000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-286@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Rosalie Hocking (James Cook University)\nOne of the
greatest challenges of the 21st century will be securing cheap and renewab
le sources of energy. One of the most promising approaches to this challe
nge is to design catalysts from earth abundant materials capable of implem
enting key chemical reactions including splitting water into hydrogen and
oxygen (H2O → 2H+ + O2)\; and both the oxidation (H2→ 2H+) and reducti
on (2H+→ H2) of hydrogen the reduction of CO2 hydrocarbons.\n\nSome of t
he most promising catalyst materials for these reactions are metal oxides
and sulfides which commonly exist in nature. Despite the fact that these
materials are common\, their structures\, stability are often poorly under
stood. This is in part because of the reliance on traditional analytical t
echniques (particularly X-ray diffraction) for materials characterisation.
The molecular structure of functional metal oxide and metal sulfide based
catalysts can be probed in situ by combining X-ray Absorption Spectroscop
y (XAS) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) to provide new insights
into catalyst structure and function. We find some interesting correlati
ons between these materials in their functional state and the geochemical
cycles which form these materials in nature\, implicating “kinetic desta
bilised forms” of these common materials. Our work provides important cl
ues to a possible role these materials may have played in the evolution of
metallo-protein type catalysis.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/ev
ent/12/contributions/286/
LOCATION: Conference Rooms
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/286/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Condensed Phase applications at the THz beamline
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-285@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Dominique Appadoo (Australian Synchrotron)\nSpectros
copic studies of condensed phase matter have been successfully conducted a
t the THz/Far-IR beamline of Australian Synchrotron for a few years and ap
plications range from nanotechnology\, geology\, renewable energy sources\
, forensics\, biology\, engineering and the environment. In this paper\, w
e will present some of these applications and current techniques\, as well
as new techniques which are under consideration for the study of condense
d phase materials. In particular\, we will present our recent efforts in s
tudying liquids in the THz spectral region.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotro
n.org.au/event/12/contributions/285/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/285/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Local and Abscopal Inflammatory Response to Synchrotron Radiation
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T011000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T013000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-284@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jason Palazzolo (Molecular Radiation Biology Laborat
ory\, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre\, Melbourne\, VIC\, Australia)\nMicrob
eam radiation therapy (MRT) is a promising modality for administering sync
hrotron-generated ionizing radiation (IR). Compared to conventionally used
broadbeam (BB) radiation\, MRT yields improved therapeutic benefits by pr
eserving healthy tissues whilst selectively ablating tumours. By offering
beam precision and reduced radiation scattering\, the Australian Synchrotr
on (AS) is ideal for studying non-targeted effects of radiation\, such as
the bystander and abscopal effect. To establish whether these non-targeted
effects depend on the immune system\, C57BL/6 mice were irradiated with B
B or MRT at the AS. Mice were exposed to 10Gy or 40Gy peak doses in 8x8mm
or 8x1mm areas. Irradiated skin and bystander skin and intestine\, were co
llected at 24h and 96h post-irradiation and processed immunohistochemicall
y for apoptotic events and immune response changes in situ\, compared to u
nirradiated control mice. \n\nActivated macrophages and dendritic cells in
irradiated skin increased up to 2.1 fold and up to 1.7 fold in bystander
skin. Neutrophils increased up to 0.8 fold in irradiated skin and 2 fold i
n bystander skin. T-lymphocytes showed no significant changes in the irrad
iated skin\, however\, increased 2 fold in bystander skin. Apoptotic cells
showed no significant changes across any tissue. Intestinal tissue yielde
d consistent results to bystander skin. Therefore\, following pulsed radia
tion exposure\, there is an innate immune response in IR-targeted mouse sk
in. Whilst\, within bystander tissues\, there is a response from innate an
d adaptive immunity. Future experiments aim to study these immune modulato
rs in immuno-compromised mice.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/even
t/12/contributions/284/
LOCATION: NCSS Seminar Room
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/284/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Macquarie University-Australian Synchrotron D-DIA apparatus
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-283@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jeremy Wykes (Macquarie University & Australian Sync
hrotron)\nThe recent development of the deformation-DIA (D-DIA) cubic-cell
multi-anvil apparatus permits dynamic experiments investigating the rheol
ogical properties (measuring stress and strain) of materials at high press
ures and temperatures\, previously unattainable in deformation apparatus.\
n\nA D-DIA apparatus is currently being commissioned on the XAS beamline a
t the Australian Synchrotron. The system consists of a four post frame wit
h a 250-ton hydraulic cylinder pressurising the D-DIA module. Pressure con
trol in the main- and differential rams is via an EPICS PID control loop w
here pressure is monitored by pressure transducers and varied by stepper-m
otor driven pressure generators. The sample is heated via a graphite resis
tance furnace. Temperature is monitored by a Pt-Rh or W-Re thermocouple an
d controlled via a Eurotherm PID controller. Positioning in the beam is ac
hieved by mounting the press on an ADC X-Y-Z-rotation stage\, the whole as
sembly weighing >3 tons. A particular constraint of of operating the D-DIA
apparatus at the AS is that it must be completely removable from the XAS
Hutch C end station. The system has been modularised to facilitate conveni
ent movement.\n\nThe MQ-AS D-DIA system is capable of exerting hydrostatic
pressures of ~10 GPa and temperatures to ~1600 K. When commissioning is c
omplete the apparatus will be capable of radiographic imaging and energy d
ispersive or angle dispersive XRD. Initial experiments will investigate me
tal-silicate migration and the rheology of mantle mineral assemblages.\n\n
https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/283/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/283/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:In Operando Structure-property Studies of Advanced Nano Materials
for Lithium Batteries
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T005000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T011000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-282@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Wen Wen (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility\, S
hanghai Institute of Applied Physics\, Chinese Academy of Sciences)\nLithi
um ion battery has wide applications in portable electronics and is one of
the most attractive power sources for next generation electric vehicles.
Thus\, research on new intercalation compounds\, which are usually nano-sc
ale mixed metal oxides\, is extensively carried out. \n\nIn a lithium ion
battery\, charge transfer can be correlated with redox reactions of cation
s and this has been extensively investigated. Anions could play a signific
ant role in charge transfer as well\, while they are less explored. Resear
chers have pointed out that oxygen ions in LiCoO[sub][2][sub] and Zn doped
LiMn[sub][2][sub]O[sub][4][sub] partially contribute to charge transfer d
uring electrochemical cycling[sup][1\,2][sup]. Recently\, a reversible oxy
gen redox chemistry[sup][3][sup] was further observed in Ru doped Li[sub][
2][sub]MnO[sub][3][sub]. Combined both redox activities of cations and ani
ons opens doors for further performance optimization\, while detailed stru
cture-property mechanisms on how oxygen is involved are poorly understood.
\n\nIn this presentation\, a series of bismuth based nano mixed metal oxi
des\, which could have excellent oxygen ionic mobility were used as electr
odes for lithium battery applications. Detailed discharge mechanism was fu
rther investigated using a combination of in operando XRD and X-ray Absorp
tion Near edge Structure Analysis (XANES). \n\n**References:**\n1. Cede
r\, G. *et. al. Nature* **1998**\, *392*\, 694−696.\n2. Wen\, W. *et.
al. J. Electrochem. Soc.* **2005**\, *9*\, A1902.\n3. Sathiya\, M. *et
. al. Chem. Mater.* **2013**\, *25*\, 1121−1131.\n\nhttps://events01.syn
chrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/282/
LOCATION: Conference Rooms
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/282/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Simultaneous Recovery of Sample And Coherence Information in Coher
ent Diffractive Imaging
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T025000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-281@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Giang Tran (La Trobe University)\n**Abstract:**\nCoh
erent diffractive imaging (CDI) is a powerful method whereby the transmiss
ion function of an object can be recovered using certain\, typically\, ite
rative algorithms. Recently\, it has been shown that CDI not only works we
ll with coherent illumination but also with partially coherent illuminatio
n. In this work\, we use simulated results to demonstrate successful retri
eval simultaneously of an object’s transmission function and of the char
acteristic coherence properties of the illuminating wavefield without a pr
iori knowledge. Our approach is based on using a comprehensive modal model
of the illuminating beam such that the free parameters representing the c
oherence properties can be fit during the recovery process.\n\nhttps://eve
nts01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/281/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/281/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Radionuclide speciation at former nuclear weapons testing sites an
d in situ technologies to immobilise aqueous uranium
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T000000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T003000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-280@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Richard Collins (The University of New South Wales)\
nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/280/
LOCATION: Conference Rooms
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/280/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Synchrotron-beam Focal Plane Array (FPA) illumination: Developing
fast acquisition\, high spatial resolution FT-IR chemical mapping at the I
R Microscopy beamline
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-279@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Danielle Martin (Australian Synchrotron)\nThe IR Mic
roscopy (IRM) beamline at the Australian Synchrotron is used to generate d
etailed FTIR chemical maps of samples at diffraction-limited spatial resol
utions\, with high S/N ratios. Using a single element detector and confoca
l-like apertures to focus the beam at the sample surface\, 2D maps at spat
ial resolutions between 3-5 microns can be measured. This is however time-
consuming\, with one 50 micron squared map taking 1-2 hours to acquire. Ho
w then can sample throughput be improved? FTIR mapping systems using Focal
Plane Array (FPA) detectors are capable of covering much greater surface
areas at a time\; each array pixel can measure a full FTIR spectrum\, and
the IRM beamline at the Australian Synchrotron is equipped with a 64x64 FP
A. The compromise is that a Globar source must be used to evenly illuminat
e this relatively large detector\, greatly reducing spatial resolution. So
how then to illuminate a large array with a small\, low-emittance SR beam
? The IRENI beamline\, SRC\, extracted 12 IR beams from their source to ac
hieve full FPA illumination across a 96x96 array (1). We extract only one
IR beam\, therefore such wide field illumination is not possible. Instead
this poster outlines a method similar to that used at NSLS (2)\, where the
single beam is split into 4\, to successfully illuminate a 16x16 FPA grid
. The overall setup and some results are shown.\n\n(1) Nasse et al. Nature
methods 8.5 (2011)\n\n(2) Stavitski et al. Analytical chemistry 85.7 (201
3)\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/279/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/279/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Small angle scattering examination of structures self-assembled du
ring milk digestion
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-278@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Adrian Hawley (Australian Synchrotron)\nMilk is a cr
itical source of nutrition in the diet of many people\, especially for inf
ants for whom milk is the complete diet the first months of life. Milk con
tains both water soluble and water insoluble components all of which are m
ade bioavailable during digestion to provide everything needed for growth
and development. Recent work at the Australian Synchrotron SAXS beamline r
eported the discovery of self-assembled structures during the in-situ dige
stion of bovine and human milks. The progression through a range of differ
ent highly organized self-assembled structures has been studied using smal
l angle scattering to follow the formation and progression of the structur
es in real time during digestion. Cryo-TEM was also used to study the phas
es formed. The lipophilic environment inside milk fat globules was found t
o gradually transition to more hydrophilic surfaces in highly ordered stru
cture with high internal surface area. Digestion conditions were found to
change the rate of transition. These transitions in self-assembled structu
res are likely to be key to making water insoluble species bioavailable in
the gastrointestinal tract. Further small angle scattering studies will a
llow a greater understanding of how individual components in milks impact
the digestion and whether additional species\, e.g. adding sparingly solub
le vitamins\, changes the digestion stages. Understanding the different st
ages and structures of digestion offers scope to develop improved nutritio
nal supplements or controlled release drug delivery systems.\n\nhttps://ev
ents01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/278/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/278/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:The Laboratories at the Australian Synchrotron - Information for U
sers
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-277@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Clare Scott (Australian Synchrotron)\nMany users of
the Australian Synchrotron will have samples requiring final preparation a
t the synchrotron prior to or during their beam-time. At the synchrotron t
here are several laboratories available to users in which to undertake thi
s work. The labs are stocked with basic chemical and consumable supplies a
s well as general laboratory equipment such as balances\, ovens\, fridges
and freezers. Fume cupboards for working with hazardous substances and bio
-safety cabinets for working with bio-hazardous material are available in
some of the labs and a glove-box for working with oxygen sensitive materia
ls is also available.\n\nAccess to the laboratories is dependent on approv
al by the beam line scientist reviewing the user's Experimental Authorisat
ion\, followed by attendance at an induction session for the appropriate l
ab. The induction sessions are held daily and further information regardin
g inductions or items available in the laboratories can be obtained by con
tacting the Laboratory Coordinator.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au
/event/12/contributions/277/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/277/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Converting Bax into a killer: La Danse Macabre
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T000000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T003000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-276@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Peter Czabotar (Walter and Eliza Hall Institute)\nht
tps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/276/
LOCATION: NCSS Seminar Room
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/276/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Investigations of Self-Assembling Block Copolymer/Ionic Liquid Ble
nds
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151125T030000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151125T033000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-275@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Kevin Jack (University of Queensland)\nBlock copolym
ers are ubiquitous materials with a vast range of applications\, e.g. in d
rug delivery\, photolithography\, chemical sensors\, surfactants\, and as
templates for the production of hard materials. The properties of these m
aterials and hence the range of potential applications arise from the abil
ity to combine an array of chemical functionalities and architectures that
can be synthesised using contemporary polymerisation techniques. More rec
ently\, the addition of low molecular weight diluents has been shown to mo
dify as well as allow for the control of the microstructures adopted by th
ese systems. \n\nRecent advancements in characterisation methods have
opened up the possibility to interrogate these materials at the molecular-
and nano-scale and to\, therefore\, better understand structure-property-
performance relationships within them. This work will focus on recent stud
ies by us carried out in part at the Australian Synchrotron (e.g. using hi
gh-throughput and grazing-incidence SAXS) on a range of block copolymers/i
onic liquid blends in which it is possible to manipulate both the accessib
le block copolymer phases and the resulting properties of the materials.
These studies have provided both insights into physical properties\, e.g.
scaling properties of the polymers\, and practical methods for fabricating
microphases such as co-continuous phases.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron
.org.au/event/12/contributions/275/
LOCATION: NCSS Seminar Room
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/275/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Anion ordering in complex perovskite oxynitrides AM0.2Ta0.8O2.8N0.
2 (A = Sr\, Ba\; M = Li\, Na)
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-274@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Young-Il Kim (Yeungnam University)\nOxynitride-type
complex perovskites\, AM0.2Ta0.8O2.8N0.2 (A = Sr\, Ba\; M = Li\, Na)\, wer
e synthesized by the ammonolytic heating of a layered perovskite\, A5Ta4O1
5\, with 0.5M2CO3. A Rietveld refinement of the synchrotron X-ray and neut
ron powder diffraction patterns confirmed the complete structural transfor
mation from a hexagonal layered-perovskite to a three-dimensional perovski
te type\, as well as the stabilization of alkali cations on the octahedral
sites rather than on the dodecahedral sites in the latter. In all four co
mpounds\, M+ and Ta5+ were disordered completely despite a charge differen
ce as much as 4. The crystal symmetry of the average structure depended on
the size of the dodecahedral cation\; simple cubic for BaM0.2Ta0.8O2.8N0.
2\, and body-centered tetragonal for SrM0.2Ta0.8O2.8N0.2. This trend coinc
ides with the symmetry transition from BaTaO2N (Pm3 ̅m) to SrTaO2N (I4/mc
m). In both SrM0.2Ta0.8O2.8N0.2\, nitrogen atom preferentially occupied th
e c-axial 4a site of the tetragonal cell. Solid state magic angle spinning
nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that SrNa0.2Ta0.8O2.8N0.2
and BaNa0.2Ta0.8O2.8N0.2 exhibited marked downfield shifts of 23Na\, manif
esting an octahedral coordination. On the other hand\, the 7Li NMR of SrLi
0.2Ta0.8O2.8N0.2 and BaLi0.2Ta0.8O2.8N0.2 indicated a highly symmetrical c
oordination environment of Li.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/even
t/12/contributions/274/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/274/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Design and Implementation of an Optical Ptychographic Microscope f
or quantitative bio-imaging at La Trobe University
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-273@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Nicholas Anthony (La Trobe University\, ARC Centre o
f Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging)\nPtychography is a method for
quantitatively determining the phase of a samples’ complex transmission
function. The technique relies upon the collection of multiple overlappin
g coherent diffraction patterns from laterally displaced points on the sam
ple. The overlap of measurement points provides complementary information
that significantly aids in the reconstruction of the complex wavefield exi
ting the sample. Moreover the method is sufficiently robust to simultaneou
sly recover both the sample and probe functions from a single dataset.\n\n
Ptychography was initially realised for applications involving electron mi
croscopy (Hoppe et al.\, Acta Cryst. A\, 1969) but has been widely adopted
by the x-ray lensless imaging community. More recently\, it has found app
lication in the optical regime (e.g. Godden et al. Optics Express\, 2014)
where it can be applied to 2D and 3D quantitative phase contrast imaging o
f weakly interacting specimens.\n\nHere we describe and demonstrate the re
alisation of a high-quality optical ptychographic microscope at La Trobe U
niversity comprising ‘off the shelf’ components. Our microscope provid
es quantitative sample information with extreme sensitivity opening up a r
ange of applications including bio-mechanical measurements on cellular sam
ples. Some recent results using this microscope are showcased here.\n\n
https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/273/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/273/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Middle energy beamline for Max-Planck Korean initiative at Pohang
Light Source
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-272@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jae-Young Kim (Pohang Accelerator Laboratory)\nThe c
onstruction of a beamline covering a wide energy range of 250 eV ~ 3000 eV
is going on at Pohang Light Source (PLS). In order to provide sufficient
photon flux up to 3000 eV with grating optics\, the beamline is designed t
o use just four reflection optics with highly grazing angles. A Hetterick
style monochromator with various incident angles is adopted under entrance
slitless configuration. The first and the last mirrors are toroidal and t
hey are configured to compensate the line curvature errors of them to each
other. The beamline is dedicated for X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism (X
MCD) and soft X-ray scattering (SXS). All the optical parameters are optim
ized by an analytical code based on the optical path function theory. The
grating efficiency is also calculated rigorously by differential methods.
The calculation is verified by ray-tracing too. The construction is going
on under the program of Max-Planck Korean Initiative and will be done by J
une\, 2016. In this talk\, the design details and the current construction
status will be presented.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12
/contributions/272/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/272/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Heteroleptic Iron(III) {Quinolylsalicylaldimine/Thiosemicarbazone-
salicylaldimine} Complexes: Spin crossover\, intermolecular structural and
solvation features\, magnetism and Mössbauer spectra
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-271@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Wasinee Phonsri (Monash University)\nThe relationshi
p between intermolecular interactions and spin-crossover features such as
the abruptness of the spin transition and cooperativity\, in crystalline c
omplexes of iron(II) and iron(III)\, is of much current interest.1 We were
particularly interested to make heteroleptic complexes of Hqsal and H2ths
a ligands (where Hqsal = quinolylsalicylaldimine2 and H2thsa = thiosemicar
bazone-salicylaldiminate3) for the first time\, to explore the intermolecu
lar interactions when two different ligands are present around each Fe(III
) centre. A family of neutral\, heteroleptic iron(III) complexes\, [Fe(qsa
l)(thsa)]∙solvent\, is presented where solvent is 0.4BuOH\, 0.5MeCN\, 0.
5THF\, as well as two polymorphs of solvent free compounds i.e.[Fe(qsal)(t
hsa)]. We describe a fascinating array of intermolecular interactions occu
rring in the various crystals\, all containing two distinct Fe sites\, inc
luding similarities and differences and the importance of a void in the la
ttice structure wherein solvate molecules sit (or do not sit\, in [Fe(qsal
)(thsa)] polymorphs)\, and how these all relate to differences in spin sta
tes of neighbouring [Fe(qsal)(thsa)] molecules i.e. HS-HS and spin crossov
er HS-HS to HS-LS. Supporting information and insights are provided by TGA
\, PXRD and Mössbauer spectral data.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.
au/event/12/contributions/271/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/271/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Embryos in a synchrotron: revealing the internal structure of mars
upial embryos and pouch young using synchrotron radiation
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-270@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Qamariya Nasrullah (Monash University)\nThe reconstr
uction\, visualisation and interpretation of anatomy during the developmen
t of an embryo present significant difficulties\, particularly when dealin
g with complex 3D structures. Historically\, 3D reconstruction of embryoni
c structures requires alignment of histological slices\, a destructive tec
hnique with inherent distortion of morphology\, or the use of size-limited
techniques such as optical projection tomography (OPT). The use of these
techniques is highly limited or not possible when mineralised tissues are
present. Here we report on the application of contrast-enhanced synchrotro
n X-ray microCT to investigate the development of teeth in embryos and pou
ch young of the tammar wallaby *Macropus eugenii*. Using Lugol’s iodine
as a contrast agent\, we can identify key soft tissue and mineralised laye
rs and structures in the developing tooth\, including oral epithelium\, de
ntal lamina\, enamel epithelium\, dentine and enamel. We confirmed the ide
ntity of the features using comparative histological sections. Staining an
d X-ray imaging at high resolution enabled the reconstruction of 3D morpho
logy for developing teeth during the entire development sequence from dent
al lamina and bud stage through to mineralisation and tooth eruption. We r
econstructed the 3D position and orientation in the developing jaws of bot
h tooth generations (deciduous and permanent\, including vestigial tooth g
erms) for incisors\, premolars and molars. Imaging at 34 keV\, just above
the K-edge of iodine\, significantly improved contrast between iodine-stai
ned tissues and surrounding material. This study demonstrates the major ad
vantages over earlier techniques\, making the most of rare specimens in em
bryonic or later stages of development.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.or
g.au/event/12/contributions/270/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/270/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Study of swift heavy-ion irradiation of amorphous silicon oxynitri
de films
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T025000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-269@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Pablo Mota Santiago (Australian National University)
\nIn this work we present direct evidence of ion track formation in 1-micr
on-thick silicon oxynitride films deposited by Plasma Enhanced CVD (PECVD)
after irradiation with 185 MeV Au ions at different fluences. Silicon oxy
nitrides are gradient refractive index materials (GRIN)\, where its physic
al properties are linear combination of Si$_{3}$N$_{4}$ and SiO$_{2}$. The
morphology of the ion tracks were studied by means of Small Angle X-ray S
cattering (SAXS) while the structural damage was analysed by Fourier Trans
form Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Swelling or compaction as a result of h
igh fluence irradiation was studied using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). A
quantitative comparison with Si$_{3}$N$_{4}$ deposited by Low Pressure CV
D (LPCVD) and a-SiO$_{2}$ is provided.\n\nSAXS measurements of samples irr
adiated at low fluences average a large number of single tracks providing
reliable results about the morphology. Continuous tracks with a core-shell
structure were found\, a small core (less than 2 nm) surrounded by a thic
k shell (4-6 nm)\, presumably with an underdense core and an overdense she
ll\, similar to the results found in a-SiO$_{2}$. Only slight differences
were found for ion tracks in LPCVD Si$_{3}$N$_{4}$. \n\nAnalysis from FTIR
measurements yields an ion track radius of 1.8 nm\, which closely matches
the core size. This is an indication that in amorphous materials most of
the radiation damage is produced in the core region.\n\nhttps://events01.s
ynchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/269/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/269/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Spin Crossover in Iron(II) Imidazolylmethylene-aryl amine Complexe
s: Tuning by the substituent group on the ligand
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-268@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Darunee Sertphon (School of Chemistry\, Monash Unive
rsity\, Clayton\, Melbourne\, Victoria\, 3800\, Australia)\nThe new ligand
s imidazol-4-ylmethylene-aryl amine (4-imaAr\; Ar = Bp\, Fl) have been pre
pared by reaction of the aryl amine with imidazole-4-carboxaldehyde.[1\,2]
Reaction of the ligands with [Fe(H2O)6][ClO4]2 in MeOH or EtOH yields the
complexes\, [Fe(4-imaBp)3][ClO4]2⋅EtOH 1\, [Fe(4-imaBp)3][ClO4]2⋅2MeO
H 2\, [Fe(4-imaFl)3][ClO4]2 3\, and [Fe(4-imaFl)3][ClO4]2⋅3H2O 4. X-ray
crystallographic studies reveal strong C-H⋅⋅⋅π and hydrogen bonding
interactions or π-π interactions leading to high cooperativity. SQUID m
agnetic susceptibility studies show that spin crossover varies from gradua
l to abrupt with the spin transition occurring at temperatures from ca. 15
0 to 400 K. The substituent groups on the 4-ima ligand significantly impac
t the spin crossover characteristics.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.
au/event/12/contributions/268/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/268/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Chemical Crystallography at the Australian Synchrotron MX Beamline
s
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T033500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-267@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jason Price (Australian Synchrotron)\nThe single cry
stal diffraction beamlines\, Macromolecular Crystallography 1 and 2 (MX1 a
nd MX2) serve a wide range of experimental conditions and sample types. Wh
ile the bulk of the beamtime is allocated to the structural biology commun
ity there is a very active and successful chemical crystallography communi
ty that gains substantial befit from the use of synchrotron radiation. I w
ill highlight some of the fine work that has been carried out by this fiel
d as well as exploring beamline development projects that are of significa
nce to this community. In particular the successful deployment of the mini
-kappa goniometer on MX1 allowing convenient full sphere collections of lo
w symmetry structures\, and feedback on the testing of the Dectris\, Eiger
detector that was tested on MX2.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/e
vent/12/contributions/267/
LOCATION: NCSS Seminar Room
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/267/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Quick AS NEXAFS Tool (QANT): A program for NEXAFS loading and anal
ysis developed at the Australian Synchrotron
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-266@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Lars Thomsen (Australian Synchrotron)\nAn analysis p
rogram for Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) spectra has
been developed and implemented at the Soft X-ray beamline of the Australia
n Synchrotron. The program allows for rapid viewing of corrected data cha
nnels\, including normalizations to a standard\, double normalizations whe
re the standard itself has an undesired spectral response\, and background
subtraction. The program performs compositional analysis and peak fitting
and includes common calculations such as the average tilt angle of molecu
les with respect to the surface\, and the determination of the complex ind
ex of refraction. These functionalities make common data manipulations do
ne with NEXAFS data quick and straightforward. It greatly increases the th
roughput of NEXAFS analysis\, allowing routine analysis to occur as data i
s collected.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions
/266/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/266/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Electrically-cooled HPGe detector for advanced x-ray spectroscopy
and imaging
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-265@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Vlad Marian (Canberra France)\nThis paper describes
a novel High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector\, specifically designed to a
ddress the challenges of ultimate x-ray spectroscopy and imaging applicati
ons for synchrotrons.\n\nIt consists of a multichannel HPGe crystal (monol
ithic or individual elements) providing new and ultimate X-ray energy reso
lution level especially at high count rates (reaching 190eV at 6kev and 0.
1µs shaping time)\, and high throughput.\n\nThe crystals are cooled using
a state-of-the-art electrical cryocooler with active vibration cancellati
on. The use of a cryocooler does not have any negative impact on the detec
tor performance.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contribut
ions/265/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/265/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Dynamic Self-organisation of Gluconobacter oxydans in Three-Dimens
ional Electron-transferring Network
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-264@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Elena Ivanova (Swinburne Univeristy of Technology)\,
Vi Khanh Truong (School of Science\, Faculty of Science\, Engineering and
Technology\, Swinburne University of Technology)\, chris bhadra (swinburn
e university of technology)\nElectro-catalytic microorganisms are an essen
tial component in bioelectro-catalytic systems such as microbial fuel cell
s. *Gluconobacter oxydans* has been widely used in such applications. In t
his study\, we employed scanning electron microscopy\, confocal laser scan
ning microscopy and ultra-small angle neutron scattering to investigate th
e dynamic self-organisation of *G. oxydans* cells into a three dimensional
network within a hydrogel that had been constricted using linear poly(vin
yl alcohol) and the crosslinker N-vinyl pyrroliodne (VP) (PVA-VP). It was
found that the *G. oxydans* utilised the polymeric chains of the PVA-VP to
form micro-wires that were capable of transferring electrons. The *G. oxy
dans* cells formed short chains on the micro-wires over a period of one ho
ur\, followed by these short chains undergoing self-assembly to form a thr
ee-dimensional network of electron-transferring micro-wires. The formation
of this micro-wire network resulted in a twofold increase power generatio
n bring obtained. This discovery has the potential to lead to the developm
ent of new\, more efficient bioelectrocatalytic systems.\n\nhttps://events
01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/264/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/264/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Development of a synchrotron FTIR microspectroscopy approach to ev
aluate the efficacy of candidate multiple sclerosis therapeutics
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-263@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Phuc Dang (La Trobe University)\nThe sphingosine-1-p
hosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) is a target for the multiple sclerosis drug FT
Y720\, a functional antagonist causing sequestration of autoreactive immun
e cells. Conventional approaches with the experimental autoimmune encephal
omyelitis (EAE) model do not provide an overall index of drug efficacy\, h
ence the use of FTIR microspectroscopy. Experimental groups included vehic
le-only\, EAE+placebo (EAE+P) and EAE+FTY720 (EAE+FTY). Spinal cord grey (
gm) and white matter (wm) changes were evaluated and compared with data fr
om conventional techniques. Different profiles of tissue destruction and F
TY720-mediated damage prevention were documented. In gm\, spectra showed
significantly increased protein and lipid content in the EAE+P group relat
ive to controls\, in agreement with cellular infiltration. However the EAE
+FTY group showed significantly higher protein but lower lipid content rel
ative to the EAE+P group\, suggesting reduced infiltration\, but combined
with upregulation of repair pathways. In wm\, spectra showed significantly
lower protein\, but higher lipid content\, suggesting that protein and li
pid increases associated with cellular infiltration are exceeded by tissue
destruction. The EAE+FTY group showed significantly higher lipid content\
, but no significant protein difference with controls\, in agreement with
both reduced infiltration and tissue destruction. The complexity and size
of the acquired spectral data set warrants a multivariate approach to the
analysis. We are currently applying principal component analysis (PCA) wit
h the aim of building a model capable of further discriminating biochemica
l differences between the experimental groups for application to second-ge
neration S1PR1-targeted drugs.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/even
t/12/contributions/263/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/263/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Electric field and stress induced phase transformations in polycry
stalline BaTiO3
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-262@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Zhiyang Wang (School of Materials Science and Engine
ering\, UNSW Australia & The Powder Diffraction Beamline\, Australian Sync
hrotron)\nThis work presents in situ high-energy synchrotron x-ray diffrac
tion measurements on the polycrystalline BaTiO3 at temperatures above the
Curie point (TC) during application of unipolar electric fields and uniaxi
al compressive stresses. The experimental observations provide insights in
to the general paraelectric/paraelastic to ferroelectric/ferroelastic phas
e transition behaviors and have important implications for the future deve
lopment of high-strain lead-free electromechanical materials. The results
show the transitions from the high temperature cubic paraelectric/paraelas
tic phase to a ferroelectric/ferroelastic tetragonal phase induced by the
electric field and compressive stress. In both electrical and mechanical c
ases\, the nature of the observed transitions was influenced by the proxim
ity of the temperature to TC. With increasing temperature above TC\, the t
ransition electric field and stress both increased while the rate of trans
itions tended to decrease. At temperatures just above TC\, a nearly satura
ted domain texture existed within the induced phase at the maximum stress
(400 MPa) whereas the resultant tetragonal domain texture at the maximum e
lectric field (4 kV mm–1) was not saturated.\n\nhttps://events01.synchro
tron.org.au/event/12/contributions/262/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/262/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Resolving conflicts in the understanding of molecular adsorption:
benzonitrile on Si(001)
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-261@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Kane O'Donnell (Curtin University)\nNear-Edge X-ray
Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy is a powerful means of det
ermining the orientation of molecular moieties with respect to a substrate
. Still\, interpretation is challenging in the case of small molecules on
clean semiconductor surfaces. These surfaces are highly reactive and a typ
ical molecule can adsorb in many ways. A classic example is benzonitrile o
n Si(001) where scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) studies [1] disagree w
ith NEXAFS/photoemission studies [2] despite both being complemented by de
nsity functional theory calculations. \n\nHere we show how this confusion
arises as a function of molecular coverage. We use the Soft X-ray Spectros
copy beamline at the Australian Synchrotron to study the adsorption of ben
zonitrile at very low coverages (STM regime) using NEXAFS and photoemissio
n. Using density functional theory to simulate NEXAFS spectra\, it can be
shown that the low coverage adsorption structure is the cross-row tripod s
tructure found using STM\, whereas at higher coverages the surface is incr
easingly populated by the 2+2 cycloaddition structure with a free-standing
phenyl ring. Unlike our previous work with acetophenone [3]\, it is not p
ossible to induce the free-standing structure with mild annealing. Instead
\, we observe rapid molecular dissociation confirmed with STM measurements
at elevated temperatures. \n\n[1] Belcher\, et al\, JACS 134\, 15312 (201
2)\n[2] Rangan\, et al\, Phys Rev B 71\, 165318 (2005)\n[3] O'Donnell\, et
al\, J Phys Condens Matter 27\, 054002 (2015)\n\nhttps://events01.synchro
tron.org.au/event/12/contributions/261/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/261/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Recent Developments in MRT at IMBL
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151125T003000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151125T005000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-260@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jayde Livingstone (Australian Synchrotron)\nMicrobea
m radiation therapy (MRT) is a preclinical treatment modality utilising me
dium energy x-rays from a third generation synchrotron source. The x-rays
are collimated into parallel beams which are typically 25-100 µm wide wit
h a pitch of 10-400 µm. Spatial fractionation of the beam allows the deli
very of high doses with preferential damage to cancerous tissue and sparin
g of surrounding radiosensitive normal tissues. \n\nA dedicated MRT system
designed for preclinical small animal trials was installed and commission
ed in Hutch 2B of the Imaging and Medical Beamline in April 2015. The syst
em consists of a vertical multislit collimator made from tungsten with 50
µm slits and pitch of 400 µm\, two thin silicon beam monitors for monito
ring dose rate upstream and downstream of the collimator and stage with in
tegrated conformal mask array and visual positioning system.\n\nDuring com
missioning\, dosimetry studies were conducted with the aim of developing d
osimetry and treatment protocols. Broadbeam dosimetry has been performed o
n the new system using gafchromic film\, various ionisation chambers and d
iamond detector to compare detector responses in various size and shaped f
ields. Good agreement was found between detectors for a reference field\,
and between solid and liquid water phantoms. Microbeam dosimetry has also
been performed to characterise the vertical multislit collimator. The thin
silicon beam monitors have been characterised and have also been tested w
ith the Patient Safety System which is under development. In this presenta
tion\, the updates to MRT on IMBL will be discussed and dosimetry results
presented.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/2
60/
LOCATION: Conference Rooms
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/260/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:100 nm 3D Laue Diffraction Technique for Ultra-High Spatial and St
rain Resolution Combined with Versatile Analytical Probes
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T034500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T040500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-258@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Ching-Shun Ku (National Synchrotron Radiation Resear
ch Center)\nThis beamline is one of the phase-I projects for Taiwan Photon
Source (TPS). Construction of the beamline will complete before July 2015
and commissioning for optics and end-station will follow. The beamline is
dedicated to white/mono-beam Laue diffraction for structural analysis. Fo
r instance\, users could obtain the 2D and 3D distribution of phases\, ori
entation\, residual strain\, stress\, and dislocations for materials in a
complex form without destructing the samples during measurement. The estim
ated spatial resolution could be better than 100x100x50 nm.Furthermore\, t
his end-station provided many complementary tools. Quadro-probe stages col
lect optical\, electrical\, surface properties of specimens\; the fluores
cence detector provides elemental information and the cryo-stage integrate
d with heater for temperature dependence experiments. Particularly\, it is
also the first time in synchrotron history to integrate an online real-ti
me scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as a navigator. With spatial resolut
ion down to 4 nm\, it is able to find out the interest region with tiny st
ructure on samples and arrange the position for different probes.This end-
station can function either in vacuum or ambient environments depending on
the user’s demands. The station mounts an adjustment structure and sett
les on an active vibration cancellation optical table which minimizes the
vibration level.\n In summary\, this beamline and end-station will prov
ide not only 2D/3D-XRD but also XRF\, XAS\, XEOL/CL\, SPM and SEM informat
ion for diverse research programs. The end-station is scheduled to open to
user in early 2016.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contr
ibutions/258/
LOCATION: Conference Rooms
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/258/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:New Insight into the Metal-to-Insulator Transition in Vanadium Dio
xide.
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T034500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-257@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Kevin Smith (University of Auckland)\nThe metal-insu
lator transition (MIT) in VO2 is of both fundamental and technical interes
t\, the former due to important questions about its origins\, and the latt
er due to possible applications in electronic devices such as ultrafast op
tical switches and field effect transistors. In bulk VO2\, a large struct
ural distortion accompanies the conductivity transition from the metallic
(rutile) to the insulating (monoclinic) phase\, which is known to impose a
significant bottleneck on the timescale of the transition. Recently\, th
e ability to control the transition temperature of the MIT in VO2 through
nanoscale engineering via mechanical stress has heralded renewed interest
in the potential application of VO2 as a novel functional material. \n
I will present the results of photoemission\, x-ray emission\, resonant i
nelastic x-ray scattering\, x-ray absorption\, low energy electron microsc
opy\, and photoelectron microscopy studies of the MIT in strained VO2 thin
films. Our results reveal that the MIT may be driven towards a purely el
ectronic transition\, (i.e. one which does not involve a structural transi
tion)\, by the application of mechanical strain. Our measurements have im
portant implications for novel functional material engineering of VO2\, su
ggesting a route towards circumventing the structural bottleneck in the ul
trafast timescale of the MIT.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event
/12/contributions/257/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/257/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Formation of surface U(V) by reduction of Ca-U-Carbonate complexes
with nanoscale zero-valent iron
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-256@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Sergey Tsarev (UNSW)\nWhile nanoscale zero-valent ir
on (nZVI) has the potential to be used as a permeable reactive barrier for
the remediation of uranium-contaminated groundwaters\, there remains some
uncertainty regarding the processes of uranium immobilization and the nat
ure of the precipitated phase(s). In this study the reduction of aqueous C
a-U(VI)-carbonate complexes by fresh\, aged and corroded nZVI particles re
presenting particles with three types of oxide shells were investigated at
circumneutral pH. XAS\, XPS and kinetic studies were applied to obtain in
formation about the structural and chemical composition of the uranium–c
ontaining reaction products. Kinetic experiments demonstrated quick uraniu
m removal by all types of nanoparticles with the uranium removal rate prop
ortional to the extent of iron oxide layer formaton indicating that the fi
rst stage is sorption onto iron oxide (magnetite) surface sites\, followed
by reduction by the zero-valent iron core. The final oxidation state of u
ranium depended on the mass ratio between iron and uranium. At 1:1 mass ra
tio uranium formed nanosized uraninite particles\, while surface U(V) comp
lexes were formed at higher iron loadings. U(VI)CaCO3 complexes were reduc
ed more slowly than binary U(VI)CO3 complexes. We observed that the format
ion of U(V) complexes occurred only in presence of carbonate\, which can b
e attributed to the stabilisation of surface U(V) by carbonate. Based on U
and Fe EXAFS results structures for the U(V) complexes were proposed.\n\n
https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/256/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/256/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Investigating extreme states of matter by x-ray absorption spectro
scopy
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151125T224500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151125T233000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-255@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Sakura Pascarelli (European Synchrotron Radiation Fa
cility)\nThe last decades have witnessed an unprecedented surge in the stu
dy of matter and materials at extreme values of pressure\, temperature\, a
nd magnetic field. The fundamental importance of this research stems from
the fact that such extreme conditions can deeply modify chemical bonds and
induce myriad changes in materials. Many breakthroughs have been achieved
at synchrotrons worldwide\, in fields ranging from Earth and planetary sc
iences to fundamental physics\, chemistry and materials research\, and eve
n in the life sciences where questions on life and biological function und
er extreme conditions have been studied. \nThe European Synchrotron Radiat
ion Facility is approaching the end of the Phase I of its upgrade program.
One of the first upgrade beamlines to become operational has been designe
d to provide state-of-the-art conditions to perform time resolved and extr
eme conditions x-ray absorption spectroscopy. The strategy exploits the mi
cron size focal spot to reduce the interaction zone\, the high flux and th
e fast acquisition scheme to reduce the interaction time\, and ultimately
to drastically reduce the energy needed to reach extreme thermodynamical s
tates. \nTarget experiments for the coming years include kinetic studies o
f chemical reactions at high pressure and temperature\, and investigation
of extreme states of matter that can be maintained only over very short pe
riods of time. Preliminary data will be shown from the first attempts to p
robe the electronic and local structure in melts at high pressures and in
laser-shocked matter.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/cont
ributions/255/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/255/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:SAXS Investigation of SiO2 Nano-Pore Membranes
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T040500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T042500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-254@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Andrea Hadley (ANU)\nMembranes with nano-sized pores
are ideal for many advanced applications including bio-sensing\, filtrat
ion processes\, nano-fluidics\, nano-electronic and nano-optic devices. To
effectively realise these applications\, pores with controlled shapes and
narrow size distributions are needed. Irradiation with high energy heavy
ions and subsequent chemical etching can be used to form highly uniform na
no-porous membranes in a variety of materials\, including polymers like po
lycarbonate\, PET and polyimide\, and in solid state materials such as sil
icon dioxide (SiO2 ). SiO2 membranes can be integrated with routine semic
onductor fabrication processes\, and they exhibit superior thermal stabili
ty compared to polymer membranes. We are currently developing a technology
for controlled fabrication of nano-pore membranes using 0.5-2 μm thin Si
O2 layers. Freestanding membranes were irradiated with 185 MeV Au ions an
d etched in dilute HF solution\, preferentially etching the radiation dama
ge to form the pores. SAXS\, in combination with advanced Monte-Carlo (MC)
simulation techniques\, provides an ideal method for characterisation of
the complex pore structures formed in SiO2 . These structures can exhibit
conical or double conical shapes\, depending on the etching conditions. Co
mpared to cross-sectional transmission and scanning electron microscopy\,
SAXS in combination with MC simulations enables a more accurate reconstruc
tion of the size and shape of the pores\, taking advantage of superior sta
tistics since a large number of pores may be measured simultaneously. This
information is essential for development of the membrane technology.\n\nh
ttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/254/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/254/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Oxidative disintigration of greigite (Fe3S4): New insights from XA
S
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T040500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T042500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-253@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Ellen Moon (Southern Cross University)\nGreigite (Fe
3S4) is a ferrimagnetic iron sulfide mineral\, containing both Fe(II) and
Fe(III) centres. There is ongoing debate over the role of greigite in sedi
mentary settings\, especially acid sulfate soils: its partially oxidised n
ature has traditionally been seen as indicative of a metastable intermedia
te in low temperature sulfide mineralization\, however others have found g
reigite to be a distinct end-member that forms under partially oxic (or os
cillating redox) conditions. From a thermodynamic perspective it should ha
ve limited stability with respect to pH and dissolved sulfur activity\, ye
t has been identified in natural sediments of up to a few million years ol
d.\n\nThe iron sulfides are an important sink and potential source for met
als in contaminated environments. Understanding the oxidative transformati
on of greigite is vital for understanding contaminant release and sequestr
ation. \n\nWe present a study into the oxidation of greigite under aqueous
conditions. The effects of solution pH\, Cl- and SO42- concentrations are
examined with respect to transformation kinetics\, mineralogy of the oxid
ation products\, and the relationship between Fe and S oxidation (using X-
ray absorption spectroscopy). The results of this study provide new insigh
ts into the role and longevity of greigite in natural sediments and will u
nderpin new remediation strategies for acid sulfate soils\, while also add
ing to our understanding of the geochemical cycling of Fe and S.\n\nhttps:
//events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/253/
LOCATION: Conference Rooms
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/253/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Structural Changes Induced by Uniaxial Deformation and Photodegrad
ation in Low Density Polyethylene
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-252@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Chris Garvey (ANSTO)\nIn previous work we have used
synchrotron based small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and a transform of t
he radially averaged SAXS data\, the linear correlation function (LCF)1\,
to study the structural changes in the semi-crystalline lamellae of low de
nsity polyethylene (PE) during photo-oxidative degradation2. Typical SAXS
patterns consisted of decay with a superposed broad diffraction feature i
ndicative of the semi-crystalline lamellae. Key parameters extracted from
the transformation of data into the LCF were the lamellar spacing\, relat
ive volumes of crystalline and amorphous regions in the lamellar region. I
n this work we use the LCF of data sector averaged in a direction parallel
and normal to the direction of tensile deformation to characterise the st
ructural changes in low-density PE during uniaxial tensile deformation fro
m in-situ synchrotron SAXS measurements from both as provided and samples
subject to controlled degradation. As provided samples show a region of t
he tensile curve where the lamellar structure is deformed elastically and
a region of plastic deformation where there is considerable deformation of
the semi-crystalline lamellar structure. The photo-degraded material show
s an elastic deformation of the lamellae before failure.\n\n1. Goderis\
, B.\; Reynaers\, H.\; Koch\, M. H. J.\; Mathot\, V. B. F.\, Journal of P
olymer Science Part B-Polymer Physics 1999\, 37 (14)\, 1715-1738.\n2. H
su\, Y. C.\; Weir\, M. P.\; Truss\, R. W.\; Garvey\, C. J.\; Nicholson\, T
. M.\; Halley\, P. J.\, Polymer 2012\, 53 (12)\, 2385-2393.\n\nhttps://ev
ents01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/252/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/252/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Applications of Synchrotron FT-IR secondary structure determinatio
n using the amide III region to protein based bioplastics
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T025000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-251@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Johan Verbeek (University of Waikato)\nBulk proteina
ceous feedstocks used for bioplastic production are often insoluble and ma
y already be denatured but retain some secondary structural features. The
amide I region is commonly used for secondary structure estimation\, but c
an be subject to interference from processing aids used to convert protein
s into thermoplastics. The amide III region is much weaker but also sensit
ive to secondary structure change.\n\nSynchrotron IR sources give a very g
ood signal to noise ratio at small spatial resolutions enabling analysis o
f the amide III region. A method of estimating relative changes in seconda
ry structure using the inverted second derivative has been developed to ov
ercome the influence of subjective baseline corrections across the multipl
e spectra collected in spatial maps or time resolved heating experiments.
In the context of dried blood as a proteinaceous feedstock\, this method s
uccessfully predicts a much higher β-sheet content and reduced α-helical
content in blood that has been thermally denatured and aggregated than fo
r lyophilised BSA or spray dried haemoglobin\, which retain more of their
native structure.\n\nMapping secondary structure distribution in bioplasti
cs made from these proteins showed significant structural rearrangement af
ter extrusion. Even with plasticisers\, conformational change towards incr
eased ordered structure occurred at typical processing temperatures\, not
just on cooling from the melt. The rapidity with which good quality\, high
signal-to-noise spectra can be collected\, suggests kinetic data could al
so be obtained.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributi
ons/251/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/251/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Biomimetic antibacterial surfaces - fatty acid molecular packing a
nd surface topology on HOPG by grazing incidence diffraction
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T042500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T044500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-250@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Chris Garvey (ANSTO)\nThe distinctive topology on th
e wings of some insects may provide a physical anti-bacterial action based
on the penetration of the cell wall/membrane and the disruption of the in
tegrity of the intra-cellular solution. Surfaces which mimic the topology
of the insect anti-bacterial surface may be produced by the crystallizati
on of fatty acid molecules on a highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) s
ubstrate. Based on the nature of the chains which pack on the surface\, d
ifferent topologies may be produced. In this study we use synchrotron gra
zing incidence x-ray diffraction (GID) to understand the packing of molecu
les on the surface and their preferred orientation. The work indicates th
e potential of GID investigations to provide an understanding on the relat
ionship between crystal growth on the surface and the topology of the resu
ltant surface.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributio
ns/250/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/250/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Construction status of PAL-XFEL
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-249@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Seungnam Kim (Pohang Accelerator Laboratory)\nThe PA
L-XFEL project was launched construction at the Pohang Accelerator Laborat
ory\, Korea in April 2011\, with the planned user service of 2017. PAL-XFE
L will provides FEL beams over the energy range of 250 eV to 20.4 keV usin
g the fundamental\, with the pulse energies of at ~1 mJ depending on the p
ulse duration and photon energy. We will present the current construction
status of PAL-XFEL including accelerator and beamlines (HX1\, SX1) and the
focused scientific programs.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event
/12/contributions/249/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/249/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:The effect of ordering of conductive polymer (pEDOT) on the conduc
tivity in composites and the stage of manufacturing at which ordering occu
rs
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T025000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-248@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: David Mayevsky (Monash University)\nSome conducting
polymer composites have shown counterintuitive increases in conductivity w
ith increased quantities of incorporated non-conducting polymer (NCP). For
example the conductivity of pEDOT\, as a function of volume fraction of
NCP\, paradoxically increases for up to 70% volume fraction of PEG\, howev
er this is distinct to what is being observed for pEDOT:gelatin composites
which follows percolation theory in its conductivity trend. GIWAXS measur
ements were made on the SAXS/WAXS beamline at the Australian Synchrotron t
o investigate the effects of adding varying quantities of NCP on the packi
ng of the conducting polymer in the composite thin films. In-situ GIWAXS w
as used to explore the stages of pEDOT composite film manufacture at which
ordering occurs.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contribu
tions/248/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/248/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Cu5-xMnxSbO6 Raman and Infrared S
pectroscopy Investigations
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-247@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Daniel Jeremy Wilson (The University of Auckland)\nT
he large crystallographic and chemical diversity of copper-based metal oxi
des is one of their highlighting features and cause for pursuit into coppe
r based material research. An interesting feature seen in copper based met
al oxides is the coexistence of different copper oxidation states in diffe
rent crystallographic positions. This can lead to a mixture of magneticall
y active Cu2+ and magnetically inactive Cu1+ within the same compound\, wi
th different structural motifs. One interesting compound that demonstrates
this coexistence of mixed copper oxidation states is Cu5-xMnxSbO6 which c
rystallises in a modified Delafossite structure type (CuFeO2). Here\, the
magnetically active brucite-like CuO2 layer was diluted in an ordered fash
ion with non-magnetic Sb5+. These layers were separated by linearly coordi
nated\, magnetically inactive Cu1+\, with two modifications\, which depend
ed on the stacking of the layers being ordered or disordered. Additionally
\, manganese was used as a dopant in order to replace the copper in the oc
tahedral layers. \n\nPrevious investigations with solid-state Raman spectr
oscopy showed a reversible pressure-induced phase transition at room tempe
rature for the ordered modification. This was not observed for the disorde
red modification. With synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction there was an o
bserved increase in the reflections\, attributed to the disordered modific
ation in the ordered modification’s diffraction pattern\, when substitut
ing manganese into the structure. Therefore\, we investigated the nature o
f this phase transition with Raman and infrared spectroscopy\, and how the
effect manganese has on the two modifications influences this phase trans
ition.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/247/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/247/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Dual Energy X-ray Analysis Using Synchrotron Computed Tomography a
t 30–100 keV
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151125T041000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151125T043000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-246@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: stewart midgley (Adjunct Research Associate)\nDual e
nergy X-ray analysis (DEXA) uses computed tomography (CT) measurements at
two photon energies to characterise the density and composition of materia
ls. Results are expressed as the electron density (*Ne*) and fourth statis
tical moment (*R4*) describing the elemental composition similar to the co
ncept of effective atomic number. The accuracy of the technique was invest
igated for liquid samples of known density and composition\; aqueous ethan
ol and salt solutions.\n\nCT scans were conducted with near mono-energetic
radiation of 30 to 100 keV. The radiation dose delivered by each scan was
4-9 mGy\, approximately 50% of that for medical CT. Reconstruction used f
iltered back projection with a ramp filter to 0.2 mm pixel size. For indiv
idual slices the noise to signal ratio (NSR) was 3.2-8.4%. Analysis used t
he mean of 40 summed slices with an NSR of 0.8-1.9%.\n\nThe measurements w
ere combined to obtain coefficients describing the compositional dependenc
e of elemental cross-sections. DEXA considered all 34 materials and 45 per
mutations of beam energies separated by 5 keV to 70 keV. The difference be
tween DEXA results and true values improved with wider energy separations
reaching approximately 0.5% (one standard deviation) for separations 20 ke
V or more. Propagation of errors analysis was employed to quantify contrib
utions from random and systematic errors\, accounting for the observed acc
uracy of the technique. The applications for DEXA are sample characterisat
ion and predicting interaction coefficients at other photon energies for a
ttenuation correction and radiation dosimetry calculations.\n\nhttps://eve
nts01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/246/
LOCATION: Conference Rooms
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/246/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Study of the precipitation strengthening in Mg-Sn-Zn alloy using s
ynchrotron radiation
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-245@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Ehsan Bahrami Motlagh (Institute for Frontier Materi
als\, Deakin University)\nIn this work\, SAXS/WAXS and powder diffraction
beamlines at the Australian synchrotron were employed to study the mechan
ical response of an Mg-Sn-Zn alloy. First\, volume fraction and particle
size of 〖Mg〗_2 Sn precipitates as a function of aging time (0h\, 2h\,
4h\, 10h\, 24h) at 〖200〗^oC was evaluated using small angle x-ray scat
tering (SAXS). Then the corresponding samples were deformed in-situ using
the powder diffraction beamline to determine internal strains and deformat
ion mode activity. 〖Mg〗_2 Sn precipitates were found to provide a str
ong electronic density contrast and thus act as strong X-Ray scatterers\,
which is ideal for SAXS. The SAXS data were analysed assuming spherical pr
ecipitate morphology to yield the size distribution and volume fraction.
Elastic strains were determined to an accuracy of ±2×〖10〗^(-4). Rela
xation of internal stresses (indicated by internal strain measurements) we
re used to determine the onset of basal slip. Intensity changes were used
to mark the onset of twinning. The results show a good correlation between
precipitate volume fractions and onset of plasticity. Internal stresses w
ithin the precipitates reveal negligible influences of back-stresses. Thes
e findings provide important insight into the mechanism of strengthening\n
\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/245/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/245/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Synthesis and structural characterisation of cadmium dithiocarbama
te ionic liquids
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T025000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-244@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Lauren Macreadie (Monash University)\nCadmium dithio
carbamate complexes\, [Cd(S2CNR2)2]\, have found application as precursors
for cadmium sulfide (CdS) thin film development and subsequent incorporat
ion into photovoltaic devices. However\, their dimeric nature limits their
solubility in green\, organic solvents commonly used in solution depositi
on routes to thin film formation.[1] To increase the solubility of [Cd(S2
CNR2)2] complexes\, a series of monomeric cadmium dithiocarbamate salts we
re synthesised and structurally characterised using synchrotron X-ray diff
raction. \nThe cadmium dithiocarbamate anions\, [Cd(S2CNR2)3]−\, are cha
rge balanced by ammonium counter ions which include tetramethylammonium (M
e4N)\, tetrapropylammonium (Pr4N)\, 1-propyl-3-methylimidazolium (C3mim) a
nd 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium (C4C1py). The latter two counter ions are
known to form ionic liquids\, due to their assymmetry and poor crystal pa
cking abilities\, and when used allowed the formation of cadmium dithiocar
bamate ionic liquids. The C3mim[Cd(S2CNR2)3] compounds were room temperatu
re ionic liquids\, while the C4C1py[Cd(S2CNR2)3] compounds were crystallin
e materials at room temperature and melted at temperatures below 100°C.
Investigation of the overall crystal packing arrangement of these structur
es allowed for better understanding of their thermal properties in the sol
id state\, in particular the formation of ionic liquids using the C3mim an
d C4C1py cations\, in contrast to the tetraalkylammonium cations. All comp
ounds showed a higher solubility in common laboratory solvents and therefo
re can be deemed as viable precursors towards CdS thin film formation usin
g solution deposition processes. \n\n1. Knapp\, C. E.\; Carmalt\, C. J.
Chem. Soc. Rev. 2016.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/con
tributions/244/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/244/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Supramolecular interactions in organoamidoplatinum(II) anticancer
compound
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-243@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Ruchika Ojha (student)\nThe investigation of the cry
stal packing of organoamidoplatinum(II) [Pt(p-YC6F4)NCH2CH2NR'2(py)X] (Y =
H\, F\, Br\; R'= Et or Me\; X = Cl\, Br\, I) anticancer compounds show s
upramolecular interactions in the solid state which include intermolecular
H bonding and π-π interactions.\n\nThe supramolecular interactions main
ly depend on the nature of the alkyl groups (methyl/ethyl) present on the
amine N. The crystal packing is similar for the compounds having same alky
l groups if a small substituent (H or F) is in the para position of the po
lyfluoroaryl ring\, but the presence of bulky substituent like Br in the
para position of the polyfluoroaryl ring changes the crystal packing. Due
to the difference in crystal packing\, H-bonding is slightly different for
–NEt2 and –NMe2 compounds.\n![enter image description here][1]\n\n\n
[1]: https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/33905914/AOFSAR.tif\n\nFigure 1.
X-ray crystal structure of Pt{(p-HC6F4)NCH2CH2NEt2}Cl(py)] (a) showing as
ymmetric unit. Hydrogen atoms are omitted for clarity and thermal ellipsoi
ds are displayed at the 50% probability level. (b) showing H…F bonding (
c) showing unit cell with H-bonding and π-π interactions between the pol
yfluoroaryl ring planes and between the pyridine planes.\n\nhttps://events
01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/243/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/243/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Amyloid Fibril Morphology: Relevance to Disease and Materials Scie
nce
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151125T003000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151125T005000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-242@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Nicholas Reynolds (Swinburne University of Technolog
y)\nAmyloid fibrils are implicated in over 20 neurodegenerative diseases.
The mechanisms of fibril structuring and formation are not only of medical
and biological importance but are also relevant for material science and
nanotechnologies due to the unique structural and physical properties of a
myloids. We found that hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL)\, homologous to the d
isease-related human lysozyme\, can form left-handed giant amyloid ribbons
\, closing into nanotubes. To obtain an improved understanding of the mole
cular processes that underpin fibril assembly we identified an amyloidogen
ic peptide from HEWL and with a combination of nanoscale analytical techni
ques we were able to follow its assembly. These results will improve our u
nderstanding of structure-function relationships of amyloids in relation t
o neurodegenerative disease and materials science. \n\nUsing matrix-assis
ted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry analysis\, we identified
a peptide sequence\, which drives amyloid formation in HEWL\, namely the
ILQINS hexapeptide. By combining atomic force microscopy\, circular dichro
ism and synchrotron based small angle X-ray scattering\, we found that thi
s fragment\, also forms amyloid fibril structures\, with rapid assembly ki
netics. Additionally\, all fibrillar structures formed possessed an unexpe
cted right-handed twist\, a rare chirality within the corpus of amyloid ex
perimental observations. We confirm by wide-angle X-ray scattering and mol
ecular dynamics simulations that these fibrils are composed of conventiona
l left-handed β-sheets\, but that packing stresses between adjacent sheet
s created this unusual chirality. We also show that the right-handed fibri
ls represent a metastable state present before the formation of β-sheet-b
ased microcrystals.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contri
butions/242/
LOCATION: NCSS Seminar Room
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/242/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:A Comparison of the Measurement of Protein Solutions on a MetalJet
Equipped Laboratory SAXS Instrument and a Synchrotron Beamline
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-241@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Matthew Rowles (Curtin University)\nSFPQ is a protei
n that suppresses tumours in humans. Two samples were prepared from the sa
me batch and frozen until just prior to measurement. Traditionally the inv
estigation of protein solutions has been limited to synchrotron facilities
\, though more recently instruments making use of microfocus rotating anod
es have allowed more measurements to be made in the laboratory. One sample
was measured on a Bruker AXS Nanostar using the MetalJet X-Ray source fro
m Excillum\, the latest generation of x-ray generators for laboratories. T
he MetalJet X-Ray source makes use of a pressurised liquid metal anode cap
able of withstanding a high power electron beam and the resulting x-ray be
am is much brighter than conventional sources. The SAXS instrument was fur
ther equipped with long Montel multiæayer mirrors and home-built "scatter
less" slits. While rotating anode sources often require at least 30 minute
s of collection time for scattering curves from weakly scattering biomolec
ular solutions the MetalJet data presented here were collected in 1 minute
. While this is still significantly longer than what is required at synchr
otron facilities it represents a major improvement on current generation l
aboratory instruments. The new SAXS facilities in Western Australia will p
rovide the user community with access to a larger range of experiments and
also help in generating preliminary data for experiments that specificall
y require synchrotron access.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event
/12/contributions/241/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/241/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:XANES Study of Fe and Ti cations in Blue Sapphires
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-240@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Nirawat Thammajak (Synchrotron Light Research Instit
ute (SLRI)\, Thailand)\nX-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) ca
n be used to study oxidation state of dilute system such as transition-met
al defect in solid-state samples. In blue sapphire\, Fe and Ti are key ele
ments that caused the blue colour. Inter-valence charge transfer (IVCT) be
tween Fe2+ and Ti4+ has been proposed to describe the optical colour's ori
gin. However\, existence of the divalent iron cations has not been thoroug
hly investigated. Fluorescent XANES is therefore employed to study K-edge
absorptions of Fe and Ti cations in various blue sapphire samples\, includ
ing\, natural\, synthetic\, diffused and heat-treated sapphires. All the s
amples showed Fe absorption edge at 7124 eV\, corresponding to Fe3+ state\
; and Ti at 4984 eV\, corresponding to Ti4+. Fe\, Ti\, and other metal cat
ions in the samples were determined qualitatively by synchrotron X-ray flu
orescence spectroscopy (XRF) before the XANES experiments.\n\nhttps://even
ts01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/240/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/240/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Phase Separation in PEDOT:Gelatin Composites Revealed by Synchrotr
on-FTIR-based Grazing Incidence Reflection (S-FTIR GIR)
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-239@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jitraporn (Pimm) Vongsvivut (Australian Synchrotron)
\nConducting polymers (CPs) have emerged and been subject of an intense re
search for a new generation of electronic devices due to their high conduc
tivity and a number of promising optical properties that come with their l
ight-weight\, high flexibility\, and solution-processible properties\, mak
ing them versatile for a diverse range of applications. In particular\, po
ly(3\,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and its composites have been widel
y studied as a potential new material in bioelectronics and tissue enginee
ring due to their good biocompatibility and excellent chemical stability.\
n\nIn this study\, we investigated the molecular interaction and the distr
ibution of gelatin that was incorporated into PEDOT films *via* vapour pha
se polymerization at different ratios\, using synchrotron-FTIR-based grazi
ng incidence reflection (S-FTIR GIR) technique. While previous cyclic volt
ammetry studies indicated no change in electrochemical properties of PEDOT
in PEDOT:gelatin composites\, S-FTIR GIR maps interestingly revealed the
increasing degree of phase separation in the composite domains as the rati
o of gelatin increased (Fig.1). This is the first time that the phase sepa
ration in PEDOT:gelatin composites was observed and proved experimentally.
\n\n![Fig.1: Visible images (left) and the corresponding S-FTIR GIR maps (
right) of PEDOT:gelatin composites at two different ratios obtained using
15x grazing angle objective. The plot intensity was based on the integrate
d area of the band centred at 1280 cm-1 (i.e. thiophene ring stretches).][
1]\n\n[1]: https://owncloud.synchrotron.org.au/index.php/s/odQ8JY0Qt2RKJFh
\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/239/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/239/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:24h with a pixel detector - assessment of a Dectris 1M EIGER unit
on loan to MX2
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151125T005000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151125T011000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-238@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Daniel Eriksson (Australian Synchrotron)\, David Ara
gao (Australian Synchrotron)\, Tom Caradoc-Davies (Australian Synchrotron.
)\nThe EIGER series of hybrid photon detectors constitute an interesting a
lternative to the more established Pilatus technology. As a means to asses
s their potential\, Dectris kindly lent the Australian Synchrotron their s
mallest unit for a short period\, to be tested at a range of beamlines. Th
e EIGER has a range of properties suitable for deployment at an MX beamlin
e such as kilohertz frame rate\; no read-out noise\; very low point-spread
function\; and continuous readout with 3 µs dead-time. Here we present t
he findings of working with this detector during a 24 hour window on MX2.
Preliminary data suggest that the unit is suitable for high frame-rate\, f
ine-sliced\, shutterless data collection for PX and CX with a merging R-fa
ctor on par with our current setup. With a temporary and unoptimized insta
llation\, our insulin test crystals could be solved by trivial molecular r
eplacement from data collected at 13 keV at 10 Hz to 200 Hz using 200 degr
ees oscillation keeping the dose constant. At 8 keV\, 200 degrees of data
was enough for S-SAD phasing. Overall impressions are positive\, and any c
oncerns that a pixel detector can be installed and commissioned on MX2 in
a timely manner have been allayed.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/
event/12/contributions/238/
LOCATION: Conference Rooms
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/238/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Photoemission study on local phase transition of MoTe2
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-237@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jaeyoon Baik (Pohang Accelerator Laboratory\, South
Korea)\nWe investigate local phase transition of MoTe2 using scanning phot
oemission electron spectroscopy. In spite of many effort of realizing ohmi
c-contacted heterostuctures between 2-dimensional atomic materials\, inher
ent limitation in the transfer method or chemical doping method\, such as
impurities\, inhomogeneous junction and so on\, has not allowed true ohmic
contact due to a large interface resistance. In this work\, phase transit
ion from the 2H to 1T' phase in MoTe2 was driven by laser-irradiation\, wh
ere this system allow us clean homogeneous homojunction ohmic contact betw
een semiconducting 2H- and metallic 1T'-MoTe2 with low interface resistanc
e. Here we verified the laser irradiation induced the phase transition by
analyzing the Mo and Te 3d core-level spectrum on each micron-domain area.
\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/237/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/237/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Construction status of hard x-ray beamline at PAL-XFEL
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-236@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jaehyun Park (Pohang Accelerator Laboratory)\nPohang
Accelerator Laboratory X-ray Free Electron Laser (PAL-XFEL) is planning t
o finish the construction by the end of this year. The light source will p
rovide ultra-bright (assuming 1 x 10$^{12}$ photons/pulse at 12.4 KeV) and
ultra-short (10-60 femtosecond) X-ray pulses. The HEH2 (Hard x-ray Experi
mental Hutch 2) is mainly focused on the serial femtosecond crystallograph
y (SFX) for macromolecular systems and coherent diffraction imaging (CDI)
for bio specimens and nano structures etc. In this poster\, we describe th
e details of the beamline layout\, optical components\, focusing optics (K
irkpatrick-Baez mirror and Beryllium CRLs)\, liquid phase sample injector
and other components that will be installed at the HEH2.\n\nhttps://events
01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/236/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/236/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:A study of beam stability improvements delivered by a monochromato
r upgrade to the Australian Synchrotron MX2 beamline
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-235@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Daniel Eriksson (Australian Synchrotron)\, David Ara
gao (Australian Synchrotron)\, Tom Caradoc-Davies (Australian Synchrotron.
)\nMX2 is an in-vacuum undulator based crystallography beamline at the 3 G
eV Australian Synchrotron. The beamline delivers hard x-rays in the energy
range from 5.5 - 21 KeV to a focal spot at the sample position of ~15 mic
rons FWHM. At 13 KeV the flux at the sample is typically 2.0 x 10^12 ph/se
c. This beamline is ideal for weakly-diffracting\, hard-to-crystallise pro
teins\, viruses\, protein assemblies and nucleic acids as well as smaller
molecules such as inorganic catalysts and organic drug molecules. However\
, as a decrease in beam size generally has positive effect on smaller crys
tals or disordered larger crystals the beam vibration can have an effect i
n beam position with consequent decrease in data quality. These considerat
ions are particularly true for small crystals such as from GPCRs or grown
by the lipidic cubic phase methodologies where wedges of data from multipl
e crystals is required to build a complete set of data. A description of t
he latest upgrade on the monochromator including a pre- and post upgrade b
eam vibration analysis is presented. The results show a more robust beamli
ne to both external vibrations as well as reduce intrinsic vibration.\n\nh
ttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/235/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/235/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:TPS-05A1 Protein Microcrystallography Beamline at the National Syn
chrotron Radiation Research Center
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-233@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Chun-Hsiang Huang (National Synchrotron Radiation Re
search Center)\nThe routine use of synchrotron radiation for single crysta
l diffraction study in the past decades has revolutionized macromolecular
structural biology. However\, crystals of important macromolecules\, such
as membrane proteins and viruses\, are usually small in sizes and have poo
r diffraction quality. Advances in synchrotron radiation sources\, detecto
rs\, and software are necessary to tackle these challenging problems. This
beamline aims to provide such a tool for difficult structures as well as
routine data collection. The X-ray source of TPS-05A1 is a three meters lo
ng in-vacuum undulator (IU22)\, producing a high-brilliant X-ray beam. The
X-rays are monochromated by a liquid-nitrogen-cooling Si double-crystal m
onochromator\, and focused by a pair of Kirkpatrick–Baez mirrors. The fo
cused beam size at the sample is 50 μm (H) x 20 μm (V) with a photon flu
x of 6 x 10^12 photons/s. Apertures are used to collimate the beam in the
range of 50–5 μm. The beam divergence at the sample is less than 500 μ
rad (H) and 100 μrad (V)\, and the energy range is from 5.7 to 20 keV (wa
velength 2.175-0.62 Å). TPS-05A1 will be equipped with a high speed CCD a
rea detector and a robotic sample changer for automatically sample mountin
g and centering\, making the data acquisition more efficient. The optional
mini-κ goniometer of the high precision micro-diffractometer enables cry
stal reorientation for challenging experiments. The design and constructin
g status of this beamline is given in this article.\n\nhttps://events01.sy
nchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/233/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/233/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Incorporation of N-heterocyclic carbene moieties into MOFs
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-232@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Patrick Capon (The University of Adelaide)\nMetal-or
ganic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of porous materials that can be synthe
sised through judicious combination of metal salts and organic linkers. MO
Fs are constructed from a bottom up approach\, where variation of the star
ting materials can yield a vast array of structures with varying pore size
s\, shapes\, and chemistry. The high versatility of MOFs makes them a high
ly desirable target in the fields of gas storage and separation\, as well
as catalysis. Recently\, there has been significant interest in incorporat
ing N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursors into MOFs for use in catalysis
. NHCs can be readily synthetically modified\, making them an interesting
functional group to incorporate into MOFs in order to develop new catalyst
s\, or fine tune existing molecular catalysts. \n\nIn this contribution\,
a series of MOFs incorporating a substituted NHC precursor as the organic
linker will be reported. By choice of the starting metal salt different MO
Fs may be accessed\, in which NHC precursor azolium linkers are retained o
r substituted NHC complexes are generated. For example\, reactions with Zn
(II) (and an added Cu(I) source) and Cu(II) give MOF materials with concom
itant Cu(I) metalation of the NHC moiety. The degree of metalation is curr
ently being studied by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-M
S) and Single Crystal X-Ray Diffraction (SCXRD). The chemistry of these an
d several other related NHC MOFs will be presented in this contribution.\n
\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/232/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/232/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Determination of kinetics of pores formation during temperature co
ntrolled chemical de-alloying of Au-Ag50 alloys by in-situ SAXS/WAXS
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-231@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Bao Lin (Deakin University)\nThe formation of nano-p
orous Au structures has potential for the design of advanced sensors\, cat
alysts and bio-compatible separation media. Here\, chemical de-alloying of
Au-Ag50 alloy thin films were performed at different temperatures to alte
r the pore formation kinetics as well as the final morphology of the mater
ials. Fractal dimensions at low q were significantly reduced with increasi
ng temperatures affecting the fractal geometry of the pore propagation fro
m surface fractal to volume fractal. The SAXS/WAXS in situ tests performed
at the Australian Synchrotron were completed with scanning electron micro
graphs\, x-ray diffraction\, Kelvin probe and atomic force microscopy roug
hness determinations to produce a highly versatile nano-porous formation r
oute. Following the Porod scattering model\, the de-alloyed structures wer
e found to be mathematically self-similar rather than amorphous and the pu
re Au ligaments dimension and the through pores size were found to increas
e by up to 50 % with increasing solutions temperature while the overall po
rosity was found to remain constant.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.a
u/event/12/contributions/231/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/231/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Photon beam stabilization at the beamline 6C Bio Medical Imaging o
f PLS-II
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-230@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jae-Hong Lim (Pohang Accelerator Laboratory)\nPhoton
beam stabilization is a basic issue for reliable data acquisition. The be
amline 6C Bio Medical Imaging of Pohang Light Source-II (PLS-II) is a dedi
cated station for full-field X-ray projection imaging at micron spatial re
solutions. It uses Bragg-crystal monochromators which have a beam expandin
g capability. Although the beam size is relatively large\, about one centi
meter vertically\, we still experience severe photon beam instability whic
h is manifested as beam position drifting in the vertical direction. The i
nstability appears thermal in origin because it initiates with changes of
the heat load on crystals and gets stabilized over time.\nIn order to stud
y the instability in detail\, we recently installed an ion chamber just do
wnstream of the beam exit for real time monitoring of the beam intensity.
Surprisingly\, we found that the beam position drifting can be corrected b
y adjusting the pitch of the second crystal of the monochromator in a dire
ction that keeps the ion current constant. By repeatedly applying this sim
ple measure\, the photon beam position is kept stable and the time-consumi
ng CT data acquisition can now be performed quite reliably. This presentat
ion describes the feedback control system along with the brief introductio
n of the beamline and its activity.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au
/event/12/contributions/230/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/230/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Drying dynamics of blade coated P(NDI2OD-T2) via in situ GIWAXS in
vestigation
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-228@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Adam Welford (Monash University)\nSolution cast\, or
ganic field-effect transistors (OFET) have many advantages\, such as rapid
\, large area fabrication\, low production cost and flexible substrates ma
king them ideal for specialized applications (ex: flexible displays\, radi
o frequency identification). \nSuitable fabrication techniques that can re
adily scale up are therefore essential when looking at future manufacturin
g scenarios. Blade coating\, the act of shearing a solution across a surf
ace to generate a thin film is one such technique that can be adopted. \n\
nFilm morphology plays a key role in determining the electronic properties
of any organic semiconductor system. Understanding the dynamic developmen
t of blade coated film morphology is an integral first step to enhancing t
he electronic properties via processing conditions.\n\nIn situ grazing inc
idence wide angle xray scattering (GIWAXS) allows the morphology dynamics
of P(NDI2OD-T2) to be investigated throughout film deposition and crystall
ization in two common solvents\, toluene and xylene. A complex picture of
crystallization emerges that illuminates the transitory states and speed a
t which the transition takes place.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au
/event/12/contributions/228/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/228/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Synthesis and Characterisation of (M1-xFex)2SnO4 (M = Mn\, Co\, Zn
) ternary transition metal-tin-oxygen spinel systems
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T042500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T044500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-227@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Tilo Soehnel (The University of Auckland)\nMixed tra
nsition-metal oxide (MTMO) spinels including Mn and Zn-metal containing st
annate phases have promising material properties and are known for the abi
lity to tailor particular features for different uses. They are currently
being explored as possible alternative substrates in many emerging high-te
ch applications such as electrode materials in lithium-ion batteries and a
s conducting oxides in gas detector sensors. The project aims to study the
crystal and magnetic structures of iron and tin containing quaternary sta
nnate to produce the novel spinel structures (M1-xFex)2SnO4 (M = Mn\, Zn a
nd 0 ≤ x ≤ 1). Synchrotron X-ray and neutron powder diffraction\, Mn a
nd Fe K-edge XANES\, Mössbauer\, IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy data\, magnet
ic measurements and SEM/EDX have been performed on the (M1-xFex)2SnO4 sys
tems to find out the exact mechanism of Fe substitution\, how much Fe and
in what oxidation state is substituted and the effects upon the crystal an
d magnetic structure. For the range of (Zn1-xFex)2SnO4 spinels\, initial r
esults support the hypothesis that there is more than one doping mechanism
\, which is dependent upon the amount of Fe that is doped. Diffraction res
ults and Mössbauer data indicate that an enrichment of Fe relative to Sn
is evident in the Fe-rich structures\, which might be due to Fe replacing
Zn followed by Sn as more Fe becomes present in the system.\n\nhttps://eve
nts01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/227/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/227/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:The Elements of Industry Engagement
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T003000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T005000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-226@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Barry Noller (The University of Queensland)\nIndustr
y engagement offers alternative sources of applied research funding. Becau
se industry and the private sector are culturally-different to both govern
ment and the tertiary sector\, the challenge is to sell the need for the h
igh investment cost of applied research to deliver the outcome needed by i
ndustry within a prescribed framework and time limit. Academic freedom is
constrained in the private sector platform by issues of risk from exposure
to perceived negative outcomes or liability from the public via the media
. Contractual arrangements usually require a defined completion time and a
lag time in the release of findings deemed to be sensitive to industry. I
n extreme situations public release of findings may never be allowed by in
dustry and is a worse-case risk of undertaking this kind of research. The
academic freedom of the university environment is offset by research that
can be undertaken with industry problems that may allow for extensive data
collections at a level of detail beyond what is generally possible with l
imited resources in the tertiary sector. Against a seemingly daunting task
of securing funding from industry is the opportunity to engage in frontie
r research with industry that can involve fundamental study with sophistic
ated techniques such as the array of synchrotron radiation-induced spectro
scopies now available at the Australian Synchrotron to give explanations a
t molecular levels in both biotic and abiotic media. Above all else time i
s required for CEOs to have sufficient trust in the research providers and
confidence to approve embarking on innovative research.\n\nhttps://events
01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/226/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/226/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:XAS Studies of Mixed Main Group Tin Cluster Materials
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T025000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-225@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Tilo Soehnel (The University of Auckland)\nLayered o
xide materials that combine unusual intermetallic architectures and transi
tion metal oxides similar to naturally occurring mineral architectures are
promising candidates for the study of strongly correlated-electron system
s. One of the key benefits of systems that contain naturally occurring min
eral structures is they provide a widely characterized platform to stabili
ze new architectures such as intermetallic clusters that prove otherwise h
ighly unstable in isolation. The parent compound for this study\, Fe4Si2Sn
7O16 [1]\, provides a novel situation in oxide compounds. It is described
as a layered composite of FeSn6 oxide clusters and Sn-doped Fayalite-type
within the one structure resulting in two nearly perfectly 2D oxide system
s. To date\, all reported tin oxide clusters have been shown to be electro
n precise\, i.e. they follow the 18 valence electron rule. Whilst several
attempts have been made to produce electron rich cluster materials in the
tin oxide system\, only the incorporation of highly stable “natural liga
nd layers” such as Fayalite has allowed for the stabilization of electro
n-rich 3d-transition metal clusters. In this presentation we will describe
the experimental results of combined Mössbauer/XAS studies that have led
to the discovery of the first 19-electron cluster found in the tin system
.\n\n[1] T. Söhnel\, P. Böttcher\, W. Reichelt\, F.E. Wagner\; Z. An
org. Allg. Chem. 624\, 708 (1998).\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/
event/12/contributions/225/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/225/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Observation of crystalline orthogonal self-stratification in spin-
coated conjugated polymer thin films with depth-sensitive X-ray scattering
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T040500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T042500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-224@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Eliot Gann (Australian Synchrotron)\nWe report the o
bservation of an orthogonally realigned crystalline surface layer in a spi
n-coated conjugated polymer film as used in organic field-effect transisto
rs. The ability of Grazing Incidence Wide Angle X-ray Scattering to provid
e some surface sensitivity of scattering features within thin films is kno
wn\, but until now an unambiguous orthogonal stratified crystalline micros
tructure in high performance polymeric materials has not been demonstrated
. By comparing angle-resolved scattering intensity collected at the SAXS/W
AXS beamline of the Australian Synchrotron to simulated X-ray electric fie
ld intensity within a 72 nm thin polymer film\, we find the data is consis
tent with 9 nm of edge-on aligned crystallites on top of 63 nm of highly c
rystalline face-on crystallites. We propose that a balance of air-polymer\
, polymer-polymer\, and substrate-polymer interactions encourage edge-on s
urface realignment and stratification. This type of surface reorganization
and alignment will be increasingly important to measure and predict as fu
rther organic electronic devices are developed.\n\nhttps://events01.synchr
otron.org.au/event/12/contributions/224/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/224/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Mechanical design of a various included angle Hetterick style mono
chromator covering tender X-rays
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-223@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Hyo-Yoon Kim (Pohang Accelerator Laboratory)\nA soft
X-ray monochromator covering\, so called\, tender X-rays is realized with
grating optics. The monochromator is composed of two reflection optics of
a deflection mirror and a grating and they are configured to work at high
ly grazing incidence angles to guarantee moderate reflectivity even in the
tender X-ray energy range. By the limitation of grazing incidence angles\
, the energy scan should be also completed within the highly limited rotat
ion range of grating angle\, which gives us very tight mechanical toleranc
es for the angles of the deflection mirror and the grating. The problem is
solved by combining nano-motors and a special pivot. The various included
angles on the grating is made by an off-axis rotation of the deflection m
irror. In order to minimize the size of the entire chamber\, the distance
of the rotation axes is designed as small as a few millimeters. In this pr
esentation\, we would like to show the design details and test results.\n\
nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/223/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/223/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Is diffraction limited by the crystal or beam? A comparison of FEL
vrs Synchrotron protein diffraction data.
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T003000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T005000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-222@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Tom Caradoc-Davies (Australian Synchrotron.)\nThe de
velopment of X-ray Free-Electron Lasers (XFELs) has created a range of nov
el crystallography experiments such as the use of liquid-jet injectors. Th
e use of goniometer-based FEL experiments(1) allows the direct comparison
of diffraction from the same or similar crystals at both sources.\nThe dif
fraction of a set of crystals tested on the MX2 beamline at the Australian
Synchrotron and the XPP beamline at the Linear Coherent Light Source (LCL
S) will be presented. The diffraction for most crystals was found to be si
milar with a small increase in observed resolution limit for some samples.
\nThe cases where a significant increase in diffraction is expected to be
seen when using an XFEL will be discussed along with other experiments tha
t can only be done on an XFEL. Data collection at an XFEL poses a series o
f significant challenges. The samples are vaporised by the beam and the re
sulting diffraction image covers an extremely small rocking curve. \nThese
data suggest that for most “standard” MX crystals the increase in res
olution expected at an XFEL over a microfocus MX beamline is marginal. For
the collection of samples presented\, the intrinsic diffraction limit of
the crystals and not the intensity of the source was the limiting factor.
\nThese data suggest the use of XFELs will be most effective for well-orde
red micro crystals or systems where the radiation damage “free” nature
of XFEL data is required for characterisation of states such as oxidised
and reduced forms of metallo-enzymes.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.
au/event/12/contributions/222/
LOCATION: NCSS Seminar Room
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/222/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Orientation and strain determination using the Maia detector
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151125T011000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151125T013000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-221@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Henry Kirkwood (La Trobe University)\nX-ray micro-be
am Laue diffraction is a powerful tool for mapping the orientation and ela
stic strain within polycrystalline materials. Microscale interactions betw
een neighbouring grains influence the macroscale behaviour of a material\,
particularly its deformation behaviour and damage mechanisms such as crac
king which is often initiated in the intercrystalline regions. Widely used
deformation models are often inconsistent with experimental observations
of fatigue behaviour in polycrystalline and multiphase materials and raise
intriguing questions about deformation behaviour at the microscale. Here
we report on recent experiments using energy scanning diffraction of a pol
ycrystalline nickel foil at the XFM microprobe. We find that the elastic b
ack scatter measured in the pixelated Maia detector permits determination
of the local crystallographic orientation within the polycrystalline foil.
The shape and location of the Bragg peaks measured in the energy scan is
shown to reveal information about the strain state of the sample. The resu
lts highlight how the combination of spatial and energy resolution offered
by the Maia detector enables new types of experiments to be performed not
possible with either conventional 1D energy-resolving\, or 2D monochromat
ic detectors.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contribution
s/221/
LOCATION: Conference Rooms
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/221/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:yaIBEX - Yet Another Integrated Beamline Environment for (X)-ray C
rystallography
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-220@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: David Aragao (Australian Synchrotron)\, Lenneke Jong
(Australian Synchrotron)\nThe MX1 and MX2 beamlines at the Australian Syn
chrotron are single crystal diffraction beamlines\, servicing the needs of
protein and chemical crystallography communities. We have developed a web
-based user interface for driving data collections\, called YAIBEX (Yet An
other Integrated Beamline Environment for Crystallography). This system is
designed to replace the collect tab on the SSRL BluICE system which is wr
itten in TCL language and was forked at deployment from the original code
making it difficult to take advantage of bug fixes and improvements from t
he upstream. Our system utilises Flask\, a minimalist Python web applicat
ion framework\, chosen to leverage the existing Python-based infrastructur
e existing at the beamline\, the language's widespread use in the scientif
ic community including existing libraries\, and better support from the lo
cal Controls and Scientific Computing groups. Improvements on the existing
system include integration with custom beamline libraries\, user portal i
ntegration for pre-filling information and an easy\, tabular layout to vie
w a history of data collections for the current session and remote access
directly in the user internet browser. Current developments include intera
ction with the robotic sample changer to allow mounting samples autonomous
ly.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/220/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/220/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Mechanism of Fe(III)-Precipitate Formation and Transformation in C
ircumneutral Aqueous Solutions in the Presence of Phosphate Under Conditio
ns Relevant to Membrane Bioreactor Wastewater Treatment
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-219@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Christopher Miller (School of Civil and Environmenta
l Engineering\, The University of New South Wales)\nThe formation of iron-
phosphate minerals influences the transport and bioavailability of phospha
te in natural systems\, despite this importance\, understanding of the mec
hanism and rate of this process is limited. Iron addition is also used to
remove phosphorous during municipal wastewater treatment to prevent eutrop
hication and associated algal blooms in receiving waters. The poor underst
anding of the kinetics of the interaction between Fe and P and the ability
of Fe$^{\\rm III}$PO$_{4}$(s) formation to compete with rapid Fe(III) hyd
rolysis to iron oxyhydroxides limits the effective use of this technology\
, which is one of the few available processes to treat wastewaters to incr
easingly stringent phosphate discharge limits.\n\nThis study has used Fe K
-edge and P K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy experiments (undertaken a
t BL17C1 and BL16A1 at NSRRC Taiwan) to determine the composition of the F
e-P species in the sludge formed from Fe- and P-containing solutions under
a range of initial Fe-oxidation states\, relative Fe and P concentrations
and also pH (which strongly influences the rate of Fe(II) oxidation and F
e(III)-precipitation). This data has been interpreted using a linear combi
nation fitting scheme that has been adjusted to fit the sample composition
to the Fe XANES and EXAFS as well as the P-XANES simultaneously. Coupling
this solid-state chemical composition with the solution phase kinetics de
rived from standard chemical measurements allows the critical processes in
the formation of the desired Fe-PO$_{4}$ minerals to be examined.\n\nhttp
s://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/219/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/219/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Investigation of the Phase Transition of CuSb2O6 at High Temperatu
res by Synchrotron Powder Measurements
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-218@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Hyung-Been Kang (The University of Auckland)\nThe ph
ase transition of CuSb2O6 has been described previously as a transition fr
om tetragonal trirutile to distorted monoclinic trirutile structure. Cu2+
as a d9 system forms the square lattice oxide layer\, which leads to a sec
ond order phase transition (Jahn-Teller distortion) [1]. The systematic re
duction in symmetry would require the existence of an orthorhombic modific
ation between the two modifications\, surpressed in many structures. From
synchrotron high temperature measurements\, the phase transition in CuSb2O
6 can be clearly observed and a possible two modification model (orthorhom
bic modification (Pnnm) and tetragonal modification (P42/mnm)) can be refi
ned from 200 °C to 900°C data. The direct phase transition from the mono
clinic to the tetragonal modification is clearly surpressed over a large t
emperature range. The measurements show an unusual thermal behaviour. Some
groups of diffraction peaks show an increase of the intensity as the tem
perature increases and others show a relative decrease of the intensity\,
but the thermal broadening decreases as the temperature increases. This is
related to the ratio of the two high temperature modifications present at
all temperature. The refined ratio of orthorhombic modification to tetrag
onal modification decreases from 200°C to 900°C but the phase transition
is still not completed at 900°C. The refined lattice parameters indicate
a normal thermal expansion of the unit cell\, whereas the thermal broaden
ing of the diffraction shows the opposite trend.\n\n[1] A.V. Prokofiev\, F
. Ritter\, W. Assmus\, B.J. Gibson and R.K. Kremer\, J. Cryst. Growth. 247
\, 457 (2003).\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributio
ns/218/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/218/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Single Contact ATR Mapping of Soft Materials by Synchrotron FTIR
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151125T011000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151125T013000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-217@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Mark Tobin (Australian Synchrotron)\nAttenuated Tota
l Reflection (ATR) is a sampling method frequently used for FTIR microanal
ysis of samples which cannot be prepared as thin sections for transmission
analysis. Generally\, an ATR prism is attached to the front of the micro
scope objective and 2D mapping achieved by repeated contacts with the ATR
crystal. The method is more suited to harder materials\, since the multipl
e ATR contacts may lead to damage of softer materials. We have developed A
TR devices for the purpose of analysing softer materials\, where only gent
le contact can be made with the sample surface\, in which the ATR crystal
is attached to the microscope stage rather than the objective. Firstly\, a
modified micro-compression cell\, in which a ZnSe ATR prism is brought gr
adually into contact with the surface of the sample\, has been used to stu
dy the hydration water in chitosan-hyaluronic acid model biolubricant\, as
a function of pressure. As part of a study of the resistance of insect
wings to biofilm formation\, this ZnSe ATR has also been used to map the s
urface of structured fatty acid films being studied as an analogue to the
dragonfly wing epicuticle\, revealing the relative peak position of νCH2
absorption of a textured stearic acid film on graphite. More recently\, an
ATR device which employs more precise piezoelectric sample alignment and
ATR contact control has been developed for further analysis of soft materi
als.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/217/
LOCATION: NCSS Seminar Room
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/217/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Characterisation of the localisation and speciation of radionuclid
es at the former nuclear weapons testing site of Maralinga\, South Austral
ia.
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-216@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Richard Collins (The University of New South Wales)\
nIn the 1950s-60s the Maralinga Lands were used by the British/Australian
governments for the testing and development of nuclear weapons. Four clea
n-up programs have been undertaken at Maralinga with the last\, concluding
in 2000\, having the objective to release the former nuclear test sites f
or use by the traditional owners. As part of a wider scientific program ex
amining soil-to-animal radionuclide transfer\, the localisation and specia
tion of radionuclides in the soils were investigated by XFM and XAS. In s
amples from atomic bomb detonation sites\, Sr-90 was mostly localised in
‘fused’ sand formed during the explosions. Its distribution within the
silicate melt particles was extremely heterogeneous\, however\, XANES ima
ging demonstrated that its speciation was homogeneous and EXAFS analyses c
onfirmed it to be similar to Sr incorporated into hydrous silicate glasses
. At a site where about 8 tonnes of natural/depleted uranium were exploded
\, uranium was found to be heterogeneously distributed as discrete micron-
sized particles. XFM revealed that no other heavy elements were associate
d with these particles and XANES imaging demonstrated that uranium was sol
ely present in the particles as U(VI) in uranyl geometry. EXAFS analyses
confirmed the XANES imaging results\, but due to significant scattering fr
om the 2nd coordination shell\, the chemical speciation of uranium was not
unequivocally identified. Whilst identification of these particles’s mi
neralogy is on-going\, these results have demonstrated that the soil-to-an
imal transfer of these radionuclides through inhalation\, the dominant upt
ake process in mammals\, will be minimal.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.
org.au/event/12/contributions/216/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/216/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:FDMX: Full-Potential Calculations of EXAFS for Extraction of Struc
tural\, Thermal\, and Electronic Properties from Absolute Accuracy Measure
ments
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-215@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Christopher Thomas Chantler (University of Melbourne
)\, Jay D Bourke (U Melbourne)\nWe present the new computational package F
DMX\; a full-potential code for accurate robust calculations of x-ray abso
rption fine structure across all energies from below the edge to the smoot
h atom-like absorption region. \nFull-potential modeling of condensed matt
er systems is a critical tool for analysis of x-ray absorption near-edge s
tructure (XANES) spectra [1\,2]. Despite demonstrated advantages in the lo
w-energy regime [3]\, these tools are still not generally applied to EXAFS
analysis.\nWe present here the new package FDMX\, a development of the Fi
nite Difference Method for Near-Edge Structure (FDMNES) package [2]\, for
use in the calculation of extended XAFS spectra. FDMX features new impleme
ntations of thermal and electron scattering parameters [4]\, core-hole and
outer-shell absorption effects.\nFDMX calculates high-accuracy XAFS spect
ra for large energy ranges in both elemental and complex molecular systems
. Material parameters such as bond lengths\, electron inelastic mean free
paths [5]\, and Debye-Waller factors [6] may be extracted using full-poten
tial modeling.\n[1] P Blaha etal.\, Comput. Phys. Commun. 59 339 (1990)\n[
2] Y Joly\, Phys. Rev. B 63 125120 (2001)\n[3] JL Glover\, CT Chantler\, A
V Soldatov\, G Smolentsez and MC Feiters\, AIP Conf. Proc. 882(2007)625\n[
4] JD Bourke\, CT Chantler\, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 6(2015)314\n[5] JD Bourk
e\, CT Chantler\, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104(2010)206601\n[6] LJ Tantau\, CT Cha
ntler\, JD Bourke\, MT Islam\, AT Payne\, NA Rae\, CQ Tran\, J. Phys.Conde
ns.Mat.27(2015)266301\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/cont
ributions/215/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/215/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:X-ray Spectroscopic Advances in Condensed Matter Interactions with
X-rays
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-214@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Christopher Thomas Chantler (University of Melbourne
)\nExciting fundamental problems and advanced applications have emerged in
X-ray Spectroscopy. Accuracy of absorption coefficients to 0.02% have led
to insights into atomic form factors[1]\, XAFS dynamical bonding[2]\, ele
ctron inelastic mean free paths[3] and nanoroughness[4]\, with technologic
al offshoots into detector and synchrotron diagnostics. As a consequence\,
the accurate characterization of fluorescence spectroscopy is developing\
, together with the accurate investigation of organometallic complexes. Bu
rgeoning applications in RIXS and ultrafast techniques have led to insight
into chemical intermediates. Advances are beginning to be able to investi
gate polarization\, alignment\, nanostructures\, and dynamic and static di
sorder.\n[1] MD de Jonge\, CQ Tran\, CT Chantler\, Z Barnea et al\, Measur
ement of the x-ray mass attenuation coefficient and determination of the i
maginary component of the atomic form-factor of tin over the energy range
of 29 keV – 60 keV\, Phys. Rev. A75 (2007) 032702\n[2] JL Glover\, CT Ch
antler\, Z Barnea\, NA Rae\, CQ Tran\, Measurement of the X-ray mass-atten
uation coefficients of gold\, derived quantities between 14 keV and 21 keV
and determination of the bond lengths of gold\, J. Phys. B 43 (2010) 0850
01\n[3] CT Chantler\, JD Bourke\, X-ray Spectroscopic Measurement of the P
hotoelectron Inelastic Mean Free Paths in Molybdenum\, Journal of Physical
Chemistry Letters 1 (2010) 2422\; JD Bourke and CT Chantler\, Phys. Rev.
Lett. 104\, 206601 (2010)\n[4] JL Glover\, CT Chantler\, MD de Jonge\, Nan
o-roughness in gold revealed from X-ray signature\, Phys. Lett. A373 (2009
) 1177\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/214/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/214/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Determination of sulfur in natural rubber for reversion process
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-213@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Wanwisa Limphirat (SLRI)\nThe correlation amongst th
e sulfur to reversion resistances of natural rubber (NR) compound was inve
stigated using X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy. The NR samples wer
e prepared which is varied accelerator DCBS and CBS ratio. It was found th
at the reversion of the NR compounds was not simply proportional to the in
crease of the sulfur to accelerator ratios no matter which accelerator was
used. The increase of reversion indicating by the shorter plateau region
and higher reversion rate was observed only when the sulfur to accelerator
ratios were initially increased. At certain point\, further increasing th
e sulfur to accelerator ratios in turn gave the NR compounds with higher r
eversion resistance. The important thing revealed here by XANES was the am
ount of polysulfidic linkage in the NR compounds passed through the maximu
m with the increasing of the sulfur to accelerator ratios. Therefore that
the rubber compounds with higher polysulfidic linkages show the higher rev
ersion are still valid. But the relation between the sulfur to accelerator
ratio and the distribution of polysulfidic crosslinks was proved here tha
t it was not simply proportional\, thus causing the relation between the s
ulfur to accelerator ratio and reversion behavior not simply proportional
too.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/213/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/213/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:The Hybrid technique for accurate transmission XAS on 1-10mM Ni so
lutions
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151125T003000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151125T005000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-212@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Best Stephen P (U Melbourne)\, Chanh Q Tran (La Trob
e)\, Christopher Thomas Chantler (University of Melbourne)\, M Tauhidul Is
lam (U Melbourne)\nXAFS can now be used to investigate electron inelastic
mean free paths\, dynamical and thermal bonding\, to measure nanoroughness
and most importantly to assess the significance of alternate hypotheses w
ith derived experimental uncertainty. These key developments will be discu
ssed.\nA new approach is introduced for determining XAS spectra on absolut
e and relative scales using multiple solutions with different concentratio
ns by the characterisation and correction for experimental systematics. Th
is hybrid-technique (HBT) is a development of standard XAFS along the line
s of high-accuracy XERT but with applicability to solutions\, dilute syste
ms and cold cell environments. We have applied this methodology to determi
ning absolute XAS of [bis(N-n-propyl-salicylaldiminato)] nickel(II) and [b
is(N-i-propyl-salicylaldiminato)] nickel(II) complexes with square planar
and tetrahedral structures in 15 mM and 1.5 mM dilute solutions. Dilute sy
stems provide excellent XANES and XAFS spectra by transmission\, and we co
nfirm that transmission measurements can be superior to conventional fluor
escence measurements even for dilute systems. For the first time\, we have
determined XAS of the isomers from low concentration solutions on an abso
lute scale with a 1%-5% accuracy\, and with relative precision to 0.1% to
0.2% in the active XANES and XAFS regions after inclusion of systematic co
rrections\n[CT Chantler\, MT Islam\, SP Best\, LJ Tantau\, CQ Tran\, MH Ch
eah\, AT Payne\, High accuracy X-ray Absorption Spectra of mM solutions of
nickel(II) complexes with multiple solutions using transmission XAS. Jour
nal of Synchrotron Radiation 22 (2015) 1008-1021].\n\nhttps://events01.syn
chrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/212/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/212/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:High temperature structural properties of CrAlTiN coatings from in
-situ Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Diffraction
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-211@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Ehsan Mohammadpour (School of Engineering & Informat
ion Technology\, Murdoch University\, Murdoch\, WA 6150\, Australia)\nThis
paper describes thermal stability of CrAlTiN hard coatings\, deposited by
magnetron sputtering technique in temperature range of 25-700 °C. The mi
crostructure and phase combination of coatings were investigated using in
situ synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction (SR-XRD). Rietveld refinement
was carried out on the characterisation of SR-XRD spectra to investigate
the structure and phase composition of coatings. The SR-XRD analysis demon
strated that CrN is the dominant phase below 700 °C. Solution of Ti and A
l in CrN changed the preferential growth orientation of the coating materi
al and indicated the complex structure of the coating in shape of crystall
ine CrTiAlN solid solution surrounded by amorphous AlN matrix. Domain size
and strain of CrN crystallite in both coatings at different temperatures
were estimated. The high quality crystalline data obtained from this study
provides deeper understanding of the non-structural and thermal stability
of CrAlTiN nanocomposite. Obtained data also offers feasibility to simul
ation mechanical properties at high temperature using computational modell
ing\, such as Density Functional Theory.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.o
rg.au/event/12/contributions/211/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/211/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Quality Improvements for Fluorescence Detected XAFS Spectra of Fer
rocene
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-210@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Chanh Q Tran (La Trobe)\, Christopher Thomas Chantle
r (University of Melbourne)\, Feng Wang (Swinburne University of Technolog
y)\, M Tauhidul Islam (U Melbourne)\, Stephen P Best (U Melbourne)\nMethod
s for the quantification of statistically valid measures of the uncertaint
ies associated with X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) data obtained f
rom dilute solutions using fluorescence measurements are developed. Severa
l systematics (e.g. self-absorption) associated in fluorescence detection
cannot yet be corrected automatically. Multielement fluorescence detector
s provide a set of absolute spectra depending on the geometry of the detec
tor channels with different apparent sensitivities. Error analysis perform
ing the characterization and correction of systematics (self-absorption\,
energy calibration\, photoreduction\, air path attenuation etc.) can measu
re statistical accuracy. Experimental data obtained from 10 mM solutions o
f the organometallic compound ferrocene\, Fe(C5H5)2\, are analysed within
this framework and give robust estimates of the standard errors of the ind
ividual measurements. Incorporation of experimental uncertainties into an
IFEFFIT-like analysis yield refinement statistics for the staggered and ec
lipsed forms of ferrocene which show a far more realistic preference for t
he eclipsed form which accurately reflects the reliability of the analysis
. Moreover\, the more strongly founded estimates of the refined parameter
uncertainties allow more direct comparison with those obtained by other te
chniques. These XAFS-based estimates of the bond distances have accuracies
comparable with those obtained using single-crystal diffraction technique
s and are superior in terms of their use in comparisons of experimental an
d computed structures [CT Chantler\, NA Rae\, MT Islam\, SP Best\, J Yeo\,
LF Smale\, J Hester\, N Mohammadi\, F Wang\, Stereochemical analysis of F
errocene and the uncertainty of fluorescence XAFS data\, J Synch. Rad. 19
(2012) 145-158].\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contribut
ions/210/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/210/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Influence of different side-chains on the morphology and device p
hysics of all-polymer solar cells.
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151125T035000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151125T041000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-209@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Kedar Deshmukh (Monash University)\nSemiconducting p
olymers are interesting materials that can be used as the active layer in
light-emitting diodes\, transistors and solar cells. In a polymer solar ce
ll\, the blending of donor and acceptor materials is required to achieve e
ffective charge generation. Historically\, fullerene derivatives have been
used as the acceptor material due their high electron affinity\, but full
erenes only weakly absorb light and are more expensive than semiconducting
polymers. Recently significant progress has been made with so-called all-
polymer solar cells that use semiconducting polymers as both donor and acc
eptor\, with power conversion efficiencies of 7.7% recently reported. Key
to this recent increase in cell efficiency has been the tailoring of the c
hemical structure of the polymeric materials\, in particular the structure
of the side-chains used to solubilise these materials. \n\nIn this study\
, we study seek to understand the increase in cell efficiency that accompa
nies the replacement of oxygen atoms with thiophene moieties in the side c
hains of the donor polymer PTB7. Devices fabricated with PTB7 as the donor
show an efficiency of 2.2%\, while devices fabricated with the thiophene-
substituted PBDTTT-EFT have an efficiency of 5%. A combination of lab-base
d (AFM\, TEM) and synchrotron-based (NEXAFS spectroscopy\, GIWAXS\, R-SoXS
) are used to characterise thin film microstructure\, which is related to
device physics and photophysics to paint a clear picture of the factors ai
ding in improvement of the performance.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.or
g.au/event/12/contributions/209/
LOCATION: NCSS Seminar Room
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/209/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Structura Insights into the pro-apoptotic protein Bax
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-208@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Adeline Robin (WEHI)\nProgrammed cell death\, AKA ap
optosis\, is a biological mechanism by which dangerous cells\, such as can
cer cells\, are killed. Commitment to this process is governed by the Bcl-
2 family of proteins\, which respond to cellular stresses. The proteins wi
thin this family share 1 to 4 Bcl-2 Homology domains (BH1 to BH4) and can
be divided in three sub-categories according to their function. One subgro
up\, the BH3-only proteins\, is upregulated upon cellular stresses and ini
tiate apoptosis through interactions with other Bcl-2 family members. Anot
her subgroup\, the pro-apoptotic Bax or Bak proteins\, are the effectors o
f apoptosis: upon activation these proteins oligomerize at the mitochondri
al outer membrane and provoke its permeabilization. The resulting release
of cytochrome c and other pro-apoptotic proteins leads to cell death.\n\nT
he BH3-only proteins Bim and Bid can directly activate Bax or Bak. Recentl
y the structure of the BidBH3 in complex with the hydrophobic groove of Ba
x enlightened how BH3-only proteins activate the Bax protein. [Czabotar\,
Westphal et al.\, Cell\, 2013\, 152\, 519-531.] We have now crystallized n
ew forms of Bax:\n1- Novel structures of full length monomeric Bax and P16
8G mutant of Bax show the hydrophobic groove of Bax occupied by the trans-
membrane helix 9 of Bax.\n2- BimBH3:Bax complexes structures help us to un
derstand the specifics of the BimBH3 peptide binding to the hydrophobic gr
oove of Bax.\n\nThese new structures reveal further insights into key inte
ractions that initiate Bax activation.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org
.au/event/12/contributions/208/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/208/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:New developments at the XFM beamline: Get more from your research\
, for free
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T042500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T044500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-207@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Michael Jones (Australian Synchrotron)\nThe XFM beam
line at the Australian Synchrotron typically operates in the backscatter g
eometry using the Maia detector and fast scanning stages\, allowing rapid
and efficient collection of fluorescent X-ray photons. In most cases\, the
transmitted beam is collected by a photodiode to give at best a poor meas
ure of the thickness of the specimen. However\, the transmitted beam carri
es much more information than is currently being used. In this presentatio
n\, I will show you simultaneously collected fluorescence and ptychography
data which not only gives you a sub 100 nm resolution phase contrast imag
e of your sample but allows you to increase your fluorescence resolution a
s well. Further developments in this area will allow simultaneous ptychogr
aphy data to be collected across a wide range of samples at no additional
time cost to standard fluorescence data collection.\n\nhttps://events01.sy
nchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/207/
LOCATION: NCSS Seminar Room
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/207/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Three-dimensional Strain State Comparison for CVD-grown Single Cry
stal Nanodiamonds using Bragg Coherent Diffractive Imaging
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-206@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Muhammad Salman Maqbool (La Trobe University)\nThe u
nique properties of nanodiamonds make them suitable for use in a wide rang
e of different applications\, including as biomarkers for cellular trackin
g in vivo at the molecular level. The sustained fluorescence of nanodiamon
ds containing nitrogen-vacancy (N-V) centres is related to their internal
structure and strain state. Theoretical studies predict that the location
of the N-V centre and the nanodiamonds residual elastic strain state have
a major influence on their photoluminescence properties. However\, to date
there has been no direct measurements made of their spatially resolved de
formation fields due to the challenges that such measurements present. Her
e we apply the recently developed technique of Bragg Coherent Diffractive
Imaging (BCDI) to map the three-dimensional deformation field within a sin
gle nanodiamond of ~ 0.5 um diameter. The results indicate that there are
high-levels of residual elastic strain already present in the nanodiamond
which could have a critical influence on its optical and electronic proper
ties.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/206/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/206/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Neutron and infrared spectroscopy: Complimentary tools for vibrati
onal studies.
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T025000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-205@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Anton Stampfl (Australian Nuclear Science and Techno
logy Organisation)\nA low energy band pass neutron spectrometer that opera
tes in the range of $\\sim 50\\!-\\!1200\\\, \\textrm{cm}^{-1}$ has very r
ecently been commissioned and first experiments run at the OPAL reactor. T
he so-called Beryllium-filter spectrometer is predominantly used to obtain
vibrational density of states spectra from those materials that contain h
ydrogen\, thus making this instrument especially important in the chemical
\, biological\, geological and environmental sciences. In many aspects a n
eutron spectrum obtained using the Beryllium-filter spectrometer is very s
imilar to spectra obtained in the far-infrared or terahertz regime making
neutron spectroscopy a complementary technique to other spectroscopies suc
h as photon (electromagnetic radiation)-based techniques. The neutron’s
properties are unique amongst other fundamental probes like light\, such a
s outstanding materials penetrability\, isotopic sensitivity\, magnetic se
nsitivity and lack of vibrational selection rules. A number of interesting
examples are presented that highlight the capabilities and complementarit
y of vibrational neutron spectroscopy.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org
.au/event/12/contributions/205/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/205/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Structural and functional investigation of CprB\, a member of the
TetR-family of proteins from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-204@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Hussain Bhukya (1. IITB-Monash Research Academy\, II
T Bombay\, Powai\, Mumbai 400076\, India. 2. Department of Chemistry\, Ind
ian Institute of Technology Bombay\, Mumbai 400076\, India. 3. Australian
Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS)\, School of Chemistry\,
Monash University\, Melbourne\, Victoria 3800\, Australia)\nMetabolic pat
hways activated by small chemical signaling molecules in the soil-dwelling
\, filamentous Gram-positive bacterial genus *Streptomyces* regulate antib
iotics production\, morphogenesis and resistance mechanisms. These species
produce a wide spectrum of biologically active secondary metabolites cont
ributing to > 70% of the known naturally occurring antibiotics. Small diff
usible molecules\, γ-butyrolactones (GBLs) are signaling molecules in *St
reptomyces* and interact with transcriptional regulatory proteins that tri
gger downstream responses. Their identity and mode of action in *Streptomy
ces coelicolor* is hitherto unknown. In this investigation\, purified CprB
\, a GBL receptor\, was used as an affinity matrix to enrich and identify
the target molecule(s) from an extracellular extract of *S. coelicolor*. R
esults from LC-ESI-MS/MS studies of compounds bound to CprB suggest that t
here is more than one signaling molecule that controls its DNA binding act
ivity. Furthermore\, in order to decipher the structural basis and associa
ted conformational changes during CprB-DNA interaction\, we here present a
CprB-DNA complex crystal structure at 3.25 Å resolution. CprB binds to t
he DNA as dimer of dimers via the helix-turn-helix (HTH) motif with the mo
de of DNA binding analogous to the broad spectrum multidrug resistance reg
ulator QacR from *Staphylococcus aureus*. Binding of the DNA induces restr
ucturing of the CprB dimeric interface\, thereby triggering a pendulum-lik
e motion of the HTH motif. Our studies suggest that CprB serves as an auto
regulator and is a part of a regulatory network for antibiotic production
and resistance pathways responding to signalling molecules in *S. coelicol
or*.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/204/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/204/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:GISAXS of pre-crystallisation events in the formation of CO2 corro
sion products on steel
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T034500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T040500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-203@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Bridget Ingham (Callaghan Innovation)\nThe corrosion
of steel in aqueous saturated CO2 environments is a major industrial prob
lem. Under certain conditions a highly protective scale of siderite (FeCO3
) is formed\; however\, there is little information available regarding th
e initial nucleation processes. In recent years we have performed a number
of in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction studies using electrochemistry t
o accelerate the corrosion rate\, exploring the effect of temperature [1]\
, corrosion inhibitor species and concentrations [2-3]\, addition of Mg2+
[4] and Cr3+ [5]\, and steel microstructure [6] on the growth rates of cry
stalline FeCO3 films. These experiments all showed a significant induction
period before a signal was observed. Recently we used grazing incidence
small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) and obtained evidence for an amorpho
us gel film that forms at much shorter times [7]. Our current hypothesis i
s that this amorphous gel then crystallises into either chukanovite (Fe2(O
H)2CO3) or siderite\, possibly via amorphous chukanovite as an intermediat
e phase.\n[1] Ingham\, Ko\, Kear et al.\, Corr. Sci. 52 (2010) 3052.\n[2]
Ko\, Laycock\, Ingham & Williams\, Corrosion 68 (2012) 1085.\n[3] Ko\, Lay
cock\, Ingham & Williams\, NACE Int. Corrosion Conf. Ser. 5 (2012) 3662.\n
[4] Ingham\, Ko\, Laycock et al.\, Corr. Sci. 56 (2012) 96.\n[5] Ko\, Ingh
am\, Laycock & Williams\, Corr. Sci. 80 (2014) 237.\n[6] Ko\, Ingham\, Lay
cock & Williams\, Corr. Sci. 90 (2015) 192.\n[7] Ingham\, Ko\, Kirby\, Lay
cock & Williams\, Faraday Discuss. In press (2015). DOI: 10.1039/C4FD00218
K.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/203/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/203/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:X-ray Imaging Detector for X-ray Free-Electron Lasers (XFELs) and
Diffraction Limited Storage Rings (DLSRs)
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151125T000000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151125T003000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-202@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Takaki Hatsui (RIKEN)\nX-ray Free-Electron Lasers (X
FELs) are now bringing new opportunities in coherent X-ray Science (CXS).
Future X-ray sources such as high-repetition XFELs and Diffraction Limited
Storage Rings (DLSRs) are anticipated to advance CXS further by deliverin
g higher repetition rate and higher brilliance of coherent X-ray beam. In
this talk\, we first review the detector development for XFELs [1] with an
emphasis of physical and technology limitation. Then we try to outlook th
e future opportunities from the viewpoint of X-ray imaging detectors. As a
concrete example\, we will describe the target performance of the detect
or for upgraded SPring-8 facility with a continuous frame rate of 20 kHz\,
and a few 10 ns time resolution in burst mode [2].\n\nReferences\n [1] T.
Hatsui and H. Graafsma\, “X-ray imaging detectors for synchrotron and X
FEL sources”\, IUCrJ\, Vol. 2\, p371.\n[2] SPring-8-II Conceptual Desig
n Report\, http://rsc.riken.jp/pdf/SPring-8-II.pdf\n\nhttps://events01.syn
chrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/202/
LOCATION: Conference Rooms
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/202/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Age Related Differences in the Collagen Structure and Strength of
Pericardium
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-201@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Katie Sizeland (Massey University)\nHeart valve leaf
lets can be replaced using bioengineered leaflets from bovine pericardium
tissue. The strength and thickness of the material is of crucial importanc
e for both the percutaneous delivery of the leaflet replacement and the lo
ng life in service that is required of the biomaterial. Neonatal pericardi
um is thinner than adult pericardium giving it a physical advantage for he
art valve leaflet production but any differences in the strength of the ti
ssues remains unknown. Small angle X-ray scattering was used to characteri
se the collagen structure of adult and neonatal pericardium and results we
re compared with the mechanical properties. When compared with adult peric
ardium\, neonatal pericardium was found to have a higher degree of alignme
nt (neonatal OI = 0.78\, adult OI = 0.62)\, a higher elastic modulus (neon
atal elastic modulus = 83.7 MPa\, adult elastic modulus = 19.1 MPa)\, and
a higher normalised ultimate tensile strength (neonatal tensile strength =
32.9 MPa\, adult tensile strength = 33.5 MPa). This research shows that t
he higher alignment of the collagen fibrils provides the structural founda
tion for the superior strength of the neonatal pericardium. The physical p
roperties of neonatal pericardium indicate it would be a suitable material
for the heart valve leaflet replacements.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron
.org.au/event/12/contributions/201/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/201/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Effects of Ag-Embedment on electronic and ionic conductivities of
LiMnPO4 and performances as a cathode for lithium-ion batteries
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151125T033000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151125T035000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-200@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Docheon Ahn (Pohang Accelerator Laboratory)\nAg-embe
dded LiMnPO4 (LMP) cathode was synthesized by solid-state reaction using 1
wt% Ag precursor. Structure\, morphology\, and electrical conductivity st
udies of Ag-embedded LMP were performed by high resolution synchrotron pow
der X-ray diffraction\, high resolution transmission electron microscopy\,
energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy\, and four probe measurements. An Ag
nanoparticle (~ 26 nm) surrounded by several olivine crystallites within
a single particle dramatically improved overall electrical conductivity of
LMP by four orders of magnitude relative to that of pristine LMP\, playin
g roles as conducting bridges among LMP crystallites as well as particles.
Rietveld analysis confirmed structural variations related to modification
of atomic bond lengths of Mn-O\, P-O\, and Li-O coordination due to Ag-em
bedment and thereby leads to facile Li ion diffusion in LMP. Consequently\
, although small amount of Ag was included\, Ag-embedded LMP cathode exhib
ited outstanding electrochemical performances (92 mAhg-1 at 10 C) versus l
ithium.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/200/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/200/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Beamline update and discussion: SAXS/WAXS
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T014500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-199@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Nigel Kirby (Australian Synchrotron)\nThis session w
ill provide an update on activities and capabilities at the SAXS/WAXS beam
line. The session aims to provide users with the opportunity to discuss cu
rrent and future needs with the beamline team.\n\nhttps://events01.synchro
tron.org.au/event/12/contributions/199/
LOCATION: NCSS Seminar Room
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/199/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Beamline update and discussion: XAS
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T014500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-198@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Peter Kappen (Australian Synchrotron)\nThis session
will provide an update on activities and capabilities at the XAS beamline.
The session aims to provide users with the opportunity to discuss current
and future needs with the beamline team.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.
org.au/event/12/contributions/198/
LOCATION: NCSS Seminar Room
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/198/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:From molecules to minerals: Resolving fast mineral formation proce
sses in aquatic systems using energy dispersive XAS
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-197@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Andrew Rose (Southern Cross University)\nWhile the f
ormation and transformation of many minerals has been relatively well stud
ied empirically at a macromolecular scale\, the precise mechanisms by whic
h minerals form and transform at the molecular level remain poorly describ
ed. Time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) allows observation o
f changes in the local coordination environment of molecules involved in t
he very early stages of mineral formation in aquatic systems\, and thus ha
s the potential to provide detailed information on the mechanisms involved
. We attempted to use energy dispersive XAS at the ODE beamline of the Syn
chrotron SOLEIL to study the formation of strontium carbonate and iron oxy
hydroxide minerals. Employing a Quantum ULTRA detector and a Biologic XFM
stopped-flow device permitted time resolution as short as 50 µs\, thereby
offering the possibility to observe the very first steps in the mineral f
ormation process. Despite numerous technical difficulties\, we were able t
o collect high quality XAS data (including EXAFS) at very short timescales
for both mineral systems. While the technical issues meant that the data
collected were not able to provide unequivocal evidence for particular mec
hanisms\, our results provide several new insights into the processes that
govern mineral formation in aquatic systems and confirm the potential for
this technique to be used on such systems in future.\n\nhttps://events01.
synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/197/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/197/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Combining SR Computed Tomography and Fluoresence X-Ray Computed To
mography
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151125T033000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151125T035000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-196@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Chris Hall (Australian Synchrotron)\nAn x-ray image
highlighting technique which might prove more sensitive than simple attenu
ation alteration\, is imaging the x-ray fluorescence from specific markers
. This technique is exploited to great effect on x-ray fluorescence micros
copy beam lines like our XFM facility. On IMBL we would like to develop a
lower resolution\, but wider field of view method of reconstructing 3-D fl
uorescence imaging compatible with SRCT.\n\nA beam modulation technique ha
s been proposed previously to allow fluorescence CT (FXCT) and SRCT data t
o be collected simultaneously [1]. This work resulted in some proof of con
cept modelling and a simple experiment test system.\n\nSince seminal paper
s on the subject were published in 2008\, there has been significant activ
ity around Compressive Sensing (CS). Ideas in CS have been proven for imag
ing at optical and infra-red wavelengths. CS has also caused a lot of exci
tement in the medical imaging community. However\, to date not much has be
en published on using CS techniques in SR x-ray imaging. We believe CS ima
ging techniques suit IMBL and may overcome the issues in combining SRCT an
d FXCT. \n\nWe present some recent data\, and model outputs which demonstr
ate the reconstruction of low resolution iodine fluorescence maps of reali
stic phantoms from data collected with a single point detector during a CT
scan on IMBL.\n\n[1] - C. Hall\, ‘Combined x-ray fluorescence and absor
ption computed tomography using a synchrotron beam’\, 2013\, Journal of
Instrumentation. doi:10.1088/1748-0221/8/06/C06007\n\nhttps://events01.syn
chrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/196/
LOCATION: Conference Rooms
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/196/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:A Feasibility Study of X-Ray Phase-Contrast Mammographic Tomograph
y at the IMBL of the Australian Synchrotron
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-195@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Darren Thompson (CSIRO)\nWe present the results of o
ur recent experiment at the Imaging and Medical beamline of the Australian
synchrotron intended to contribute to the development and implementation
of low-dose\, high-sensitivity 3D mammographic phase-contrast imaging\, in
itially at synchrotrons and subsequently in hospitals and medical imaging
clinics. We have tested\, quantified\, evaluated and optimised the effect
of such imaging parameters as X-ray energy\, source size\, detector resolu
tion\, sample-to-detector distance\, scanning and processing strategies in
the case of propagation-based phase-contrast CT\, using a plastic phantom
simulating relevant breast tissue characteristics. The data are collected
using a Hamamatsu CMOS Flat Panel Sensor\, utilised in partial scan mode\
, with the pixel size 100µm × 100µm. Analysis of the data revealed the
presence of propagation-based phase contrast and demonstrated significant
improvement of the quality of phase-contrast CT imaging\, compared to conv
entional (absorption-based) CT\, at medically acceptable radiation doses.\
n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/195/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/195/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Small angle X-ray scattering beamline development at SSRF
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-194@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jianrong Zeng (Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics
\, Chinese Academy of Sciences)\nBL16B1 at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation
Facility (SSRF) is a dedicated small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) beamlin
e in studying the micro structure and dynamic processes of polymers\, nano
materials\, mesoporous materials\, colloids\, liquid crystals\, metal mate
rials\, etc. Bending magnet is used as the photon source delivering X-rays
of 5~20 keV. After a recent upgrade\, the beam is focused to a size about
0.4 mm (H) × 0.5 mm (V) with a flux about 3 × 1011 phs/s @ 10 keV @ 240
mA. SAXS in the q range of 0.03 ~3.6 nm-1 and wide angle X-ray scattering
(WAXS) in the q range of 4.5~33 nm-1 are the basic and most used experime
ntal modes. Absolute intensity for SAXS can be calibrated using glass carb
on or pure water. Measurements in continuous q range of 0.03~3.6 nm-1 can
be carried out in the added simultaneous SAXS/WAXS mode. Grazing incidence
SAXS and anomalous SAXS can also be performed. Support laboratories with
kinds of conventional instruments for sample preparation and some in-situ
devices for heating\, shearing\, stretching and helium atmosphere protecti
on are available for end users. The beamline control system has been integ
ated into an EPICS platform in Linux operation system\, which is convenien
t for communication among the devices. In the past year\, about 120 propos
als were approved and over 4500 hours were allocated\, bringing a feedback
of over 100 SCI indexed publications.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org
.au/event/12/contributions/194/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/194/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Lost in transmission? Recent outcomes with fast-framing cameras a
t the XFM beamline.
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-193@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Martin de Jonge (Australian Synchrotron)\nX-ray Fluo
rescence Microscopy uses a focussed beam and an energy resolving detector
to map trace metals at exquisite sensitivity and resolution for a broad di
versity of research programmes. For the majority of investigations in the
biological and environmental sciences\, over 90% of the beam intensity go
es straight through the specimen. At a minimum\, this beam is detected an
d used to determine an absorption map of the specimen.\n\nWe have recently
had an opportunity to use two different x-ray cameras: a PixiRad-1 and an
d Eiger 1M. Over around 4 weeks of merit beamtime these were used for a w
ide variety of experiments\, including: micro-SAXS\, micro diffraction\, s
canning x-ray diffraction microscopy\, differential phase contrast\, and t
o observe Kossel lines. Here we present some results from each of these\,
along with some cost-benefit analysis of the various camera options for t
he beamline. Please come and tell us if you have another use for a transm
ission camera in the microprobe geometry!\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.
org.au/event/12/contributions/193/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/193/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Scanning the night away – stage upgrade at the XFM beamline
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-192@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Martin de Jonge (Australian Synchrotron)\nX-ray Fluo
rescence Microscopy uses a focussed beam and an energy resolving detector
to map trace metals at exquisite sensitivity and resolution for a broad di
versity of research programmes. Our possession of the Maia detector enabl
es us to acquire high-sensitivity data at incredible pixel rates\, and thi
s in turn has enabled higher-dimensional techniques\, such as fluorescence
tomography\, XANES imaging\, and XANES-tomography. The beamline has soli
d impact\, punching well above its weight.\n\nFrom the beamline’s incept
ion (late 2008) up to May 2015\, beamline data acquisition was limited by
a range of mechanical and controls parameters\, including stage resolution
\, speed\, and acceleration. We have recently completed phase 1 of a proj
ect to bring fast scanning to the XFM beamline. The new build substantial
ly improves data acquisition rates and accuracy\, and frees limitations on
the measurement parameter-space\, enabling a range of entirely new invest
igations. Here we report on the design\, build\, and testing of the updat
ed stages\, and discuss a range of further improvements that will make thi
s an optimised workhorse of the XFM beamline. We welcome feedback about t
he future capabilities of the equipment from the user community.\n\nhttps:
//events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/192/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/192/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Updates on the computed tomography experiment at the Medical and I
maging beamline of the Australian Synchrotron
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-191@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Anton Maksimenko (Australian Synchrotron)\nThe Imagi
ng and Medical Beamline (IMBL) of the Australian Synchrotron (AS) is now b
ecoming one of the most advanced instruments of this type in the world. It
is designed to provide a wide variety of imaging techniques including but
not limited to the in-line and analyzed phase contrasts\, monochromatic a
nd pink beam imaging. Three beamline’s enclosures at various distances\,
when combined with the 25kW superconducting multipole wiggler and double
Laue bent monochromator provide the end user a good choice of beam charact
eristics ranging from the hi-flux for high resolution and size up to huge
48x5cm beam at 134m from the source with the allowed energy range 17-120kE
v or pink beam. The wide range of the area detectors allows the computed t
omography (CT) to be applied to almost any known X-ray imaging modality. T
he beamline’s data acquisition system is directly linked to the high per
formance computing cluster. Deep integration of the acquisition\, reconstr
uction and rendering facilities allows one to think of their combination a
s of a single system with modular architecture. The system is designed for
the fully automated experiments with minimal user interaction. It has mul
tiple levels of flexibility allowing quick design and implementation of a
new experiment. This report summarizes implemented\, designed and planned
features of the beamline as applied to the imaging experiments. Some lates
t outcomes of the CT system are presented with the samples coming of diffe
rent fields of science: Biology\, Geology\, Paleontology and Medicine.\n\n
https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/191/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/191/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:LASER PHOTOLYSIS ON THE THZ BEAMLINE AT THE AUSTRALIAN SYNCHROTRON
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T033500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T035500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-190@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Ruth Plathe (Australian Synchrotron)\nLaser photolys
is is a new capability that is presently being added to the THz/Far-IR bea
mline. This technique will allow our users to perform pioneering spectrosc
opic studies at ultra-high spectral resolution on gaseous molecules of ast
rophysical interest\; it will also enable our users to study photochemical
changes in condensed-phase\, solid and biological systems after or during
laser irradiation.[1][2]\n\nThe addition of lasers will also allow a host
of sunlight driven reactions to be studied\, providing a source of radica
ls such as OH or halogens.[3]\n\nWe currently have to two lasers: A 40 W c
w CO2 laser from Monash University\, operating at 10.6 μm\, and\, a 10 Hz
pulsed 480 mJ Nd:Yag Surelite Continuum laser from La Trobe University\,
operating at 1064\, 532\, 355 and 266 nm\nA photolysis gas cell is also av
ailable for use. It is suitable for creating steady-state chemical popula
tions with the laser\, which can then be probed by the Synchrotron source.
We are the only THz beamline with these capabilities.\n\nREFERENCES\n[1]
J Nishii et al\, “Photochemical reactions in GeO2-SiO2 glasses induced
by ultraviolet irradiation: Comparision between Hg lamp and excimer laser
” Physical Review B 52.3 (1995): 1661.\n[2] Kaiser\, Ralf I.\, et al. "U
ntangling the chemical evolution of Titan's atmosphere and surface–from
homogeneous to heterogeneous chemistry." Faraday discussions 147 (2010): 4
29-478.\n[3] W.J.R. French\, “Hydroxyl Airglow Temperatures above Davis
Station\, Antarctica”\, University of Tasmania\, Australian Antarctic Di
vision (2002)\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contribution
s/190/
LOCATION: NCSS Seminar Room
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/190/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:The AXXS Upgrade Proposal
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-189@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Mark Boland (Australian Synchrotron)\nThe Australian
Synchrotron has been in operation for users since 2007 while the first el
ectron beam was achieved ten years ago. This proposal is for an upgrade to
the accelerator systems and improve the source for the next set of beamli
nes proposed in Science Case Two to keep the facility state-of-the-art for
the decades to come. The concept is to replace the existing storage ring
with a Diffraction Limited Storage Ring\, upgrade the injection system to
a full energy x-band linac which can be used for an X-Ray Free Electron La
ser. The project to develop these plans is entitled Australian X-Band X-Ra
y Source (AXXS).\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contribut
ions/189/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/189/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Water and organic solvent behavior of thin and long cellulose nano
fibrils easily deconstructed from Australian arid grass T. pungens
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151125T041000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151125T043000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-188@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Nasim Amiralian (The University of Queensland)\, Pra
theep Kumar ANNAMALAI (The University of Queensland)\nThe utilisation of l
ignocellulosic plant biomass has gained revived interest due to the increa
sed awareness fuel economy and sustainable materials. Many teams around th
e world are producing nanocellulose by the careful removal of some or the
entire matrix to produce nanocellulose. Recently we have discovered and pa
tented a unique\, very high quality grade of nanofibrillated cellulose (NF
C) or cellulose nanofibrils which can be isolated from Australian native s
pinifex grass\, with no aggressive chemical pre-treatment\, and with the l
owest reported mechanical energy [1]. When benchmarked against any known N
FC in both academic and commercial materials\, this nanocellulose has the
highest aspect ratio (length-to-thickness) achieved at very low energy con
sumption. In order to understand and correlate the low-energy processing o
f nanofibrils with structural morphology of grass\, we have studied the st
ructural changes at length scales of fibrils and their bundles\, upon thos
e mild chemical and mechanical treatments using small angle neutron and X-
ray scattering technique. Here we have made the simplification that all po
lymers while chemically distinct are homeogenous to the perspective of sma
ll angle x-ray / and neutron scattering.[2] Our preliminary investigation
using X-ray diffraction\, SAXS and SANS under dry and swelling conditions
of the raw and isolated cellulose nanofibrils indicated that the cellulose
nanocrystals are embedded in a water-responsive (swellable) polysaccharid
e matrix. The presentation will be made on the water and organic solvent b
ehaviour of native and isolated cellulose nanofibrils and their relationsh
ip with low-energy homogenisation.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/
event/12/contributions/188/
LOCATION: NCSS Seminar Room
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/188/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Visualising Evolution and Extinction through silicified fossil fru
its from Queensland.
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T003000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T005000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-187@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Anita Milroy (Central Queensland University)\, Anton
Maksimenko (Australian Synchrotron)\nA recent successful trial using the
Imaging and Medical (IMBL) at the Melbourne Synchrotron has revealed the i
nternal anatomy and morphology of rare\, three-dimensionally preserved\, 3
0 million year old silicified fruits from Capella\, in Central Queensland.
These IMBL scans are the first application of this technique to the study
of this kind of material. Previous medical CT scanning did not reveal any
internal information. During the permineralisation process silicates have
replaced the organic material of the fruit and thus biological informatio
n (such as DNA) is impossible to obtain. This in turn makes accurate taxon
omic classification extremely difficult. Physical sectioning of these rare
fossils for visualisation has many risks as it invariably destroys the sp
ecimen and is not guaranteed to produce any additional information. Howeve
r\, the current IMBL scans have provided us with accurate\, detailed image
s of the internal reproductive structures of these enigmatic fruits\, enab
ling\, for the first time\, a direct physical comparison between internal
morphologies of extinct and extant rainforest fruits. This extra vital in
formation effectively enables researchers to establish or confirm classif
ications to appropriate family\, genus and species. Accurate species iden
tification will help to advance knowledge of past environments and climate
s in Australia. Our collaboration specifically aims at combining art\, sci
ence and technology to explore various approaches in the visualisation of
this material\, to drive content not only for scientific publication\, but
for exhibitions in galleries and museums and thereby attract entirely new
audiences to this research.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/
12/contributions/187/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/187/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Nanoparticle Dose Enhancement of Synchrotron Beams on the IMBL
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T003000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T005000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-185@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Frank Gagliardi (William Buckland Radiotherapy Centr
e)\nNanoparticles with high atomic number (Z) have a larger x-ray cross se
ction than biological tissues. Synchrotron beams interact with the nanopar
ticles to produce Auger electrons which deposit their energy over a short
range\, typically less than a micron. This characteristic offers the abili
ty to enhance the dose delivered to tumors by synchrotron broad beam (BB)
or microbeam radiation therapy (MRT). High Z nanoparticles can also be use
d as a contrast agent for in-vivo x-ray imaging during the treatment setup
.\nHere we present our initial findings on the dose enhancement effect for
synchrotron beams on the IMBL using UV/Vis spectroscopy with radiosensiti
ve dosimeters irradiated with and without nanoparticles.\n\nhttps://events
01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/185/
LOCATION: NCSS Seminar Room
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/185/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:MECHANISMS OF L-SULFORAPHANE-INDUCED ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS DUR
ING PNEUMOCOCCAL ADHERENCE.
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-184@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Julia Liang (Baker IDI)\nPneumococcal disease caused
by Streptococcus pneumoniae\, a bacterium found in the upper respiratory
tract\, remains a leading cause of childhood mortality worldwide. Colonisa
tion of the nasopharynx is essential in pathogenesis\, facilitated by inte
ractions between specific bacterial and host factors. During this process\
, receptors and intracellular proteins stimulate a local inflammatory resp
onse. While vaccines are effective\, efficacy is limited where colonisatio
n is established. Similarly\, widespread antibiotic use has led to increas
ed rates of multi-drug resistant pneumococci. Hence\, alternative strategi
es are urgently required. L-sulforaphane (LSF)\, a compound derived from b
roccoli\, possesses anti-cancer\, anti-oxidant\, and anti-inflammatory pro
perties. Our previous findings demonstrate LSF can inhibit pneumococcal ad
herence to respiratory epithelial cells\, however mechanisms are still unc
lear. We hypothesise that LSF inhibits pneumococcal adherence to human res
piratory epithelial cells via modulation of host cell surface receptors\,
and/or inflammatory pathways. Using computational modelling in silico we d
eveloped molecular models of LSF and analogues to determine binding affini
ties to potential receptor targets of pneumococcal virulence factors. To i
nvestigate cell surface receptor expression on epithelial cells\, we used
immunofluorescence detection and western blotting to measure polymeric imm
unoglobulin receptor (PIGR)\, platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR) a
nd toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Finally\, we used Fourier transform infrar
ed microspectroscopy (FTIR) at the Australian Synchrotron to gain molecula
r and chemical spectra of human lung epithelial adenocarcinoma A549 cells
to gain mechanistic insights of LSF prevention of pneumococcal inflammatio
n. Understanding mechanisms of LSF in a model of will potentially have a m
ajor impact on child health.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/
12/contributions/184/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/184/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:EXAFS study on the structural properties of In and In + C implante
d Ge
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T025000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-183@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Ruixing Feng (Australian National University)\nGe ha
s been increasingly important in semiconductor application in the recent y
ears\, since it has the potential to be an alternative material replacing
Si in fabricating metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect-transistor for fu
ture metal oxide semiconductor devices. Here we study the effect of Indium
concentration on the structural and electrical properties of Ge with or w
ithout C co-doping. By using extended x-ray absorption fine structure and
x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy\, we found that in the case of In
implanted Ge\, In atoms occupy a substitutional site in the Ge lattice wit
h In concentration ≤ 0.3 at. %\, yet when In concentration is ≥ 1 at.
%\, In precipitates to from metallic particles as confirmed by transmissio
n electron microscopy\, evidence of an In – Vacancy complex is also appa
rent with EXAFS. With C co-implantation\, x-ray absorption spectra show th
at In precipitation was suppressed when the In and C concentration are ≥
1 at. % (also supported by transmission electron microscopy)\, and eviden
ce of In – C pairing formation was found in EXAFS. Hall Effect measureme
nt also showed that the carrier density significantly increased and In ato
m activation ratio was improved with C co-implantation. Density Functional
Theory was applied to calculate the binding energies of In – In\, In
– Vacancy and In – C clusters\, and it was found that In atoms have a
preference to pair with vacancies and C in Ge. The lattice structure of th
e samples were simulated using Density Functional Theory and compared with
the reulsts of XAS.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contr
ibutions/183/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/183/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Characterization of latent and etched ion tracks in apatite by sma
ll-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS)
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-182@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Allina Nadzri (Australian National University (ANU))
\nIon tracks consist of narrow (~10 nm)\, long (~10-100 μm) cylindrical d
efect regions that are left behind by high-velocity heavy ions when they p
ass through a solids. Such tracks are used for determining the age and the
rmal history of geological material by studying the number and length dist
ribution of chemically etched tracks that result from spontaneous fission
of natural inclusions of uranium in the material. The etching enlarges the
original damage area such that the track can be studied using optical mic
roscopy. \nThe present work investigates how differences in the un-etched
track morphology translate into etched ion track dimensions\, in particula
r the influence of different mineral compositions and thermal annealing. A
patite samples were irradiated with 185 MeV Au ions to simulate fission tr
acks. Subsequently\, the samples were chemically etched and the resulting
track morphology was investigated using synchrotron SAXS and scanning elec
tron microscopy (SEM). Results indicate that the etching process is highly
anisotropic\, exhibiting hexagonal etch-pits that depend on the mineral c
omposition and track orientation. \nThe annealing kinetics of un-etched tr
acks in different compositions and orientations of apatite were also inves
tigated using SAXS. The results show a dependence on the orientation of th
e tracks in the crystal\; tracks perpendicular to the apatite c-axis recov
er faster compared to tracks parallel to the c-axis. These results provide
important input to develop an understanding of the correlation of etched
and un-etched fission tracks and the use of SAXS as a tool for studying et
ched tracks.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions
/182/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/182/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Exploring the *in meso* crystallization mechanism by using synchro
tron Small Angle X-ray Scattering
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151125T033000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151125T035000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-181@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Leonie van 't Hag (University of Melbourne / CSIRO)\
nRecently\, the development of a novel *in meso* crystallization method ha
s facilitated the structural determination of several biologically relevan
t membrane proteins (MPs). However\, *in meso* crystallization remains poo
rly understood as MPs are difficult to express and handle. An improved und
erstanding of this technique can lead to an improved success rate and faci
litate the structural determination of more MPs. These structures are impo
rtant for rational drug design and designing new treatments for a wide ran
ge of diseases. \nBicontinuous cubic phases are the most commonly used lip
id phases for *in meso* crystallization. The proposed mechanism states tha
t the membrane protein or peptide is initially uniformly dispersed in the
cubic phase but that crystals grow from a local lamellar phase which acts
as a conduit between the crystal and the bulk cubic phase. However\, there
is very limited experimental evidence for this theory. In this work we ha
ve explored this by characterizing the lipid mesophase microenvironment by
using synchrotron Small Angle X-ray Scattering with a micro-sized beam du
ring crystal growth of the DAP12-TM peptide of which the structure was rec
ently solved. Crystal growth was indeed found to occur from the cubic meso
phase\, and a highly-oriented local lamellar phase was observed consistent
with the co-location of the lamellar phase at a crystal face supporting t
he proposed mechanism for in meso crystallization. A new observation of th
is study is that some crystals may give rise to diffraction at wide angles
which is of potential use in locating these crystals.\n\nhttps://events01
.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/181/
LOCATION: NCSS Seminar Room
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/181/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Time-resolved phase evolution during creation of nanoporous Cu cur
rent collectors by a dealloying approch
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-180@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Tingting SONG (RMIT University)\nDealloying is used
to fabricate nanoporous metals\, and is a process where less noble compone
nts (e.g. Al) in the precursor (e.g. AlCu) are dissolved\, leaving the nob
ler elements (e.g. Cu) to a nanoporous structure. Nanoporous Cu is desired
in lithium-ion batteries as current collectors\, which can provide large
surface area for active materials. From the perspective of phase evolution
\, it was reported that only Al-rich phase (e.g. fcc α-Al(Cu)\, tetragona
l Al2Cu) can be dealloyed completely to form fcc Cu\, but not Cu-rich phas
e (e.g. monoclinic AlCu\, cubic Al4Cu9) placing limitations in creating na
noporous Cu. \n\nTo further understand it\, we carried out in-situ and ex-
situ dealloying experimentation at synchrotron powder diffraction beamline
. We selected two two-phase Al-Cu precursors (at.%): Al55Cu45 (Al2Cu and A
lCu) and Al45Cu45 (AlCu and Al4Cu9) alloys. The time-resolved phase evolut
ion results showed that\, in all three cases\, the dealloying of two phase
s started in sequences with the formation of Cu. The dealloying of the rel
atively Al-rich phase (e.g. AlCu in Al45Cu55) started preferentially and s
ubsequently it would promote the dealloying of relatively Cu-rich phase (e
.g. Al4Cu9 in Al45Cu55). This study improves the understanding of dealloyi
ng of AlCu and demonstrates the capability of creating more nanoporous cop
per via multiphase precursor designing.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.or
g.au/event/12/contributions/180/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/180/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:In-Situ Investigation of Electrodeposited Manganese Dioxide Thin F
ilm Electrodes using Powder Diffraction
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-179@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Madeleine Dupont (University of Newcastle)\nManganes
e dioxide has proven to be an excellent electrode material for electrochem
ical capacitors due to its high capacitance\, low cost and low toxicity. I
n particular\, thin film electrodes have been shown to exhibit extremely h
igh capacitance values\, which may be attributed to their low resistance a
nd good electrolyte accessibility.\n\nAnodic electrodeposition of manganes
e dioxide from an acidic solution of Mn2+ ions has produced electrodes wit
h specific capacitance in excess of 2000 F/g. However\, it has often been
observed that the capacitive performance of thin film electrodes decreases
significantly as film thickness increases. This effect has been partially
attributed to the decrease in specific surface area that occurs with long
er deposition times\, but is also expected to be affected by other materia
l properties such as crystal structure.\nIn this work\, the crystal struct
ure of manganese dioxide films was examined in-situ using powder diffracti
on. Manganese dioxide films were deposited anodically from a solution of M
nSO4 in H2SO4 (of varying concentrations) for up to 3 hours. The effect of
deposition conditions on the crystal structure was determined and the fil
ms were performance tested to identify any relationship between the materi
al structure and the capacitive performance. These results will lead to a
better understanding of how the deposition conditions can be tailored to o
ptimise the performance of electrodeposited thin films.\n\n\nConsequently\
, an understanding of the deposition mechanism and its effects on the crys
tal structure are vital for improving the performance of electrodeposited
manganese dioxide electrodes.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event
/12/contributions/179/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/179/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:The solution structure of Sr33
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T005000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T011000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-178@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Lachlan Casey (University of Queensland)\nThe recogn
ition of fungal effectors by plant NOD-like receptors (NLRs) is an importa
nt step in defense. The coiled-coil (CC) domains of these proteins are kno
wn to be necessary and sufficient for response. Two structures have previo
usly been solved\, which show highly divergent conformations. The CC domai
n of the potato NLR\, Rx\, adopts a compact\, monomeric four-helix bundle\
, while that of a barley protein\, Mla10\, was observed as an extended hom
odimer which was thought to be constitutively present\, posing problems fo
r mechanisms of self-association induced signaling. \n\nWe have solved the
solution structure of the CC domain from the related wheat resistance pro
tein Sr33 by NMR spectroscopy. This protein has high sequence similarity t
o Mla10\, but our structure reveals a compact\, Rx-like four-helical bundl
e. We subsequently analysed all three proteins by synchrotron SAXS\, suppo
rted by MALS and analytical ultracentrifugation. We found that the CC-doma
ins of Sr33\, Mla10 and Rx are in fact monomeric in solution\, with some e
vidence of weak self-association. Furthermore\, the NMR structure of Sr33
is consistent with the dilute scattering from all three proteins. \n\nOur
work thus reconciles the Mla10 structure with existing models of signallin
g by demonstrating that a stable monomeric fold exists. We suggest that th
e conformation in the Mla10 crystal is a rare state that may be involved i
n signaling\, and that the combination of this with the NMR structure of S
r335-120 provides a more complete model of the system.\n\nhttps://events01
.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/178/
LOCATION: NCSS Seminar Room
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/178/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:The innate immune system is associated with gene expression modula
tion in skin distant from irradiated sites.
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T000000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T003000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-176@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Helen Forrester (Hudson Institute of Medical Researc
h)\nMicrobeam radiotherapy (MRT) utilizes high intensity synchrotron gener
ated X-rays collimated planar microbeams (~25 µm). MRT showns promise for
cancer treatment\, effectively ablating tumours while causing less normal
tissue damage compared to conventional broadbeam (BB) radiotherapy. Synch
rotron radiation also has low scattering making it ideal to investigate no
n-targeted\, systemic radiation effects (i.e.\, abscopal effects). Althoug
h abscopal effects such as non-targeted tumour shrinkage and DNA damage ar
e observed in distant tissue\, the molecular mechanism is unknown. To inve
stigate the molecular radiation response in distant non-target tissue\, hi
nd flanks of C57BL/6J mice were irradiated with synchrotron MRT and BB and
gene expression levels were measured in distant skin. DNA damage response
genes\, Trp53 and Mdm2\, are decreased in distant skin after both BB and
MRT. To determine if these effects are due to the innate immune system\, i
mmunodeficient mice were irradiated with MRT. These mice showed no decreas
e in the Trp53 and Mdm2 genes in distant skin. Furthermore\, Trp53 increas
es in distant skin from macrophage depleted mice. Also\, in distant skin f
rom Ccl2 deficient mice\, the levels of Mdm2 and the inflammatory genes\,
Tgfb1\, Tnfa\, and Ccl22 increases. In conclusion\, the innate immune syst
em is associated with suppression of genes in distant tissue which otherwi
se may induce inflammation in response to radiation-induced cytokines.\n\n
https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/176/
LOCATION: NCSS Seminar Room
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/176/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Synchrotron imaging of metallurgical coke for analysis of coke qua
lity
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151125T041000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151125T043000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-175@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: David Jenkins (CSIRO Digital Productivity Flagship)\
nMetallurgical coal is a major Australian commodity export\, worth more th
an A$20b *per annum*. It is used to make coke\, a vital component in stee
lmaking. High quality coke is important for successful operation of moder
n ironmaking blast furnaces. Crucial to coke quality is the strength and
reactivity of this porous composite material. There is a close relationsh
ip between coke quality and its microstructure\, which varies at micron sc
ale. As part of a comprehensive study of the factors that affect coke qua
lity\, from the properties of the original coal\, through the processing i
nto coke and then its utility in the blast furnace\, we have used the Imag
ing and Medical Beam Line at the Australian Synchrotron to study the relat
ionship between coke quality and its microstructure. In three separate pr
ojects\, we have (a) imaged coke to determine its cold strength (b) imaged
laboratory prepared samples to examine the transformation into coke and (
c) imaged progressively reacted coke at high temperatures to examine its b
ehaviour in the blast furnace. In this presentation we will present brief
results from each of these studies\, to illustrate the benefit of synchro
tron science to the coking coal industry in Australia.\n\nhttps://events01
.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/175/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/175/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Altering the UV-Vis spectra of photoactive molecules using small f
ragments
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-174@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Qudsia Arooj (1Molecular Model Discovery Labortary\,
Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology\, School of science\, Faculty o
f Science\, Engineering and Technology\, Swinburne University of Technolog
y\, Melbourne\, Victoria 3122\, Australia.)\n![Fig 1: The ZZX-OP dye deriv
atives with p-conjugated linkers and their simulated UV-Vis spectra][1]\n\
nQudsia Arooj1\, Feng Wang1*\, Zonghao Liu2\, Zhixin Zhao2\, Yi-Bing Cheng
3\n\nThe energy provided by the sun in one hour is larger than the energy
consumption globally each year thus it has been a challenge to convert sol
ar energy to electricity cost-effectively in organic dye sensitized solar
cells (DSSC). In recent years photoactive molecules such as the most recen
tly available zzx-op dyes have gained attention due to their potential to
construct high efficiency tandem cells with conventional n-DSSCs. A numbe
r of high performing p-type push and pull dyes\, i.e.\, zzx-op dyes which
consist of a perylenemonoimide (PMID) as an electron acceptor (A) and a d
i(p-carboxyphenyl)amine (DCPA) as an electron donor (D) and a pi-conjugat
ed linker for the D-pi-A dyes are recently synthesized. In this presentati
on\, we focus on the expansion of the UV-Vis spectra of these photoactive
molecules through rationally change the pi-linkers through molecular model
ling by combining their optimal combinations which best enhance the UV-Vis
spectra of the new photoactive molecules (Fig. 1). Time-dependent Density
functional theory (TD-DFT) simulation using DFT based PBE0/6-311G(d) mode
l are employed to simulate the UV-Vis spectra. The results have shown in t
he improvement of the UV-Vis absorption and preliminary results will be pr
esented.\n\n\n [1]: http://C:%5CUsers%5Cqarooj%5CDesktop\n\nhttps://event
s01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/174/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/174/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Advanced Micro-crystallography Single Crystal X-ray Diffraction Be
amline at TPS
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-173@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: LAI-CHIN WU (NSRRC)\nMolecular and crystal structure
are basic but always the key to understand physical and chemical properti
es. A dedicated small-molecule single-crystal X-ray diffraction beamline i
s therefore scheduled on phase-II beamline construction at Taiwan Photon S
ource. Undulator will be used as X-ray source to generate high brilliance
X-ray. The energy of this beam line is tunable within 8-32 keV depending o
n requirement. Monochromatic mode and pink beam mode both will be availabl
e at this beamline for different purpose. The monochromatic beam mode will
be selected by Double Crystal Monochromator (DCM) and the pink beam mode
(with bandwidth ~ 3 % or less) will be selected by Double Multilayer Monoc
hromator (DMM). Two pairs of focusing mirrors (HFM and VFM) will be used t
o focus the beam size down to few microns in diameter at sample position.
The end-stations will equip with four-axis diffractometer for data collect
ion.\n\nThis beamline is designed for advanced crystallographic purpose\,
which is not only dedicated to structure determination which cannot or ver
y difficult to be done by using in-house diffractometer\, but also to dete
rmine structure at non-ambient conditions and advanced studies. The techni
ques used at this beamline will cover (1) Time-resolved dynamic structural
study (2) Laue crystallography (3) High pressure single crystal crystallo
graphy (4) Photo-induced excited state structural study (5) Ultra-high res
olution charge density analysis (6) Resonance diffraction (7) Single cryst
al gas/solvent absorption-desorption (8) Micro-crystal and large porous st
ructure determination.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/con
tributions/173/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/173/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Performance of the PAL-designed all-in-one processor for PSIC or X
BPM in Pohang Light Source-II
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-172@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Yong Jun Park (Pohang Accelerator Laboratory)\nReal-
time monitoring of the beam position during whole measurement at synchrotr
on radiation facility is extremely important\, since it is essential to ma
intain the stability of the X-ray beam on the sample point. When a very fi
ne collimator is used before sample\, the stabilization of the beam positi
on in front of the collimator\, should result in stabilizing the incident
beam. Thus\, there are several kind of the beam position feedback systems
with the x-ray position monitoring system near sample position.\n\nWe deve
loped the 4-channel processor which is adaptable to PSIC(Position Sensitiv
e Ion Chamber) or XBPM (X-ray Beam Position Monitor). This all-in-one proc
essor includes all electric devices (high voltage supply\, current amplifi
er\, analog-to-digital converter\, etc) for X-ray position measurement. An
d\, it’s available for use with rocal mode and remote mode.\n\nThe resul
ts of 2μm spatial resolution with PSIC is possible to apply as a XBPM for
mostab FB (monochromator stabilizer feedback) system. Measured results an
d several calculated parameters (linear range\, spatial resolution\, posit
ional uncertainty\, etc) will be displayed. Whole data were collected and
analyzed at the beamline of Photon Test Facility in PLS-II.\n\nhttps://eve
nts01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/172/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/172/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Synchrotron FTIR microspectroscopy coupled with Principal Componen
t Analysis shows evidence for the cellular bystander effect
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151125T005000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151125T011000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-171@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Keith R Bambery (Infrared Microscopy Beamline\, Aust
ralian Synchrotron)\nSynchrotron Radiation - Fourier Transform Infrared (S
R-FTIR) microscopy coupled with multivariate data analysis was used to mon
itor the radiation induced cellular bystander effect. Living prostate canc
er PC-3 cells were singly irradiated with various numbers of protons\, ran
ging from 50-2000\, with an energy of either 1 or 2 MeV using a proton mic
roprobe. SR-FTIR spectra of cells\, fixed after exposure to protons and no
n-irradiated neighboring cells (bystander cells) were recorded. Principal
Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to analyse the data set. Spectral dif
ferences associated with changes in the nucleic acids and with changes in
protein secondary structure were observed in both the directly targeted an
d the bystander cells. The percentage of affected bystander cells versus t
he applied number of protons at the two different energies was calculated.
It was found that\, of all the applied doses\, 400 protons at 2 MeV was t
he most significant in causing macromolecular perturbation in PC-3 bystand
er cells.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/17
1/
LOCATION: NCSS Seminar Room
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/171/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Low temperature IR spectra of frozen solutions of Ferrocene – Th
e meeting place of experiment and theory?”
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-170@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Stephen Best (University of Melbourne)\nWhile the me
asurement of low-temperature spectra of “isolated molecules” can achie
ved by the use of noble-gas matrices\, a simpler method using paraffin wax
has been applied to the preparation of samples of ferrocene (Fc) for cryo
genic IR spectroscopy. By control of the solute concentration it has been
possible to achieve spectra characteristic of those obtained from RT solut
ions in non-coordinating solvents where the wax samples have the advantage
of being suitable for low temperature measurements\, avoiding further cry
stallisation during cooling.\n\nThe key IR bands sensitive to the conforma
tional form of Fc are found to have a complicated temperature dependence t
hat provides information on the conformational distribution of the species
and the shape of the potential energy surface. Importantly\, the low temp
erature spectra give a pattern of IR bands in excellent agreement with cal
culation (band splitting and intensities). The study has implications both
in terms of the conformational analysis of the archetypal organometallic
arene\, Fc\, but also the relationship between the calculated and observed
IR spectra of molecules with low energy conformational barriers.\n\nhttps
://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/170/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/170/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Two-plane holography with customizable references
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-169@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Andrew Martin (ARC Centre for Excellence for Advance
d Molecular Imaging\, School of Physics\, University of Melbourne)\nFourie
r-transform holography is an established method of high-resolution coheren
t x-ray imaging\, but is limited by the need to fabricate highly specific
reference structures. Traditional reference structures must be coplanar wi
th the sample\, and are typically fabricated along with the sample. We hav
e recently developed the technique of holography using an arbitrary custom
izable reference\, greatly enhancing the flexibility of experimental geome
tries and allowing for the reference scatterer to be upstream of the sampl
e. In this way\, holography can be offered as a permanent technique provid
ed by a coherent imaging beamline\, rather than requiring a sample modific
ation fabricated by the user. We will present the first results obtained a
t the Soft X-Ray Imaging branchline at the Australian Synchrotron.\n\nhttp
s://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/169/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/169/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Probing molecular and crystalline orientation in solution-processe
d perovskite solar cells
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-168@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Wenchao Huang (Monash University)\nWe investigate th
e microstructure of solution-processed organometallic lead halide perovski
te thin films using a combination of synchrotron based techniques. Using a
combination of GIWAXS and NEXAFS spectroscopy we separately probe the ori
entational alignment of CH3NH3PbI3 crystallites and CH3NH3+ cations. The G
IWAXS results reveal that the orientation of CH3NH3PbI3 crystallites is se
nsitive to film thickness\, solvent evaporation rate\, and the underlying
TiO2 morphology. In perovskite films prepared by a gas-assisted method\, o
riented perovskite crystallites are detected in thin films (~60nm) deposit
ed on a dense TiO2 blocking layer. As the thickness of the perovskite laye
r is increased to ~250 nm\, however\, this preferential orientation of per
ovskite crystals disappears. In contrast\, for both thin and thick perovsk
ite films deposited on an underlying mesoporous TiO2 layer randomly orient
ated crystallites are observed. NEXAFS measurements on all samples prepare
d by the gas-assisted method found that CH3NH3+ cations exhibit a random m
olecular orientation with respect to the substrate\, independent of the Ti
O2 architecture and the perovskite film thickness. The lack of any NEXAFS
dichroism for the thin CH3NH3PbI3 layer deposited on planar TiO2 in partic
ular indicates the absence of any preferential orientation of CH3NH3+ cati
ons within the CH3NH3PbI3 unit cell for as-prepared layers (that is\, with
out any poling). Solar cells based on the thicker (~ 250 nm) perovskite fi
lms were also prepared to enable correlation with microstructural results\
, with solar cells based on planar TiO2 achieving an efficiency of 14.3% c
ompared to 12% for cells fabricated with mesoporous TiO2 layers.\n\nhttps:
//events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/168/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/168/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Developments on the Powder Diffraction Beamline at the Australian
Synchrotron
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T035500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T041500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-167@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Justin Kimpton (Australian Synchrotron)\nThe Powder
Diffraction (PD) beamline at the Australian Synchrotron has successfully o
perated its User Programme since 2007 enabling many research teams to prod
uce world-class outcomes. The rapid data collection capabilities coupled
with the wide array of sample stages and environments permit an expansive
range of *in situ* powder diffraction experiments. This presentation desc
ribes recent upgrades\, new developments and future plans for the PD beaml
ine that will enhance experiment capability. The hardware and software up
grades to the MYTHEN detector are discussed as well as the integration and
performance of the new Mar345 image plate detector with a bespoke adjusta
ble stand. The image plate area detector will be used for experiments whe
re two-dimensional data collection is required (e.g. high pressure diamond
anvil cell\, texture… etc.) and offers compatibility with existing samp
le stages and environments\, and improved configuration flexibility. The
presentation will also cover upgrades to existing equipment that will bene
fit most ambient and high-temperature capillary experiments. A new multi-
position coin cell battery sample stage and several planned future beamlin
e upgrades designed to increase sample throughput will also be presented.\
n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/167/
LOCATION: NCSS Seminar Room
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/167/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:A structural study and magnetic properties of electrospun carbon/m
anganese ferrite (C/MnFe2O4) composite nanofibers
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-166@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Pinit Kidkhunthod (Synchrotron Light Research Instit
ute (Public Organiztion))\nCarbon/manganese ferrite (C/MnFe2O4) composite
nanofibers were fabricated using electrospinning technique followed by car
bonization process under mixed of air and argon atmosphere at 400\, 600 an
d 800 ˚C\, respectively. The prepared composite nanofibers were character
ized by X-ray diffraction (XRD)\, scanning electron microscopy (SEM)\, tra
nsmission electron microscopy (TEM)\, vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM)
and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) including X-ray absorption near ed
ge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS).
After calcination at 800 ˚C\, the composite nanofibers of C/MnFe2O4 were
obtained with a mean diameter of nanofibers of approximately 700 - 800 nm
. The structure of MnFe2O4 was successfully studied using XAS technique a
nd was found to be cubic spinel with a coupling of Mn2/Mn3+ and Fe3+ oxida
tion states . All composite nanofibers exhibited ferromagnetic behavior es
pecially after being calcined at 800 ˚C. This ferromagnetic properties we
re related to the distribution of cations over tetrahedral and octahedral
sites as revealed by EXAFS results.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au
/event/12/contributions/166/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/166/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Silica nanoparticles acting as light nanocondensers
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-165@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Elena P. Ivanova (School of Science\, Faculty of Sci
ence\, Engineering and Technology\, Swinburne University of Technology\, H
awthorn\, Vic\, Australia\, 3122)\, Miljan Stefanovic (School of Science\,
Faculty of Science\, Engineering and Technology\, Swinburne University of
Technology\, Hawthorn\, Vic\, Australia\, 3122)\, Vi Khanh Truong (School
of Science\, Faculty of Science\, Engineering and Technology\, Swinburne
University of Technology)\nThe development of functional nanocoating is cr
ucial in the manufacturing process\, possessing the potential to increase
both surface corrosion and deterioration resistance properties. In particu
lar\, silica nanoparticle (SiO2 NP) coatings have been widely used to incr
ease corrosion-\, wear- and tear-resistance. For instance\, in industrial
applications\, steel surfaces are initially coated with polyester polymers
and then further coated with SiO2 NPs. However\, the effect of environmen
tal factors upon these dual protection layers pertaining to steel substrat
a still remains unknown. In this study\, we employed various surface chara
cterization techniques to ascertain both the physical and chemical propert
ies of SiO2 NP-coatings on a polyester-coated steel substratum. The modifi
ed substrata were exposed to hot and humid environments with high levels o
f UV-light irradiation over a period of five years. It is found that surfa
ces coated with SiO2 NPs\, lead to an increased surface roughness on the n
ano-scale\, as inferred from atomic force microscopy and optical profilome
try. The rate at which surface roughness increased was found to be five ti
mes greater than that of substrata without SiO2 NP coatings. Furthermore\,
chemical characterization of SiO2 NPs-coated steel substrata was performe
d using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and synchrotron IR micro-spectros
copy. Despite coating degradation\, SiO2 NPs were found to be present on t
he surfaces. One innovative mechanism proposed in this study\, is that SiO
2 NPs act as light nanocondensers\, enhancing the UV-light effect upon the
degradation of polymer-coating between SiO2 NPs.\n\nhttps://events01.sync
hrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/165/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/165/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:THERMAL EXPANSION OF MONOCLINIC NATROJAROSITE: A COMBINED TIME-OF-
FLIGHT NEUTRON AND SYNCHROTRON POWDER DIFFRACTION STUDY.
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-164@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Helen Brand (Australian Synchrotron.)\nJarosites and
related minerals are of great interest to a range of mineral processing a
nd research applications. In some industrial settings jarosite formation i
s encouraged\; for example to aid the removal of iron species from solutio
ns in hydrometallurgical processes. There has been a recent resurgence in
interest in jarosite minerals since their detection on Mars by the MER rov
er Opportunity. In this context\, the presence of jarosite has been recogn
ised as a likely indicator of the presence of water on Mars in the past.
It is hoped that study of their formation mechanisms\, stability and therm
oelastic properties will provide insight into the environmental history of
Mars as well as informing terrestrial industrial concerns. To this end we
are engaged in a program to study jarosites\, their formation and stabili
ty behaviour\, over a range of conditions.\nThis contribution describes in
situ powder diffraction experiments to determine the thermal expansion of
a deuterated natrojarosite. Data were collected on the HRPD beamline at t
he ISIS spallation source where the natrojarosite sample was heated from 1
0–700K\, and at the powder diffraction beamline at the Australian synchr
otron where the sample was heated from 80-700K.\nEquations of state have b
een fitted to the data and the thermal expansion tenor determined. Full st
ructural refinements show that anisotropic expansion of the structure is d
riven by the hydrogen bonding network. Details of the combined neutron-syn
chrotron analysis approach will be discussed.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrot
ron.org.au/event/12/contributions/164/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/164/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:The influence of Ni and Zn additions on microstructure and phase t
ransformations in SnCu solder joints
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-163@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Qinfen Gu (Australian Synchrotron)\nMicroalloying\,
in which the solidification structure is preferably and significantly modi
fied by trace elements\, is a key method for improving Pb-free interconnec
tions in electronic devices. Microalloying Ni or Zn is expected to modify
the Sn–0.7Cu alloy in different ways. This research examines the influen
ces of minor/trace additions of Ni and Zn concurrently on the development
of the microstructure\, the interfacial reactions and the stability of the
intermetallics in Sn–0.7Cu solder alloys and associated joints\, using
X-ray radiography\, X-ray florescence analysis\, X-ray diffraction and ele
ctron microscopy. It shows that minor Zn additions (∼0.15 wt.%) result i
n the formation of a CuZn intermetallic in the interdendritic region durin
g solidification\, whereas a small amount of Ni completely changes the sol
idification mode and a eutectic microstructure is obtained. When Ni is add
ed\, small particles of primary (Cu\,Ni)6Sn5 intermetallic forms in advanc
e of the solidification front. Microalloying Ni and Zn concurrently refine
s the microstructure and leads to a more continuous\, finer-grained and st
able interfacial Cu6Sn5 intermetallic and suppresses the growth of Cu3Sn.
The Ni and Zn are homogeneously distributed in interfacial Cu6Sn5 and inhi
bit the polymorphic phase transformation of Cu6Sn5. This stabilizing effec
t minimizes the thermal expansion mismatch between interfacial Cu6Sn5 and
the Cu substrate. The findings have important implications for the manufac
ture of high-reliability lead-free microjoints.\n\nhttps://events01.synchr
otron.org.au/event/12/contributions/163/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/163/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Three dimensional visualization of nanoscale structure: High contr
ast X-ray nanotomographic imaging at Pohang Light Source II
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T034500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T040500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-162@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Sangsul Lee (Pohang Accelerator Laboratory\, POSTECH
)\nThe synchrotron-based hard X-ray nanotomography beamline\, named X-ray
Nano Imaging (XNI)\, has been established since 2011 at sector 7C of Pohan
g Light Source-II (PLS-II).\nThe XNI beamline was constructed primarily as
a full-field X-ray microscopy for the inner structures study of biology a
nd material science. Normal operation mode provides 46 nm resolution for s
till images and 100 nm resolution for tomographic images\, with a 40 μm f
ield of view using objective zone plate which has 50nm outer most zone wid
th. Additionally\, for large-scale application\, it is capable of a 110 μ
m field of view with an intermediate resolution. \nCurrently 7C XNI upgrad
e is scheduled to deliver high flux X-rays to transmission X-ray microscop
y (TXM) system for cutting edge science and industrial application with th
ree dimensional visualization. In this talk\, we present current applicati
on and upgrade status including optics design\, key instruments and extend
ed applications.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contribut
ions/162/
LOCATION: NCSS Seminar Room
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/162/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:The Eclipse™ treatment planning system for microbeam radiotherap
y trials at the Australian Synchrotron
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T005000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T011000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-161@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jeffrey CROSBIE (RMIT University)\nBefore clinical t
rials of synchrotron microbeam radiotherapy (MRT) on humans can occur\, a
computerised treatment planning system (TPS) to calculate the dose distrib
ution in the patient must be developed and validated. To satisfy this requ
irement\, we use a research licenced version of the Eclipse™ TPS from Va
rian Medical Systems. This research license allows for customised dose cal
culation algorithms to be integrated with the clinical work-flows in Eclip
se™ that are typical to modern radiotherapy.\n\nOur treatment planning s
ystem is designed for the dynamic MRT modality that has been developed for
the Imaging and Medical Beamline. It uses a pencil beam convolution algor
ithm for dose calculation\, and allows for the design of customised confor
mal masks. For the treatment itself\, the white beam is collimated to a 30
mm wide and 1 mm high field which illuminates the MRT collimator\, which
in turn produces 50 um wide vertical microbeams separated at 400 um center
-to-center. The sample and a mask is then dynamically swept through this a
rray of microbeams\, producing a dose of radiation in the sample that is c
onformal to the mask aperture.\n\nDose calculation considers the sample ge
ometry derived from conventional CT data\, custom bolus structures\, confo
rmal masks\, and multiple fields. Beam configurations and sample stage mot
ions are limited so as to reflect the actual limits on the beamline. We ha
ve compared the output from the MRT TPS to measurements on the beamline\,
and documented our experiences in using it for planning the delivery of kn
own doses to samples.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/cont
ributions/161/
LOCATION: NCSS Seminar Room
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/161/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Unraveling how electronic and spin structures control macroscopic
properties of manganite ultra-thin films
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151125T000000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151125T003000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-159@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Andrivo Rusydi (National University of Singapore)\nP
erovskite manganites exhibit fascinating transport and magnetic properties
. With the development of thin film technologies\, more exotic properties
have been observed in doped-manganites over a wide range of temperatures.
Unraveling the interplay of spin\, charge and orbital degrees of freedom t
hat drives exotic\, macroscopic properties is therefore crucial for the un
derstanding of strongly correlated electron systems. Using a combination o
f transport\, spectroscopic ellipsometry\, X-ray absorption spectroscopy a
nd X-ray magnetic circular dichroism\, we observe two concomitant electron
ic and magnetic phases (insulating paramagnetic phase for T~195 K and insu
lating cantedferromagnetic for T~140 K) with an intermediate metal-like st
ate in ultra-thin La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) film on DyScO3 substrate. Surprisi
ngly\, the O2p-Mn3d hybridization strength reduces with decreasing tempera
ture\, driving the system more insulating and ferromagnetic. The Jahn–Te
ller effect weakens markedly within the intermediate temperature range\, m
aking the system more metal-like. We also apply this comprehensive method
to a LSMO film on SrTiO3 substrate. We find strong electron-electron and e
lectron-hole interactions manifested in Wannier-like exciton and high-ener
gy resonant excitons in SrTiO3 strongly influences physical properties. I
will introduce fascinating phenomena of high-energy optical conductivity i
n correlated electron system\, using the case of LaAlO3SrTiO3 heterostruct
ure in which different mechanisms for the polarization divergence compensa
tion in insulating and conducting interfaces are found.\n\nhttps://events0
1.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/159/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/159/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Membrane fusion: a riddle\, wrapped in a mystery\, inside an enigm
a
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T051500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T060000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-158@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jennifer Martin (University of Queensland)\nMembrane
fusion is a fundamentally important process required for transport of cel
lular cargo. It is essential - for example - in neurotransmission and bloo
d glucose control. \n\nThe 2013 Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology was
awarded to Rothman\, Schekman and Südhof for their discovery of the mole
cular machinery supporting SNARE-mediated membrane fusion. This machinery
is conserved from yeast to humans. Consequently\, we know that two protein
families are required for every membrane fusion event: \n(i) SNARE protei
ns\, and\n(ii) Sec1/Munc18 (SM) proteins.\n\nThe SNARE proteins are locate
d on different membranes and zip together in response to specific signals
to bring the two membranes into close proximity. Formation of the SNARE pr
otein complex is thought to be essential for providing the energy required
for the two membranes to fuse.\n\nThe role of the SM proteins has proven
much more difficult to define. Some reports describe a positive regulatory
role for SM proteins on SNARE complex formation and membrane fusion. Othe
r reports conclude a negative regulatory role. \n\nThis presentation explo
res the molecular basis of SNARE-mediated membrane fusion. A range of comp
lementary biophysical methods were used including synchrotron MX and SAXS\
, as well as SANS with contrast-matching and chemical cross-linking with m
ass spectrometry. These technologies have allowed us to probe the atomic i
nteractions and conformational changes that occur in these fascinating yet
enigmatic nano-machines.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/
contributions/158/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/158/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Overview of the ‘New’ Imaging and Medical Beamline
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T000000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T003000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-157@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Daniel Hausermann (Australian Synchrotron)\nThe Imag
ing and Medical Beamline (IMBL) opened for users in October 2012. In 2013
June 2015 was set as milestone for completing the Phase II research infras
tructure funded by NHMRC. To achieve this we embarked on an ambitious desi
gn and implementation programme requiring 50% of the beamtime for developm
ent and commissioning\, a considerable loss for our users. We however reac
hed our objectives by June 2015 so that new and/or higher performance rese
arch techniques and facilities are now commissioned. Consequently 75% of t
he beamtime is now available to users\, 90% in 2016. We therefore encourag
e new and established users from material science to clinical research to
apply enthusiastically for beamtime. With this in mind we will describe th
e new facilities in detail and illustrate their performance with results f
rom recent experiments. Meanwhile a recap of the main IMBL characteristics
and facilities is given below.\n\n - Source to sample distance up to 135m
\, beam size up to 4cm x 50cm (white and monochromatic).\n - 7 detectors w
ith a wide range of field of view\, resolution\, efficiency and speed.\n -
Extensive research infrastructure for *in vivo* studies with animals rang
ing from rodents to sheep.\n - 3 main modes of operation: High dose step-a
nd-shoot microbeam radiation therapy at 20m\; High speed computed tomograp
hy (CT) and dynamic MRT at 35m\; High resolution imaging and CT at 135m.\n
\n![The robotic large animal positioning system in the IMBL satellite buil
ding][1]\n\n\n [1]: https://owncloud.synchrotron.org.au/index.php/apps/fi
les/?dir=/PPS#/PPS/LAPS.jpg\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/1
2/contributions/157/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/157/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Synchrotron scanning fundamentally changing how dinosaurs and othe
r vertebrates can be both studied and “excavated” from embedding rock.
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-156@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Tom Rich (Museum Victoria)\nScanning of the small di
nosaur Leaellynasaura amicagraphica at the Australian Synchrotron is makin
g possible the eventual reconstruction of its entire skeleton. Embedded i
n extremely hard rock\, its bones are simply too fragile to ever physicall
y extract from rock. However\, by making a 3D rapid prototype print of th
e scanned bones\, it will be possible to reconstruct a skeletal mount for
study and display. Currently disarticulated\, it will be possible to recon
struct the skull by manipulation of 3D rapid prototypes of the various pre
served components. \n\nMicroscanning of tiny teeth of mammals contempora
neous with Leaellynsaura and other South Polar dinosaurs dinosaurs has pe
rmitted production of 3D rapid prototype prints X10 natural size\, facilit
ating both their study and exhibition. Particularly critical\, such scans
have also made possible precise measuring of fossils still partially embe
dded in the rock.\n\nThe same scan data have been used for non-destructive
histological investigations of the internal structure of mammalian teeth
- specimens so rare that such investigation was previously impossible. \
n\nFrom the perspective of a vertebrate palaeontologist\, the technologica
l advance most sought is the advancement of methods to automatically diffe
rentiate between fossils and rock automatically. At present\, manual proc
essing of literally thousands of slices is often required simply because t
he density contrast between fossils and the surrounding rock is not great
enough with current techniques to automate this critical step. The 3D prin
ts currently produced in this laborious way provide a unique understanding
of the morphology\, not possible using any other known technique.\n\nhttp
s://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/156/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/156/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Some novel imaging and diffraction capabilities on B16 Test Beam L
ine at Diamond Light Source\, UK
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-155@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Alexander Lunt (Department of Engineering Science\,
University of Oxford)\nThe development of micro- and nano-focusing optics
is a key factor for the advancement of capabilities of modern synchrotron
radiation beamlines. We present two newly developed micro-focusing optics
systems recently commissioned at the B16 Test Beam Line at Diamond Light S
ource\, UK: Compound Refractive Lenses (CRLs) and Kirkpatrick-Baez (KB) mi
rrors. These setups facilitate studies at the micro- and nano-meter length
scale using both monochromatic and polychromatic radiation.\n\nThe main e
mphasis of B16 is placed on combining imaging and diffraction to study com
plex engineering materials such as alloys\, ceramics\, tissues and crystal
structures. The results of four recent high resolution studies are presen
ted in order to demonstrate the capabilities of the CRL and KB focusing ar
rangements:\n\n1. Phase composition and residual strain mapping in a venee
red zirconia dental prosthesis\n\n2. Nano-scale mapping of lattice strain
and orientation inside carbon core SiC fibres [1]\n\n3. Development of an
iterative algorithm capable of providing quantitative broadband Fresnel ph
ase retrieval under white beam conditions\n\n4. X-ray birefringence imagin
g to probe orientation properties of molecules and/or bonds in anisotropic
solids [2]\n\nReferences:\n\n[1] N. Baimpas\, A.J.G. Lunt\, I.P. Dolbnya\
, J. Dluhos & A.M. Korsunsky\, Carbon 79 (2014) p. 85-92.\n\n[2] B.A. Palm
er\, G.R. Edwards-Gau\, B.M. Kariuki\, K.D.M. Harris\, I.P. Dolbnya\, S.P.
Collins\, Science 344\, (2014) p. 1013-1016.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrot
ron.org.au/event/12/contributions/155/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/155/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Status of PAL-XFEL Project
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151124T223000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151124T231500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-154@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: In Soo Ko (PAL)\nPAL-XFEL project is aiming to produ
ce 0.1 nm coherent X-ray laser to photon beam users. In order to produce s
uch photons\, there are 10-GeV electron linac based on S-band normal condu
cting accelerating structures and a 150-m long out-vacuum undulator system
. The project was already started in April 2011\, and the 1.11 km-long bui
lding is completed\, and many parts of the linac and undulator systems are
being installed. The beam commissioning is expected to be started in Janu
ary 2017. In this talk\, I will briefly introduce the project in general.\
n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/154/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/154/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Transformation of silver nanoparticles in the environment
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T034500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-153@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Enzo Lombi (University of South Australia)\nThe tran
sformation of manufactured nanoparticles under natural conditions is a cha
llenging area of research due to the environmental low concentrations that
can be expected at present time. We have investigated the transformation
of nanoparticles from consumer products and along the wastewater\, biosoli
d soil pathway using a range of approaches. For instance\, we developed an
d tested a nano in situ deployment device (nIDD) in which plasma polymeriz
ation is used to immobilize Ag-NPs on a substrate which allows us to analy
se\, through XANES\, nanoparticles upon exposure and retrieval in/from dif
ferent complex environmental compartments. These devices can be constructe
d in a variety of ways to cater for the research question of interest. In
the examples reported here\, plasma polymerization was used to immobilize
the Ag-NPs on polyimide tape for XANES analysis and on Si wafers for XPS i
nvestigations. The nIDDs were exposed to a range of environmental conditio
ns including a freshwater lake\, a marina\, freshwater and saltwater sedim
ents\, a sewer system and to the atmosphere in a number of cities in Austr
alia\, Europe and the US. Exposure time varied from few hours (sewer syste
m) to a few weeks (air exposure). In the technological and environmental c
ompartments the chemical and physical conditions play a dominant role in d
etermining Ag speciation. Complexation of Ag by reduced sulfur groups was
the key transformation mechanism but variability existed within various co
mpartments. Further development is ongoing to integrate nIDDs with other d
evices to expand their use beyond speciation assessment and to NPs other t
han Ag.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/153/
LOCATION: Conference Rooms
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/153/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Molecular-level understanding of metals in geo-fluids: combination
of synchrotron-based XAS and ab initio molecular dynamics
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T011000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T013000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-152@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Yuan Mei (CSIRO)\nAqueous fluids under wide range of
T-P conditions are an essential medium for transporting metals in the Ear
th’s crust. Metals are dissolved by forming complexes with ligands such
as chloride and bisulfide\, and understanding the nature and thermodynamic
properties of these complexes is crucial for predicting solubilities of m
inerals and the mechanics of ore formation. Synchrotron based in-situ X-ra
y Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) can provide insights into the molecular st
ructures and thermodynamic properties of metal complexes in situ up to con
ditions beyond the critical point of water. With the advance of high-perfo
rmance computing techniques\, ab-initio Molecular Dynamics (MD) provides a
n independent means to determine the nature and stabilities of metal compl
exes\, and particularly delivers independent crosschecks and reliable mole
cular models to help interpreting XAS data.\n\nHere we demonstrate our rec
ent studies of combining XAS and ab-initio MD in understanding the speciat
ion\, structural properties and thermodynamic stability of Zn(II)-Cl/HS\,
Pd(II)-Cl/HS\, and Pb(II)-Cl complexes. The bond distances\, coordination
numbers and Debye-Waller factors for these metal complexes obtained from a
b-initio MD are broadly consistent with the XAS results. The complex geome
tries and stoichiometries calculated from MD also agree with the XANES mea
surements. By combining the results from MD and XAS with existing solubili
ty data\, we recalculated the thermodynamic properties of Zn(II)-Cl/HS and
Pd(II)-Cl/HS complexes\, and predicted the solubilities of zinc and palla
dium in hydrothermal fluids with improved accuracy and reliability.\n\nhtt
ps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/152/
LOCATION: Conference Rooms
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/152/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Computing developments and tools supporting beamline science at th
e Australian Synchrotron
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-151@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Andreas Moll (Australian Synchrotron)\nThe Scientifi
c Computing and IT group at the Australian Synchrotron develops software t
ools to support beamline science\, maximise the user experience and accele
rate the scientific outcomes of their beam time. Our suite of open source
tools facilitate better and more streamlined data collection integrated wi
th automatic and real-time processing\, the results of which can inform de
cisions about further data collection during the user's beam time\, optimi
zing the data they can collect at one visit. In addition\, we have develop
ed stand-alone data analysis workflow tools designed for processing and an
alysis of data\, both at the facility and post-experiment at the user's ho
me institute.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contribution
s/151/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/151/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Chemistry and Single Molecule Magnetism of Halogenated 8-Quinolino
latodysprosium(III) Complexes
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T025000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-149@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Owen Beaumont (Monash University)\nLong term data st
orage devices\, such as computer hard drive disks\, utilize magnetic field
orientations of ferromagnet arrays to encode and store information.The si
ze of these devices is therefore contingent upon the size of the magnets u
sed. Molecules capable of magnetic hysteresis\, termed single molecule mag
nets\, are of interest then as a means to miniaturize data storage devices
. Realization of this application however requires single molecule magnets
capable of magnetic hysteresis above the temperature of liquid nitrogen.
Effort to increase single molecule magnet thermal stability is therefore t
wofold. The first is the discovery of new single molecule magnets. The sec
ond is the elucidation of how chemical structure influences the thermal st
ability of single molecule magnet magnetic hysteresis. Details on the disc
overy of three new single molecule magnets along with ongoing efforts to e
lucidate the influence of structure upon thermal stability of magnetic hys
teresis will therefore be covered.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/
event/12/contributions/149/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/149/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Successful outreach at the AS and work-integrated learning
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-148@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: David Hoxley (La Trobe University)\nThe Chief Scient
ist of Australia\, amongst others\, has observed that student engagement (
and hence learning) in Science\, Technology\, Engineering and Maths (STEM)
wanes despite the growing importance of a technologically literate popula
tion. It is widely held that disengagement flows from disconnection betwee
n students' experience in the classroom and science as professionally prac
tised.\n\nA connection to science as a human endeavour can be repaired by
involving students in research at large facilities such as the AS\, where
elite groups of scientists are brought together in well-supported\, cross-
disciplinary teams to conduct well-planned\, intensive experiments using v
ery modern equipment. It is thus natural to invite novice scientists to th
e facility for pedagogical purposes (i.e. 'outreach').Care must be taken t
hat students do not become mere bystanders in science. While hands-on invo
lvement is engaging\, it is difficult to imagine in such a delicate scien
tific environment. Other barriers are transport\, teacher relief\, and fac
ility time.\n\nWe summarises the state of the art in synchrotron outreach\
, at the AS and elsewhere\, and suggest solutions to the problem of scalin
g and engagement beyond one-off excursions. These include remote access\,
targeted leadership programs\, and wider community engagement. We conside
r the evidence for and against the effectiveness of various forms of outre
ach to engage student learning\, and argue that effective outreach can be
considered as a form of Workplace Integrated Learning (WIL).\n\nhttps://ev
ents01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/148/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/148/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:The BHP2 protein - an evolutionary perspective on the intrinsic ap
optotic pathway
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T011000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T013000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-147@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Sofia Caria (La Trobe University)\nApoptosis or prog
rammed cell death is a crucial response to perturbations in physiological
conditions\, allowing an organism to determine if a given cell can be elim
inated when unneeded\, damaged or dangerous for the organism. In this mech
anism the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein family plays an important role
in regulating the homeostasis [1]. \n\nSponges are the phylogenetically o
ldest existent members of the Metazoa phylum. It has been demonstrated tha
t *Geodia cydonium* (*G. cydonium*) and *Suberites domuncula* possesses po
lypeptide sequences with high sequence similarity to Bcl-2 protein members
[2]. The study of these proteins is highly relevant for the understanding
of the evolution of apoptosis across species. BHP2\, a *G. cydonium* pro-
survival Bcl-2 protein\, has been shown to be involved in apoptotic pathwa
y [3]. \n\nIn this study the BHP2 protein biochemical characterisation usi
ng ITC as well as its structure determination in complex with a BH3-only p
eptide has enable us to shine light on the sponges apoptosis mechanism and
compare it to others previously characterized such as the mammalian and v
iral. A better understanding of how apoptosis evolved across species might
yield value information for rational drug design. \n\nReferences:\n[1]- K
vansakul M et al. (2014) *Method Enzymol.* 544\, 44-79. \n[2]- Wiens M et
al. (2000) *J. Mol. Evol.* 50\, 520-531.\n[3]- Wiens M et al. (2001) *Cell
Death Differ.* 8\, 887-98.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/1
2/contributions/147/
LOCATION: NCSS Seminar Room
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/147/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Improved Absorption and Phase Contrast PIV Via Multi-Source Imagin
g Techniques
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-146@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: George Goonan (Monash University)\nPrevious research
in the field of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) has highlighted the need
for high spatio-temporal resolution [[1]] as well as a distinction betwee
n static and dynamic imaging optimization [2]. Traditional single-source i
maging systems optimized for small spot sizes are constrained by physical
limitations\, such as maximum anode power density. By utilising multiple s
ources with small spot sizes\, anode power density is maintained while inc
reasing overall brightness. The resultant image (see Figure 1)\, while not
necessarily suitable for static imaging\, provides increased information
density for more accurate PIV analysis. \n\nPresented here is the prelimin
ary investigation into multi-source PIV imaging regimes. Two forms of this
technology are displayed\; Aperture-type applications (see Figure 1)\, an
d the characteristically equivalent flat-panel array source applications.
Through computational simulations experimentally validated using a liquid
metal jet source\, we demonstrate this novel technology’s capability for
significantly increased PIV accuracy with reduced source luminosity. We f
urther demonstrate that these properties can be greatly enhanced by judici
ous selection of source location and system geometry. \n \n![Aperture-type
Multi-Source Imaging. The overlapping images\, whilst creating blur for s
tatic imaging\, increases information density for dynamic imaging. Source
credit: Rajeev Samarage][1]\n\n [1]: http://s30.postimg.org/ilz3fzhfl/MSP
CX_small.png\n\n[[1]] S. Dubsky\, S. B. Hooper\, K. K. W. Siu\, and A. Fou
ras: J. R. Soc. Interface 9 (2012) 2213.\n\n[2] I. Ng\, D. M. Paganin and
A. Fouras\, J. Appl. Phys.\, vol. 112\, no. 074701\, pp. 1-11\, 2012.\n\nh
ttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/146/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/146/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Pore microstructure variation in gradient consolidation of Pearl R
iver Delta saturated clay
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-145@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jing Song (Sun Yat-sen University)\, Sam Yang (CSIRO
\, Manufacturing Flagship)\nClayed soils have been widely used in engineer
ing foundation treatment in the coastal field to solve the issues of creep
problems\, the deformation\, and strength of drainage consolidation. The
microstructure porosities and pore size distribution of the clayey soil in
the Pearl River Delta were studied by techniques of SEM and pressure grad
ient method. The loading was investigated based on the stress to improve t
he efficiency of saturated clayed soil foundation treatment. The effect of
stress distribution on mechanical properties in the consolidation process
was also investigated through the rate of anisotropy characteristics in t
he same full of saturated soft clay. It was found that small pores were in
creased with increasing loading of clay samples. Large pores with diameter
of over 4 μm were obviously decreased with increasing loadings because o
f the squeeze effection which generated much more smaller pores. And the m
aximum principal stress and pore size with short axis angle were reduced.
Furthermore\, on the horizontal profile of samples\, the round-like pores
were abundant\, but the direction was not obvious. While on the vertical p
rofile\, the pores were relatively flat with low abundance and the obvious
direction. All of these indicated that the isotropic characteristic of cl
ayed soil was gradually appeared with increasing pressure gradient. So the
stress change in the consolidation process of the saturated soft clay is
important in engineering which would be performed step by step based on th
e stress to improve the efficiency of saturated soft clay foundation treat
ment.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/145/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/145/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:A Method for the Simultaneous Collection of the data for X-ray Com
puted Tomography and X-ray Fluorescence Computed Tomography
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-144@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Alex Winnett (Swinburne University of Technology)\nT
his project aims to demonstrate a method for the simultaneous collection o
f the data for X-ray Computed Tomography (XCT) and X-ray Fluorescence Comp
uted Tomography (XFCT) at the Imaging and Medical Beamline\, in conjunctio
n with Swinburne University of Technology. XCT is known to give high quali
ty morphological images of a specimen\, while FXCT potentially provides fu
nctional information. Combining these two image methods provides complimen
tary information and has several advantages\, such as reducing the radiati
on dose a patient would receive if the techniques where collected separate
ly. \n\nInitial testing was conducted on a 4 cm diameter plastic cylinder
(the phantom) with along the axial direction that was filled with Iodine s
olution as the fluorophore. This design emulates a rat head\, where the ho
les represent vessels or tissues stained using Iodine based contrast agent
s. The beam was modulated using a 5 mm thick aluminium comb with 1 mm wide
tines\, producing bright and dark regions and resulting in modulation of
the fluorescence signal emitted by the fluorophore as the phantom rotated
through the pattern\, without affecting the XCT reconstruction. We hypothe
sise that this modulated fluorescence signal can then be reconstructed to
prove spatial knowledge of the fluorophore. \n\nResults from preliminary e
xperiments that demonstrate the feasibility of this experimental approach
will be presented.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contrib
utions/144/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/144/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Using the Synchrotron IR beam to develop optical markers for the c
haracterisation of coal and other components in urban dust samples
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-143@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Priyanthi Hapugoda (CSIRO)\nEstablishing health impa
cts of urban dust require quantitative particle size and composition infor
mation. For the coal industry\, dust is a significant responsibility. Coal
dust originates from mining\, transportation and coal usage. Public conce
rn is greatest where mines are in proximity to towns\, rail corridors and
ports. Although coal may only be one of the dust constituents\, there is a
n (often incorrect) perception that all black dust is coal\; it is therefo
re important to to present dust analysis information in a way which can ob
tain acceptance.\n\nWe used the Australian Synchrotron Infrared Microscopy
beamline to obtain chemical information for particulates including coal\,
diesel soot\, rubber\, organic matter\, plastic\, paint\, rust\, dirt and
determined their proportions in urban dust samples collected in the coal
transport corridor and coal ports.\n\nThe high spatial resolution of the S
ynchrotron IRM is ideally suited for the particles of interest which are i
n the 1-10 micron range. The Synchrotron is particularly useful to identif
y matter (e.g. organic) that is otherwise difficult to characterise. Samp
le spectra were recorded at the beamline microscope in Attenuated Total Re
flection mode which allows enhanced spatial resolution due to the high ref
ractive index of the ATR crystal element.\n\nOnce the particles are identi
fied we use them used as a ground-truth to train a supervised learning alg
orithm that will allow identification of dust components based on optical
microscopy. The optical images also provide the size information of indivi
dual particles and a method for presenting quantitative information on the
makeup of dust.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contribut
ions/143/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/143/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:XANES Iron K-Edge Speciation of Corroded Tube upon Victorian Brown
Coal Oxy-Fuel Combustion
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-142@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Iman Jabaz (Department of Chemical Engineering\, Mon
ash University)\, Lian Zhang (Deaprtment of Chemical Engineering\, Monash
University)\nOxy-fuel combustion is the burning of coal in the mixture of
recirculated flue gas and high-purity oxygen\, so as to reduce the carbon
emission from coal-fired power plant. The fly ash - related fouling and co
rrosion are some of the most crucial issues encountered in this process. U
nderstanding tube corrosion in this new combustion process is pivotal for
a successful adoption of this technology by the existing power plants. In
this work\, we have employed a horizontal furnace to study the fly ash-re
lated tube corrosion at 650 oC for the duration of 50 hr in air versus oxy
-fuel combustion mode. Six tubes and five different ashes have been tested
. The cross-section of the tube after exposure test was studied by using o
ptical microscopy (OM)\, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with e
nergy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS)\, and synchrotron X-ray absorption nea
r edge spectroscopy (XANES). As have been confirmed\, the corrosion of tub
e surfaces was substantially accelerated under the oxy-fuel combustion con
dition\, as compared to air. The ash composition also affected the extent
of the tube corrosion. With regard to different tube materials\, it was fo
und that\, SUS347 and T23 steel were corroded most intensively\, whereas S
S400 was affected slightly by flue-gas composition.\n\nhttps://events01.sy
nchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/142/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/142/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:The Thermal Expansion of Li and Na intercalated ZrW2O8
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-141@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Othman Al Bahri (The University of New South Wales)\
nThermal expansion has been associated with many factors limiting the func
tionality and lifetime of various devices. Zirconium Tungsten Oxide\, ZrW2
O8\, is known for its isotropic Negative Thermal Expansion (NTE) from 0.3
to 1050 K. In this study we report a novel approach to controlling the the
rmal expansion of this material. Li- and Na-ion batteries were constructed
with ZrW2O8 used as an anode into which Li and Na intercalates. The main
advantage of using batteries is the ability to precisely control the amoun
t of Li and Na that is inserted. Electrochemical analysis shows that ZrW2O
8 exhibits higher first discharge capacity of 463 mAh/g as an anode for Li
-ion batteries compared to 114 mAh/g in Na-ion batteries. In principle\, t
his suggests that more Li can intercalate into ZrW2O8 than Na. In situ syn
chrotron powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) data shows that Li and Na intercal
ates into ZrW2O8 as the batteries are discharged. While ZrW2O8 maintains i
ts stability as Na was inserted to the maximum capacity\, it breaks down i
nto an amorphous phase as Li is inserted. Interestingly\, in both cases no
shifts were observed in the ZrW2O8 reflection positions as Li and Na are
inserted which may suggest that ZrW2O8 is a zero-strain material for Li an
d Na insertion.\n\nSynchrotron VT-XRD will be used to quantify the effect
of the amount of intercalated Li and Na into ZrW2O8 on its thermal expansi
on and whether that may result in zero thermal expansion.\n\nhttps://event
s01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/141/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/141/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Reversible intermediate energy state of CVD graphene: A signature
of rippling?
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T011000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T013000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-140@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Hud Wahab (UNSW Canberra)\nThe application of graphe
ne in device technologies will require that the electronic band-structure
of different graphene materials is measured in detail and that graphene-su
bstrate interactions are well understood. Both\, the degree of sp2-hybridi
sation and the electronic band-structure can be directly probed with NEXAF
S. Furthermore the technique enables detailed studies of structural change
s at the graphene surface and at its substrate interface. \n\nOur NEXAFS s
tudies at the Australian Synchrotron have produced new evidence for a cont
entious state in graphene near 288 eV. This resonance has been intermitten
tly observed before by others and it is often referred to as an 'interlaye
r state' due to a perceived analogy with graphite.\n\nFor CVD-graphene syn
thesized on copper we see a pronounced anisotropy for this state and deriv
e an excitation energy of 288.3 eV and a partial overlap with an isotropic
contaminating resonance. After annealing and keeping the graphene in ultr
a-high vacuum\, the NEXAFS signature of the 288.3 eV state only gradually
appears and builds-up over several hours. This signature can be removed ag
ain by renewed annealing. The reversible phenomenon may thus relate to res
idual lattice mismatch between the graphene and the copper substrate. Asso
ciated stress may gradually be relaxed through the rippling of the graphen
e layer. Tilting angles of >20° appear possible. The rippling is evidence
d in our data by a correlated\, reversible non-linearity of the cos-square
-theta-dependence of the 285 eV π* resonance of graphene.\n\nhttps://even
ts01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/140/
LOCATION: Conference Rooms
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/140/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Single-shot elemental contrast imaging using PiXirad photon counti
ng detector
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-139@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Viona Shlemoon Khames Yokhana (La trobe university)\
nImage detection of an elemental interest in compound samples has a specif
ic interest in many research applications. Pixirad is a new X-ray imaging
system\, based on chromatic photon counting technology. The detector has a
capability to count x-ray photons transmitted through the object and prod
uce an image corresponding to the chosen energy thresholds at one exposure
. Combined with wide broadband polychromatic sources\, pixirad makes it po
ssible to produce elemental contrast imaging from a single measurement. Th
e technique operates in full-field imaging mode and uses two energy bandwi
dths before and after an absorption edge of an element of interest to atta
in its elemental distribution. In addition to the use of this detector\,
a three dimensional imaging of a soft tissue will also be applied.\n\nhttp
s://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/139/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/139/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:High Resolution Powder X-ray Diffraction beamline at Taiwan Photon
Source: Structural Characterization and Dynamics
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-138@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Yu-Chun Chuang (National Synchrotron Radiation Resea
rch Center)\nThe low emittance (1.6 nm·rad) synchrotron radiation ring\,
Taiwan Photon Source (TPS)\, has reached the design value of 3 GeV and del
ivered its first synchrotron light on the last day of 2014. In phase I\, T
PS comprises seven frontier beamlines\, which will be constructed and comp
leted commission before the end of 2015. At the excited moments\, a dedica
ted high resolution powder X-ray diffraction beamline is pro-posed to sati
sfy extensive PXRD user demand. Structure and kinetics of materials are al
ways the attrac-tive and fundamental issues for scientists. To satisfy ver
satile researches in chemistry\, physics and mate-rials\, a highly collima
ted and intense X-ray source will be produced by an in-vacuum undulator (I
U22) to obtain the highest possible brilliance in the range of 5-30 keV. A
large concentric 3-circle diffractometer equipped with a multi-crystal an
alyzer system and a fast position sensitive detector (MYTHEN 24K) were des
igned for high angular resolution and time-resolved studies respectively.
The polycrystalline materials under different non-ambient conditions\, suc
h as high/low temperature\, high pressure and gas de/adsorption\, will be
provided to investigate structural transformation. In addition\, to enhanc
e the beam-line efficiency\, a high throughput robot will be installed to
allow automated sample mounting. The in situ and time-resolved experiments
as well as structure determination from powder diffraction data will be e
mphasized in this beamline.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/1
2/contributions/138/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/138/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Effects of monochromatic synchrotron X-rays irradiation on functio
nalised gold nanoparticles treated prostate cancer cells
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T025000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-137@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Ravi Shukla (School of Applied Sciences\, RMIT Unive
rsity)\nThe concept of using gold nanoparticles for enhancement of radiati
on therapy appears to be promising approach for improved cancer treatment.
As gold is an excellent absorber of X-rays\, the cells loaded with gold n
anoparticles receive higher dose when compared to the untreated cells. Thi
s improved radio sensitization effect allows enhanced radiation induced ce
ll death and minimises the dose of radiation treatment there by reducing a
dverse side effects of cancer. Recently\, we have shown that epigallocatec
hin-gallate (EGCg) functionalized gold nanoparticles\, selectively bind wi
th excellent affinity to Laminin67R receptors\, which are over expressed i
n prostate cancer cells thus allowing the targeted delivery of nanoparticl
es to the cancer cells.\nIn this study\, we propose to investigate the rad
io (X-ray irradiation\, 0-12 Gy) sensitizing effect of functionalised gold
nano particles on prostate cancer cells (PC-3) using clonogenic survival
assays. The data from the clonogenic assays will not only enhance our unde
rstanding on role of EGCG led targeted mechanism in gold nanoparticles and
monochromatic X-ray mediated cancer cell death. But it also demonstrates
the efficiency of EGCG stabilised gold nanoparticles in X-ray does enhance
ment selectively in cancer cells.\n\nReferences\n\n1. Shukla\, R. et al
Laminin receptor specific therapeutic gold nanoparticles (198AuNP-EGCg) s
how efficacy in treating prostate cancer. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 20
12\, 109 (31)\, 12426−31.\n2. Hainfeld\, J. F. et al Radiotherapy enh
ancement with gold nanoparticles. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 2008\, 60 (8)\, 977
−85.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/137/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/137/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Elastic and Inelastic Properties under Simulated Earth’s Mantle
Conditions in LVPs in Conjunction with Synchrotron Radiation
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T005000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T011000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-136@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Hans J. Mueller (GFZ German Research Centre for Geos
ciences)\nThe interpretation of highly resolved seismic data from Earth’
s deep interior require measurements of the physical properties of Earth
’s materials under experimental simulated Earth’s mantle conditions. M
ore than a decade ago seismic tomography clearly showed subduction of crus
tal material can reach the core mantle boundary under specific circumstanc
es. That means there is no longer space for the assumption deep mantle roc
ks might be much less complex than deep crustal rocks known from exhumatio
n processes. Viscosity data of melts measured under in situ high pressure
conditions are crucial for the understanding of Earth’s lower mantle and
the interior of terrestrial and extrasolar Super-Earth planets. Consequen
tly in situ data of the elastic and inelastic properties of complex Earth
’s materials are of extraordinary importance for the interpretation of g
eophysical data from great depths of planets. Recent large volume presses
provide sample volumes of several cubic millimeters. Ultrasonic interfero
metry necessarily requires in situ sample deformation measurement by X-rad
iography. Time-resolved X-radiography makes in situ viscosimetry and even
the measurement of elastic and inelastic properties in the seismic frequen
cy range by using the recent deformation technique achievable. This way cu
rrent geophysical high pressure research is more and more bridging the gap
between indoor and outdoor seismology and supplies large ranges of engine
ering and other material sciences with excellent toolboxes to meet their d
emands. The paper presents recent techniques of geophysical and general ma
terial sciences high pressure LVP in situ conditions research and their re
sults.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/136/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/136/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Beamline Plan at Taiwan Photon Source
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T025000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-135@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Yu-Shan Huang (National Synchrotron Radiation Resear
ch Center)\nTaiwan Photon Source is designed to emphasize electron beams o
f small emittance and great brilliance for generating ex-tremely bright ph
oton beams. The superior characteristics of TPS have opened avenues for no
vel scien-tific opportunities and experimental techniques. The advanced te
chniques of seven phase-I beamlines include temporally coherent X-ray diff
raction\, protein microcrystollography\, submicron soft X-ray spec-troscop
y\, coherent X-ray scattering\, submicron X-ray diffraction\, X-ray nanopr
obe\, and resonant soft X-ray scattering. Taking full advantage of the hig
hly brilliant photon source\, the phase-I beamlines will aim for the foref
ront of science. These beamlines cover diverse researches in physics\, che
mistry\, biology\, and material science\, in the energy range from soft to
hard X-rays for advanced research in spectroscopy\, scattering and imagin
g. Scientific opportunities provided by the beamlines will no doubt boost
Taiwan frontier researches. Moreover\, phase-II beamline plan at TPS is un
der discussion. The eighteen phase-II beamlines will address complementary
advanced techniques to phase-I beamlines and relocate the fruitful scient
ific activities at Taiwan Light Source to the TPS.\n\nhttps://events01.syn
chrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/135/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/135/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:WHAT CAN YOU DO WITH A β-HELICAL STRUCTURE ?
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-134@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jason Paxman (Department of Biochemistry and Genetic
s\, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science\, La Trobe University\, Melbo
urne\, VIC)\nAutotransporter (AT) proteins are important virulence factors
and constitute the largest family of secreted and outer membrane proteins
in Gram-negative bacteria. Despite their importance in bacterial pathoge
nesis there are only 12 structures of AT α-domains in the PDB and their m
echanisms of action are poorly understood. Most structurally determined A
T α-domains were found to be built upon right-handed β-helical structure
s. Our crystal structure of Antigen 43a from uropathogenic Escherichia co
li (UPEC) showed that two self-associating interfaces along with bending o
f the β-helical structure were critical for dimerization\, which in turn
promotes UPEC aggregation and biofilm formation. Using the MX beamlines a
t the Australian Synchrotron along with some assistance from an Australian
Synchrotron fellowship we have determined the structures of two new AT α
-domains\; UpaB and TibA from UPEC and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) resp
ectively. These new structures demonstrate the large plasticity in their
β-helical scaffolds that along with further modifications\, allow these p
roteins with the same basic architecture to promote different functions in
pathogenesis. The UpaB structure revealed unique extensions of the β-st
rands at the centre of the β-helix that gives rise to a ‘belly’ domai
n. In contrast\, TibA forms a long narrow twisted β-helix that allows fo
r extensive interactions to occur between neighbouring monomers. Unusuall
y TibA is also glycosylated by an associated glycosyltransferase TibC. I
will discuss how these different structures and modifications facilitate i
nteractions with their newly identified protein binding targets and how th
is affects their role in bacterial pathogenesis.\n\nhttps://events01.synch
rotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/134/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/134/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Formation of CeO2 in CeTiO2 catalyst studied by the in situ XANES
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-133@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Yingyot Poo-arporn (Synchrotron Light Research Insti
tute)\nCerium-doped titanium dioxide was prepared by a sol-gel method usin
g Titanium(IV)-isopropoxide and Ce(NO3)3•6H2O as the Ti and Ce precursor
s. X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) measurement was performed
on the time-resolved XAS (Bonn-SUT-SLRI) beamline at Synchrotron Light Re
search Institute\, Thailand. The beamline employs an energy dispersive mon
ochromator and the position sensitive detector to record an XANES spectrum
. For as prepared Ce/TiO2\, XANES spectra show mainly the characteristic
peaks due to the Ce3+. To monitor transition mechanism between Ce3+ and Ce
4+ in Ce/TiO2\, the in situ XANES measurements were performed. Ce L3-edge
XANES spectra were recorded in 5 K intervals from 573 K to 823 K. Each sp
ectrum was recorded at 250 ms with the averaging of 10 scans. At temperatu
re lower than 763\, there was no significant changes of whiteline peak. Tw
o peaks corresponding to the CeO2 were clearly observed at 808 K. Althou
gh the calcinations temperature was increased to 823 K\, there was no sign
ificant change in Ce L3-edge XANES spectra. This result indicated the suff
icient temperature for CeO2 formation.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org
.au/event/12/contributions/133/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/133/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Creating a Stable Oxide at the Surface of Black Phosphorus
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-132@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Anton Tadich (Australian Synchrotron)\nThe stability
of the surface of in-situ cleaved bulk black phosphorus single crystals u
pon exposure to atmosphere is investigated using high-resolution synchrotr
on x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. We demons
trate that after 2 days exposure to atmosphere a stable 0.35nm thick phosp
horus oxide forms at the surface of the black phosphorus. Three types of
local phosphorus−oxygen environments are identified\, and it is found th
at the majority of the oxide consists of phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5)\, whi
ch represents the most thermodynamically favourable oxidation pathway. The
work function increases from 3.9 eV for as-cleaved black phosphorus to 4.
0eV after formation of the 0.35 nm thick oxide\, with the phosphorus core
levels shifting by less than 0.1 eV. These results indicate minimal charge
transfer between the oxide and the underlying black phosphorus layers.We
conclude that the native oxide formed on black phosphorus is a stable pass
ivation layer with minimal effect on the doping of black phosphorus. The n
ative oxide is also potentially attractive for the subsequent deposition o
f additional dielectric layers in order to fabricate metal-oxide-semicondu
ctor field-effect structures\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/
12/contributions/132/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/132/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:The Quick-scanning EXAFS Beamline at Taiwan Photon Source
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-131@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jeng-Lung Chen (National Synchrotron Radiation Resea
rch Center)\nThe quick-scanning EXAFS beamline using bending magnet at Tai
wan Photon Source (TPS) features a quick-scanning monochromator (Q-Mono) f
or time-resolved studies in series with a conventional double crystal mono
chromator (DCM). This beamline covers a wide energy range from 4.5 up to 3
4 keV. The quick-scanning capability allows the collection of a full spect
rum in millisecond range. All installed optical components can be used for
both quick-scanning and conventional step-by-step modes. There will be di
fferent coatings (Si\, Rh\, Pt) on both collimating mirror (CM) and toroid
al focusing mirror (TFM) for high-order harmonic rejection. Additionally\,
a micro beam will be achieved by Kirkpatrick-Baez (K-B) mirrors for the m
icroprobe analysis. The expected peak photon flux is 5 × 10^{11} photons/
s at 10 keV from SHADOW and XOP simulation with the beam size of 66 (h) ×
195 (v) μm^{2} in FWHM. It can be further reduced down to 20 × 20 μm^{
2} (FWHM) after K-B mirrors.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/
12/contributions/131/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/131/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Porous coordination polymers of alkyl amine ligands for carbon dio
xide capture
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T042500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T044500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-130@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Stuart Batten (Monash University)\nWe have been inve
stigating the use of alkyl amine ligands in the synthesis of porous coordi
nation polymers. The amine groups form part of the ligand backbones\, and
are designed to improve the selectivity of carbon dioxide capture over oth
er gases. More than 50 new ligands have been made\, and more than a dozen
porous frameworks identified and tested. The ligands investigated fall int
o three different categories: (i) azamacrocycles\, (ii) piperazines\, and
(iii) linear alkyl amines. Good carbon dioxide capacities and selectivitie
s have been observed\, as well as unusual structural transformations and i
nteresting structural features. Related work has also looked at the use of
these materials for the separation of complex aromatic hydrocarbon mixtur
es\, and the incorporation of metal carbonyl species into the ligand backb
ones\, with a view to creating new heterogeneous catalysts.\n\nhttps://eve
nts01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/130/
LOCATION: Conference Rooms
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/130/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:In Situ X-ray Diffraction Investigation of the Evolution of Pb-Oxi
de/Pb-Sulfate Surface Layers on Pb-Alloy Anodes
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151125T030000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151125T033000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-129@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Nathan Webster (CSIRO)\nThis presentation will descr
ibe the quantitative measurement\, by *in situ* X-ray diffraction (XRD) an
d subsequent Rietveld-based quantitative phase analysis and thickness calc
ulations\, of the evolution of the lead dioxide and lead sulfate surface l
ayers formed on a number of lead alloy anodes under simulated copper elect
rowinning conditions. A novel electrochemical flow cell is also described.
The work is the first truly *in situ* XRD study of the surface layer evol
ution on lead alloy substrates under cycles of galvanostatic (electrowinni
ng) and potentiodynamic (power interruption) conditions\, and as such is o
f key interest to the metallurgical and lead acid battery communities. In
a general sense\, the *in situ* results show that the β polymorph of lead
dioxide forms immediately on the anode under galvanostatic conditions\, a
nd undergoes continued growth until power interruption where it transforms
to lead sulfate. The amount of residual lead dioxide increases with the n
umber of cycles due to incomplete conversion to lead sulfate\, which affec
ts the electrochemical performance of the alloy. Specific variations in su
rface layer mineralogy and thickness as a function of cycle number and tim
e are used to explain differences in electrochemical performance across th
e alloy suite.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributio
ns/129/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/129/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:The x-ray crystal structure of microplasmin with a small-molecular
active site inhibitor PSI-112
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-128@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jason Wu (Department of Biochemistry and Molecular B
iology\, Monash University\, Clayton\, VIC 3800\, Australia)\nPlasmin (Plm
) is the active form of the zymogen plasminogen (Plg)\, a serine protease
which plays a key role in the fibrinolytic system and several other physio
logical activities. Physiologically\, Plg/Plm activity is regulated by spe
cific inhibitors and activators\, making it an attractive therapeutic targ
et for both traumatic bleeding and thrombotic diseases. Here we report the
first crystal structure of microplasmin (the catalytic domain of Plm) in
complex with a small-molecular active site inhibitor PSI-112 which is high
ly specific for Plm with IC50 of 0.22 µM. The crystal structure has been
determined to 1.62Å\, and the inhibitor binds to the substrate binding po
cket with extensive additional subsite interactions. This structure may be
helpful in developing a more Plm specific inhibitor as a new anti-fibrino
lytic agent used to reduce bleeding complications in cardiac surgery or li
ver transplantation.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contr
ibutions/128/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/128/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Synchrotron studies of chemotherapy drugs and their interactions\;
a novel application for graphene?
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T003000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T005000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-127@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Justin Wells (Norwegian University of Science and Te
chnology (NTNU))\nChemotherapy treatment usually involves the delivery of
fluorouracil (5-Fu) together with other drugs through central venous cathe
ters. Catheters and their connectors are increasingly treated with silver
or argentic alloys/compounds. Complications arising from broken catheters
are common\, leading to additional suffering for patients and increased m
edical costs. Here\, we use synchrotron techniques (PES and NEXAFS) to unc
over a likely cause of such failure. We study the surface chemistry releva
nt to chemotherapy drug delivery\, i.e. between 5-Fu and catheter material
s. We show that silver catalytically decomposes 5-Fu\, compromising the e
fficacy of the chemotherapy treatment. Furthermore\, HF is released as a p
roduct\, which will be damaging to both patient and catheter. We demonstr
ate that graphene surfaces inhibit this undesirable reaction and would off
er superior performance as nanoscale coatings in cancer treatment applicat
ions.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/127/
LOCATION: Conference Rooms
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/127/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Rational Design of Porous Coordination Polymers for Catalysis
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T025000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-126@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jamie Hicks (Monash University)\nOver the past coupl
e of decades\, Porous Coordination Polymers (PCPs) have been extensively s
tudied due to their variety of applications including gas storage\, small
molecule separations and sensors. Furthermore\, heterogeneous catalysis u
sing PCP’s has recently become an area of considerable interest\, as tun
ing the pore size can lead to selective catalysis in mixtures of reagents.
However\, these catalytically active PCP’s often require post syntheti
c modification of an existing framework with a catalytically active metal.
\n\nA number of novel dicarboxylate ligands have been synthesised\, which
include an additional metal coordination site within the main body of the
ligand itself\, such as a diazabutadiene moiety. Having this additional
coordination site allows for coordination of a catalytically active metal
centre to the ligand\, hence forming a metalloligand\, before the synthesi
s of the coordination polymer.\n\nWith the intention of using this relativ
ely unexplored route to rationally design PCP’s\, a range of metalloliga
nds containing second row transition metal species have been developed. O
ne such ligand\, containing a Mo(CO)4 fragment\, has successful been utili
sed in the formation of a heterometallic molybdenum/cadmium PCP\, with app
roximately 43% void volume. The Mo(CO)4 fragments line the edges of 1D so
lvent channels within the structure and therefore should be accessible to
substrates.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/
126/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/126/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Mg-carbonate minerals trap potentially toxic trace metals and CO2
at Woodsreef Mine\, New South Wales
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T221000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T222000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-125@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jessica Hamilton (Monash University)\nCarbon mineral
isation has been recognised as a safe and long-term means of trapping and
storing CO2 within mineral structures. The stockpiles of reactive\, finely
pulverised mine tailings produced by ultramafic-hosted mines are ideal se
ttings in which to observe and promote carbonation. This can be achieved b
y reaction of Mg-rich waste minerals with atmospheric or industrial CO2. C
onsequently\, there has been much interest in enhancing the rate of natura
l weathering processes at mine sites.\n\nWe have recently (October 2015) d
eployed the first ever field-scale experiments to accelerate CO2 sequestra
tion by enhanced weathering at the Woodsreef Chrysotile Mine in NSW\, Aust
ralia. Mine tailings commonly contain significant concentrations of potent
ially toxic metals (e.g.\, Cr\, Co\, Cu\, Ni)\, found within the crystal s
tructures of Mg-silicates\, sulfides\, oxides and metal alloys. Because ou
r field trial involves leaching tailings with acidic solutions\, which may
enhance metal mobility\, it was crucial that we first understand the ulti
mate fate of trace metals during enhanced weathering.\n \nSynchrotron X-ra
y fluorescence mapping indicated that recently precipitated (since 1983) c
arbonate minerals are sequestering first-row transition metals (i.e.\, Cr\
, Ni\, Mn\, Co\, Cu) trace metals\, likely via substitution for Mg\, withi
n their crystal structures. This demonstrates that accelerated carbonation
of metal-rich industrial wastes or mine tailings\, such as those at Woods
reef Mine\, is unlikely to generate metalliferous drainage and will not po
se an environmental risk.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/
contributions/125/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/125/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Radioactive? Tick\; Toxic? Tick\; Explosive? Tick. What could pos
sibly go wrong?
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T051500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T060000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-124@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Brendan Kennedy (The University of Sydney)\nInnovati
on drives science\, and synchrotrons are often a critical tool in this. C
onsequently many experiments done at synchrotrons are pioneering and/or un
ique. Despite the impression we may form when completing a Risk Assessmen
t prior to an experiment\, Synchrotrons are the antipathy of the nanny sta
te. The Australian Synchrotron frequently allows experiments under extreme
conditions with extremely reactive or toxic materials. As the title say
s what could possibly go wrong when heating a radioactive material under a
hydrogen atmosphere?\nIn this presentation I will describe our journey to
the riskier side of chemistry\, looking at structural transformations in
uranium\, technetium and osmium oxides. Each of these elements present uni
que handling challenges that are further compounded since we are intereste
d in the response of the materials to changes in temperature and environme
nt. Whilst my tool of choice is generally high resolution powder diffra
ction there is often the need to supplement this with spectroscopic inform
ation\; moving hazards from one beamline to the next\, always with the hop
e of being allowed back.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/c
ontributions/124/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/124/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:The Development of TPS Light Source in Taiwan: Phase-II Commission
ing and Future Planning
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151125T050000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151125T054500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-123@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Gwo-Huei Luo (NSRRC)\nThe construction of Taiwan Pho
ton Source (TPS) started in 2010 and the first light was emitted from the
beam port at the end of 2014. It was a swift record in commissioning two
new rings\, which took only 3 weeks to have the 150 MeV electron beam ramp
to 3 GeV in the booster and store 5 mA beam in the storage ring. The comm
ission of the TPS and fine-tuning the machine were carried out in the firs
t quarter of 2015 and the stored beam has reached 100 mA. The measured key
parameters are consistent and matched well with the designed targets. Esp
ecially\, the emittance value has reached the design goal. In the 2nd and
3rd quarters of 2015\, the TPS was shut down to install superconducting R
F cavities\, insertion devices (IDs)\, and beamlines. A new double mini-be
tay lattice is available for commission with the new 2 cavities and 10 IDs
. With three sets of double mini-betay IDs installed\, the TPS is expected
to eventually reach a 500 mA stored beam current. The average brightness
produced from the IDs will have a great opportunity to place the TPS at t
he crest of the synchrotron light community around the world.\n\nhttps://e
vents01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/123/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/123/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Deuterated recombinant protein production: A high yield\, robust a
nd reliable method using Escherichia coli
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T025000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-122@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Anthony Duff (ANSTO)\nIn support of neutron scatteri
ng studies of proteins\, we use a highly reliable method for the deuterati
on of a broad range of proteins by recombinant expression in Escherichia c
oli BL21. Typical biomass yields are 40-80 g/L wet weight\, yielding 50-50
0 mg/L purified protein. This method uses a simple\, relatively inexpensi
ve defined medium\, and routinely results in a high yield expression witho
ut need for optimisation. The key elements are: very tight control of exp
ression\, careful starter culture adaption steps\, media composition and s
trict maintenance of aerobic conditions ensuring exponential growth. Cult
ure temperature is reduced as required to prevent biological oxygen demand
exceeding maximum aeration capacity. The defined medium has glycerol as
the sole carbon source and we have not encountered an upper limit for the
size of proteins that can be expressed\, achieving excellent expression fo
r proteins from 11-154 kDa. The quantity produced at 1L scale ensures tha
t no small angle neutron scattering (SANS)\, nuclear magnetic resonance (N
MR) or neutron crystallography experiment is limited by the amount of deut
erated material available. Where difficulties remain\, these tend to be c
ases of altered protein solubility due to high protein concentration and a
D2O-based environment. This method is also applied to the recombinant mu
ltiple labelling (13C\, 15N\, 2H) of proteins for NMR investigations.\n\nh
ttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/122/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/122/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Beamline update and discussion: IMBL
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T014500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-121@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Daniel Hausermann ()\nThis session will provide an u
pdate on activities and capabilities at IMBL. The session aims to provide
users with the opportunity to discuss current and future needs with the be
amline team.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions
/121/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/121/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Self-Selecting Homochiral Quadruple-Stranded Helicates and Mesocat
es
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-120@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Stephanie Boer (Monash University)\nA series of quad
ruple-stranded Cu4L4 cages have been synthesised using ligands containing
a biphenylsulfonediimide core substituted with two amino acid groups. Ana
logous chiral complexes (helicates) and achiral complexes (mesocates) can
be formed by controlling or removing the stereocentres within the ligands.
\nHelicates\, complexes which have supramolecular chirality generated by a
helical sense within the complex\, are formed using leucine-substituted l
igands. These quadruple stranded Cu4L4 helicates contain copper paddlewhee
ls at either end with the four ligands twisting between the Cu2 units. Ch
anging the isomer of the amino acid changes the handedness of the helicate
\, with L-leucine forming the Λ helicate and the D-leucine forming the Δ
helicate. The helicate cages are also shown to be self-selecting\, as the
reaction of a mixture of L-leucine and D-leucine substituted ligands form
s the Δ and Λ cages with no product containing both ligands. \nThe chira
lity of the helicates can be disrupted by two different methods\, to form
a mesocate which lacks helical chirality. When the achiral glycine-derived
ligand is used a quadruple stranded mesocate is formed (analogous to the
chiral Cu4L4 cages) in which the ligands run straight ‘up-and-down’ th
e complex rather than in a helical manner. When a racemic DL-leucine-subst
ituted ligand is used a similar mesocate is formed.\n\nhttps://events01.sy
nchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/120/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/120/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:MRT Dosimetry at the Australian Synchrotron using the X-Tream Syst
em
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-119@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Andrew Dipuglia (University of Wollongong)\nMicrobea
m Radiation Therapy (MRT) uses synchrotron-generated X-rays to deliver a t
reatment dose at a very high dose rate via collimated planar\, parallel ar
ray of microbeams. The synchrotron X-ray beam on the Imaging and Medical B
eamline (IMBL) at the Australian Synchrotron (AS) is spatially fractionate
d by a tungsten carbide/kapton multislit collimator (MSC) giving beam dime
nsions of either 25 or 50µm FWHM microbeams with center-to-center spacing
of 200µm. Using these beam dimensions the dose volume effect is evident
and results in a tissue sparing effect. One consequence of this effect\, i
s healthy tissue sparing whilst maintaining tumor control. Due to the high
dose rate and complex structure of the radiation field\, current traditio
nal dosimeters are not optimal for dosimetry as they lack the required hig
h spatial resolution\, and/or real-time readout. The X-Tream dosimetry sys
tem\, is a system based on a Silicon Strip Detector (SSD) with real-time r
eadout and high spatial resolution\, and has been developed at the Centre
of Medical and Radiation Physics (CMRP). Preliminary dosimetric measuremen
ts at the AS\, for both broad beam and microbeams\, were investigated usin
g the X-Tream system and Pinpoint ionization chamber for dose calibration.
The Peak-to-Valley-Dose-Ratios (PVDRs)\, which are vital dosimetry parame
ters in the Quality Assurance (QA) in MRT\, were acquired and evaluated at
a variety of depths for both water and solid-water phantoms using a varie
ty of field sizes using both microbeam dimensions.\n\nhttps://events01.syn
chrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/119/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/119/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Quantitative characterisation of the white/ pink X-ray beam at the
Australian Synchrotron Imaging & Medical Beamline (IMBL)
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-118@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Andrew Stevenson (Australian Synchrotron/ CSIRO)\nA
critical phase for any synchrotron beamline involves detailed testing\, ch
aracterization and commissioning\; this is especially true of a beamline a
s complex as the Imaging & Medical Beamline (IMBL) [1-3]. IMBL staff and
expert users have been performing precise experiments aimed at quantitativ
e characterization of the primary white/ pink X-ray beam\, with particular
emphasis placed on the wiggler insertion devices (IDs)\, the primary-slit
system and any *in-vacuo*/ *ex-vacuo* filters.\n\nWe will describe our fi
ndings from these studies. Such results will benefit future IMBL users\,
especially those for whom detailed knowledge of the X-ray beam spectrum (o
r “quality”) and flux density is important. This information is criti
cal for radiotherapy/ radiobiology users\, who need to know (to \n\nhttps:
//events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/118/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/118/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Mechanistic insights into H9c2 differentiation of myoblasts to car
diac myocytes and skeletal muscle
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-117@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Katherine Ververis (Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Ins
titute)\nDifferentiation of embryonic rat ventricular H9c2 cardiomyoblasts
to cardiac myocytes and skeletal muscle has been used widely as a cell cu
lture model system since they were characterised by Kimes and Brandt. The
differentiation process and characterisation was further optimised by Mern
ard. Cardiac myocytes derived from H9c2 myoblasts are widely utilised to
investigate cardiac muscle biology and also to study the effects cardiac h
ypertrophy. The cardiotoxicity as well as the protective effects of vario
us compounds is typically explored in these cells. Despite their widesprea
d use there is still controversy surrounding the nature of cardiac myocyte
s and skeletal muscle derived from H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Therefore\, we i
nvestigated the differentiation process and characterised the expression o
f various markers by immunofluorescence and infrared microspectroscopy. Ou
r findings indicate that retinoic acid induces differentiation of H9c2 myo
blasts to cardiomyocytes in low serum supplemented with retinoic acid. Emb
ryonic myoblasts maintained in DMEM containing 10% FBS were cultured in DM
EM containing 1% FBS for seven days resulting in differentiation to skelet
al muscle. A seven day culture in low serum media supplemented with 10 nM
retinoic acid resulted in differentiation into cardiac myocytes. Immunoflo
urescence microscopy of MLC‐2v protein expression (which displays absolu
te cardiac tissue specificity) indicates overexpression of the protein in
retinoic acid treated cells. Further\, we explored chemical and elemental
maps of the three different cell types and show significant spectral chan
ges attributing to their differences. Overall\, our findings indicate that
the cells are well differentiated morphologically and express certain mar
kers that are typical for each cell type.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.
org.au/event/12/contributions/117/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/117/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Technique for the Identification of Phases and Phase Transformatio
ns in In Situ Diffraction Data
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T040500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T042500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-116@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Matthew Rowles (Curtin University)\n*In situ* X-ray
diffraction is a common technique for observing and determining structural
transitions in crystalline materials with changes in temperature\, pH\, p
ressure\, or some other driving force. In the analysis of metal hydride sy
stems\, there can be structural transitions composed of multiple phases fo
rming and decomposing simultaneously. These patterns are often overshadowe
d by high intensity peaks\, leaving the subtle phase transitions undetecte
d by conventional automated techniques. We are developing an automated met
hod based on wavelet peak identification and diffraction pattern derivativ
es to separate and identify these subtle phase transitions. The method wil
l include peak-to-phase assignment and possibly indexing.\n\nhttps://event
s01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/116/
LOCATION: Conference Rooms
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/116/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Functionalization of graphene via foreign atoms intercalation
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T000000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T003000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-115@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Chan-Cuk Hwang (Pohang Accelerator Laboratory)\nGrap
hene has many intriguing characteristics in its electronic structure. Its
conduction and valence bands meet at a Dirac point and the energy depends
linearly on the wave vector near the K-points\, similar to a relativistic
particle. The massless Dirac fermions have also chirality\, suppressing el
ectron backscattering. However\, real graphenes often show different elect
ronic structures depending on what they are facing. We provide angle-resol
ved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and scanning tunneling microscopy (
STM) results of graphenes grown on different substrates\, such as Ni\, Cu\
, SiC\, etc. The electronic structures can be modified by adsorbing or int
ercalating foreign atoms. Since the intercalation could be useful to give
a special function to graphene such as superconductivity\, we show some ex
perimental data for the intercalation of several atoms between graphene an
d substrate together with the role of steps\, defects\, domain boundaries
in real graphenes.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contrib
utions/115/
LOCATION: Conference Rooms
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/115/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Development of an image guidance protocol for MRT at IMBL
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-114@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Daniele Pelliccia (RMIT University)\nSynchrotron mic
robeam radiation therapy (MRT) is a novel\, preclinical form of radiothera
py that shows promise of providing a major advance in cancer control if su
ccessfully translated to clinical practice. To generate MRT\, the synchrot
ron beam is segmented by a collimator into a lattice of microbeams\, usual
ly 25-50 µm wide. The beams have minimal divergence and are spaced at reg
ular intervals of 200-400 µm. Typical radiation doses are 300-1000 Gy in
the peaks\, and 5-20 Gy in the valleys. This dose is delivered in millisec
onds. \nWe describe the developments in image guidance for the MRT sta
tion for preclinical small animal trials at the Imaging and Medical Beamli
ne (IMBL). Image guidance is required to guarantee precise control of the
radiation field to accurately deliver the prescribed dose to the target an
d not to surrounding structures. A valid protocol must be able to generat
e live images of the patient and register these with existing treatment pl
an. \nThe double Laue monochromator at IMBL allows for a 20 mm displacemen
t between the monochromatic beam and the pink beam. Either beam can be sel
ected by moving a slit. In-vacuo filtering is chosen to select the treatme
nt beam with mean energy of 95 keV. The monochromator is aligned to select
an imaging energy of 50 keV. After imaging the sample and the relevant be
am line components are translated into the treatment beam without changing
the beam filtration or the monochromator settings.\nExperimental results
of such an image guidance procedure will be presented.\n\nhttps://events01
.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/114/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/114/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Fluorine-Substituted Metal Hydrides for Thermal Energy Application
s
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151125T005000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151125T011000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-113@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Terry Humphries (Curtin University)\nMetal hydrides
have long been explored for their potential application in a variety of te
chnological applications including hydrogen storage materials for energy a
pplications\, fast-ion conductors and sensors. For thermal energy storage\
, such as concentrating solar thermal energy storage\, metal hydrides are
required to operate at temperatures in excess of 500 °C [1]. This tempera
ture is too high for even the more stable\, reversible hydrogen storage ma
terials\, and as such\, work has been undertaken to synthesise metal hydri
des that are stable and reversible at these high temperatures.\n\nOne prov
en strategic method to stabilise these materials is to substitute fluorine
atoms for hydrogen [2]. Fluorides are more stable than their hydride equi
valents and this can be exploited to increase the stability of metal hydri
des by partially substituting hydrogen for fluorine. For example\, for the
NaMgH3-xFx system\, pure NaMgH3 releases H2 at ~400 °C\, whereas NaMgH2F
decomposes at ~478 °C [2]. This effect has been employed for a number of
potential thermal energy storage metal hydrides\, such as NaH\, Mg2FeH6 a
nd Na2Mg2FeH8\, allowing for greater tuning of their thermal properties by
hydrogen/fluorine substitution. \n\nReferences\n\n1. D. N. Harries et al.
\, Proceedings of the IEEE\, 2012\, 100\, 539.\n\n2. D. A. Sheppard et al.
\, RSC Adv.\, 2014\, 4\, 26552.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/eve
nt/12/contributions/113/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/113/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:DCM characterization of material micro-structures with multi-energ
y synchrotron X-ray CT
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T040500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T042500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-112@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Sam Yang (CSIRO)\nQuantitative and sample-non-destru
ctive (SND) characterization of 3D microscopic composition distribution in
materials is important in a broad range of R&D disciplines. The X-ray CT
and image threshold segmentation approach has been widely used. Neverthele
ss\, it imposes a length-scale cut-off at the X-ray CT resolution limit\,
which would limit its usefulness for materials with multi-length-scale str
uctures beyond the CT imaging resolution range. \n\nBy integrating statist
ical physics and synchrotron-based multi-energy quantitative X-ray CT\, th
e data-constrained modelling (DCM) method (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Da
ta_constrained_modelling) can explicitly reconstructs material microscopic
distributions of materials in 3D which incorporates fine spatial structur
es below X-ray CT image resolution as voxel compositional partial volumes.
Consequently\, the fine length-scale information below the image pixel si
ze is preserved. Such true micro-structure analysis enables more accurate
modelling of material properties. The DCM methodology and its applications
will be presented in relation to advanced materials science\, oil & gas r
eservoir characterizations\, and micro-structre-based material properties
modelling.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/1
12/
LOCATION: NCSS Seminar Room
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/112/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:VIRTUALISATION OF BEAMLINE CONTROL SYSTEMS
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-111@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Nigel Kirby (Australian Synchrotron)\, Stephen Mudie
(Australian Synchrotron)\, Vesna Samardzic-Boban (Australian Synchrotron)
\nVirtualisation technologies have been introduced to control systems at t
he Australian Synchrotron (AS) and results of recent virtualisation on a c
ouple of beamlines are presented here. \nReasoning and motivation for hav
ing beamline Virtual IOCs (Input Output Controller’s) are: replacement o
f aging computers with physical ones is becoming expensive\, desire for re
duction of computing infrastructure complexity\, invest and build on new t
echnologies that are scalable/ upgradable (currently VMware vSphere archit
ecture/stack has four virtual machine hosts)\, need to reduce maintenance
and replacement effort\, increase reliability and reduce beamline down tim
e. \nGood progress and positive results using virtualisation technologies
for beamline control systems has been experienced. No issues with deploye
d Virtual IOCs were found so far. In the future we recommend to virtualise
all soft IOCs across the beamlines wherever performance allows.\nSmall an
d Wide Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS/WAXS) beamline has almost all of the c
ontrol systems virtualised. Both Photon Delivery System (PDS) and End Stat
ion soft IOCs have been virtualised. Only three IOCs – Data Acquisition
IOC (running on VxWorks Operating System) and two Pilatus detector control
lers (SUSE linux). They will remain running on these due to tight Real Tim
e (RT) requirements. \nInfra Red (IR) Microscope and Far IR beamline cont
rol systems have also been virtualised.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.or
g.au/event/12/contributions/111/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/111/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Phase evolution and structural transformation of electrodes for Li
- and Na-ion batteries upon cycling
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-110@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Zaiping Guo (University of Wollongong)\nLi-ion batte
ries (LIBs) are the primary choice of power source for portable electronic
devices\, including mobile phones\, laptops\, as well as electric vehicle
s. The working principle of a LIB is to store electric energy in chemical
form by using charge-balancing Li ions that reversibly insert into the ele
ctrodes. On the other hand\, Na-ion batteries (NIBs) are also considered o
ne of the best alternatives to LIB technology\, due to their similar elect
rochemistry\, potentially non-toxicity\, and the greater elemental abundan
ce of sodium leading to low-cost. In both LIB and NIB\, the structure and
chemistry of the electrodes are closely related and determine its function
al mechanism. A mechanistic understanding of the charge-carrier insertion/
extraction process in electrode materials is necessary to understand the e
lectrochemical properties that underpin battery function. In this presenta
tion\, we showcase examples of operando studies of both LIB and SIB using
synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction (PD) and X-ray absorption (XAS) data\
, collected on PD and XAS beamlines\, with sufficient information to extra
ct detail of the insertion/extraction mechanism and to give rational impro
vements for the developments .\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/even
t/12/contributions/110/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/110/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Synchrotron X-ray Tomographic characterisation of titanium parts f
abricated by additive manufacturing
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-109@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Nicola Scarlett (CSIRO)\nAdditive manufacturing tech
nologies are applicable to a wide range of materials (polymers\, ceramics\
, metals) and provide unprecedented design freedom and rapid prototyping o
pportunities. Synchrotron X-ray tomography (SXRT) has been applied to the
study of titanium parts fabricated by additive manufacturing (AM). The A
M method employed here was the Arcam EBM® (electron beam melting) process
which uses powdered titanium alloy\, Ti64 (Ti alloy with approximately 6%
Al and 6%V) as the feed and an electron beam for the sintering/welding. T
he experiment was conducted on the Imaging and Medical Beamline (IMBL) of
the Australian Synchrotron. The samples considered here represent a selec
tion of simple and complex shapes with a variety of internal morphologies.
They were chosen to investigate (i) the effect of build direction and co
mplexity of design on the surface morphology and final dimensions of the p
ieces and (ii) the location and nature of any defects within the pieces.
Such information combined with detailed knowledge of the process condition
s can contribute to understanding the interplay between design and manufac
turing strategy. This fundamental knowledge may subsequently be incorpora
ted into process modelling\, prediction of properties and the development
of robust build protocols for the production of defect free parts.\n\nhttp
s://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/109/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/109/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISATION OF THE RETROMER COMPLEX AND ASSOCIATED
SORTING NEXINS
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-107@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Norwood Suzanne (University of Queensland)\nRetromer
is a protein complex that plays a central role in endosomal traffficking.
Recently\, retromer dysfunction has been linked to several neurological d
isorders including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. The classical
mammalian retromer complex consists of a heterotrimeric cargo recognition
sub-complex (VPS26\, VPS29 and VPS35) associated with a dimer of proteins
from the SNX–BAR sorting nexin family that drives membrane deformation
and tubulation. By recruiting the cargo-selective sub- complex to the form
ing tubules\, the SNX–BAR coat complex mediates the retrograde transport
of proteins from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network. Recent studies\, h
owever\, have highlighted the functional diversity of retromer and identif
ication of new interacting proteins has revealed that the role of retromer
extends to aspects of endosome-to-plasma membrane sorting and regulation
of signalling events. Emerging evidence indicates that cargo specificity i
s mediated by specific sorting nexins. These include SNX3\, involved in th
e trafficking of the Wntless/MIG-14 protein\, and SNX27\, a PX-FERM protei
n that mediates the retrieval of the β2-adrenergic receptor. We have acqu
ired crystallographic and small angle scattering data to determine how the
core cargo recognition sub-complex assembles and to characterise the retr
omer-associated sorting nexins. We are using this structural information i
n combination with biochemical and biological studies in a synergistic app
roach to understand retromer-mediated endosomal protein sorting. The retro
mer complex is conserved across all eukaryotes and we are also currently e
xploring the structure and function of these proteins in zebrafish and *Ch
aetomium thermophilum*.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/co
ntributions/107/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/107/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Structural studies of the Moraxella catarrhalis DOXP reductoisomer
ase
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-106@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Richard Birkinshaw (Walter and Eliza Hall Institute)
\nEmerging resistance to current therapeutics and the inadequacies of curr
ent treatments for human diseases have led to a strong demand for the deve
lopment of novel therapeutics. Moraxella catarrhalis is a human mucosal p
athogen frequently associated with opportunistic respiratory and middle ea
r infections. As with other gram-negative bacteria\, it relies on the meth
ylerythritol (MEP) pathway for biosynthesis of terpenes\, essential second
ary metabolites. The MEP pathway is absent in humans providing an attracti
ve target for novel therapeutic design. \n\nThe first committed step in th
e MEP pathway is performed by the 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate (DOXP) re
ductoisomerase enzyme. We have expressed\, purified\, performed prelimina
ry kinetic analysis and solved crystal structures of the DOXP reductoisome
rase determined in three different forms related to its catalytic cycle. T
hese include a catalytically relevant inhibitory complex with fosmidomycin
(a DOXP analogue)\, which help to delineate features of the active site t
hat could be selectively targeted in the development of inhibitor-based th
erapeutics. This study provides a strong foundation for the rational desi
gn of novel DOXP reductoisomerase inhibitors in the future and provides a
new target to alleviate the burden on established anti-bacterial treatment
s.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/106/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/106/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:In-situ hydrogen absorption/desorption behaviour of Mg based alloy
s
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-105@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Qinfen Gu (Australian Synchrotron)\nHydrogen has the
potential to power much of the modern world with only water as a by-produ
ct\, but storing hydrogen safely and efficiently in solid form such as mag
nesium hydride remains a major obstacle. Here we use in-situ synchrotron p
owder X-ray diffraction to investigate the mechanisms of the hydrogen abso
rption and desorption in bulk Mg-Ni alloys. Our study shows that the hydro
genation of Na-doped hypoeutectic Mg-Ni alloys can be identified at a temp
erature as low as 260oC via an interface-controlled nucleation and growth
mechanism without any prior activation while dehydrogenation occurrs at ab
out 370oC. The sequence of phase transformations associated with these rea
ctions as well as the expansion properties of individual phases during hyd
rogen sorption reactions as provided by high resolution X-ray diffraction
data are also discussed. Furthermore\, as evidenced by an in-situ ultra-hi
gh voltage transmission electron microscopy study\, we find that the hydro
gen release mechanism from bulk (2 µm) MgH2 particles is based on the gro
wth of multiple pre-existing Mg crystallites within the MgH2 matrix\, pres
ent due to the difficulty of one hundred percent hydrogenation. In contras
t\, in thin samples analogous to nano-powders\, dehydriding occurs by a
‘shrinking core’ mechanism.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/eve
nt/12/contributions/105/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/105/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Coordination Polymers from Amine-Based Ligands
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-104@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Adrian Emerson (Monash University)\nThis research ha
s developed amine-based porous coordination polymers (PCPs) as materials f
or CO2 capture from coal-fired power plants. PCPs are a class of framework
materials built from a combination of organic linkers and metal ions whic
h display a wide range of desirable properties for gas adsorption\, includ
ing high thermal stability and adjustable chemical functionality. One of t
he key aims is to improve the adsorption selectivity of PCPs towards CO2 o
ver other common flue-gas components such as N2\, O2 and H2O by incorporat
ing polar amine functionality into the polymer framework. \n\nThe use of d
iethylenetriamine derived ligands has led to the synthesis of a series of
three-dimensional coordination polymers. The solid-state structure of each
coordination polymer was characterised using single crystal X-ray diffrac
tion at the Australian Synchrotron using the Macromolecular beamlines. The
se framework materials can be classified as microporous\, with the largest
pore size observed measuring 9 Å in diameter. Each framework has been te
sted for thermal stability\, with decomposition of the frameworks observed
above 300 °C. Adsorption experiments using N2 at 77 K and CO2 at 273 K h
ave been performed\, with a promising uptake of CO2 observed.\n\nhttps://e
vents01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/104/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/104/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:High throughput synthesis and Characterisation of Protic Ionic Liq
uids
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-103@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Tamar Greaves (RMIT University)\nIonic liquids (ILs)
are tailorable solvents with a vast number of potential cation and anion
combinations. ILs have many potential applications in fuel cells\, organic
and inorganic synthesis and as biological solvents. Currently the tailora
bility of ILs is underutilised with most studies optimising the choice of
IL for a specific application using \n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.a
u/event/12/contributions/103/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/103/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Dynamic study of rising and baking bread dough
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151125T035000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151125T041000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-102@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Sherry Mayo (CSIRO)\nAustralia is a major wheat prod
ucer for the domestic and international market. Properties of wheat and it
s suitability for bread-making varies depending on the variety and the reg
ion where it was grown. Bread-making performance can also be significantly
affected by dough additives including different salts.\n\nPrevious studie
s have analysed dough structure using micro-CT but few have looked at the
dynamics of the complete proofing and baking process in situ. In this stud
y we use the high-speed imaging capability of the Imaging and Medical Beam
line to observe the dynamic of rising and baking in a series of bread doug
h formulations made from high and low protein flour with different salt ad
ditives. We were able to observe this process in 16 different samples with
scans at 29 time-points for each sample during 2 hours of proofing and ar
ound 30 min of baking.\n\nUsing Avizo we developed automated scripts for a
nalysis of this huge amount of data to extract features such as void-size
and wall thickness. We also have attempted to identify the points at which
voids burst and connect with one another. \n\nWith this we can discover t
he effect of different formulations on dough performance. The long term ai
m of which is to improve formulations to boost the value obtained from Aus
tralian flour.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributio
ns/102/
LOCATION: Conference Rooms
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/102/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:High Definition X-ray Fluorescence Elemental Mapping of Historic P
hotographs
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-101@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Daryl Howard (Australian Synchrotron)\nIn the 19th c
entury\, photography rapidly advanced with the continuous development of l
ight-sensitive chemical-based processes. As such\, some photographic proc
esses were in use for less than a decade before being rendered obsolete.
Some of these historic processes are sensitive to image degradation\, and
many photographic images are considered lost due to severe fading. \n\nWe
have non-destructively analysed several historic photograph types at the
X-ray fluorescence microscopy beamline of the Australian Synchrotron to in
vestigate the spatially resolved elemental distributions and their relatio
nship to image permanence and the photographic processes used. The analys
is also tested the hypothesis that besides providing chemical information
about the photographs\, image retrieval is also possible. We propose that
scanning X-ray fluorescence methods may prove practical in recovering ima
ges that are faded beyond recognition.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org
.au/event/12/contributions/101/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/101/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Using the Australian Synchrotron – A clinical perspective
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T000000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T003000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-100@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: John Cullen (Aspen Australia)\nWhile synchrotron sci
ence is well beyond most clinicians\, our research suggests it will become
an important tool in future clinical research. Although there is a lot of
science behind the clinical and pharmacological understanding of drug pro
ducts formulation\, what actually happens inside the tablet before and dur
ing the administration process is mostly empirical and sometimes “mystic
al”.\n\nThe Australian Synchrotron has progressed understanding of the s
cience of tablet formulation with benefits in formulation development\, en
abling us to understand the three dimensional structure of various tablet
matrices – something that has never been a factor for consideration –
allowing better control of drug release as a function of excipients and de
livery route. While drug release from tablet matrices\, for example\, is r
elatively simple and studied in a standard dissolution apparatus\, release
rate is traditionally varied by combination of binders\, fillers\, compre
ssion and interaction with specific membranes. \n\nThis knowledge of how t
he tablet works and the effects various components have on each other and
on biological transport has also provided significant protection of our in
tellectual property. As a result\, the science of future tablet formulatio
n will more likely involve the synchrotron.\n\nA brief review will be shar
ed on how our multi-disciplinary team collaborated to solve a clinical pro
blem and\, importantly\, attracted support from state and federal governme
nt grants.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/1
00/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/100/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Examination of High Temperature Structural Phase Transformations i
n Strontium Uranium Oxides Using Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction and Spectro
scopy
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T220000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T221000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-99@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Gabriel Murphy (University of Sydney)\nInterest in n
uclear power has recently increased as many argue it will play a pivotal r
ole in the transition away from fossil fuel energy. However\, little progr
ess has been made regarding the understanding of the fundamental solid sta
te chemistry of UO2 fuel matrices\, the interaction they have with fission
daughters such as Sr-90\, and the solid-phases that form during operation
of reactors. This has resulted in significant challenges for nuclear wast
e immobilisation methods\, currently there are no viable long term solutio
ns for nuclear waste.\n\nOur investigations have revealed SrUO4 exists in
two structural types\, a metastable rhombohedral (α) and a stable sensiti
ve to oxygen vacancies orthorhombic (β) form. The structural transformati
on between the polymorphs is unusual and appears to be facilitated by loss
of oxygen and subsequent generation of reduced forms of uranium. Once sig
nificant oxygen de-occupation has occurred the lattice is able to transfor
m into the orthorhombic β variant but only if significant atmospheric oxy
gen is available for reabsorption for it become stoichiometric. Without ox
ygen reabsorption the material cannot obtain thermodynamic stability\, con
tinuing as a high temperature structurally metastable rhombohedral materia
l with extensive oxygen vacancies and unstable forms of uranium.\n\nUnders
tanding this process has involved a combination of in situ synchrotron x-r
ay and neutron diffraction\, as well as X-ray absorption spectroscopy unde
r normal and reducing conditions. Uranium demonstrated surprising structur
al flexibility uranium in controlling oxide lattice reactivity and thermod
ynamic stabilisation and highlights the importance of ionic conductivity i
n uranium oxides.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contribu
tions/99/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/99/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Controlling the Host-Guest Chemistry of a [Fe4L4]8+ Tetrahedral Ca
ge via Ligand Design
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T025000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-98@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Robert Staniland (University of Canterbury)\nA pair
of related [Fe4L4]8+ tetrahedral cages were synthesised differing only in
the electronic nature of the face-capping ligand. Cage **1** is comprise
d of four ligands containing a central triazine ring\, whilst cage **2** i
s analogous utilising a benzene core. The cages were structurally characte
rised using X-ray crystallography performed at the Australian Synchrotron\
, which showed the cages to be flexible and adaptable. Solution based host
-guest interactions were investigated by NMR spectroscopy\, revealing that
the cages are discriminating and selective in their host-guest behaviour.
\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/98/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/98/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Radiation damage in a micron-sized protein crystal studied via rec
iprocal space mapping and Bragg coherent diffractive imaging
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-97@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Hannah Coughlan (La Trobe University)\nFor laborator
y and synchrotron based X-ray sources\, radiation damage has posed a signi
ficant barrier to obtaining high-resolution structural data from biologica
l macromolecules. The problem is particularly acute for micron-sized cryst
als where the weaker signal often necessitates the use of higher intensity
beams to obtain the relevant data. Here\, we employ a combination of tech
niques\, including Bragg coherent diffractive imaging to characterise the
radiation induced damage in a micron-sized protein crystal over time using
beam line 34-ID-C at the Advanced Photon Source. The approach we adopt he
re could help screen for potential protein crystal candidates for measurem
ent at X-ray free election laser sources.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.
org.au/event/12/contributions/97/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/97/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Comparing and Contrasting the Anomalous Structural Phase Transform
ations Between the Isostructural Orthorhombic and Rhombohedral Forms of Cd
UO4 and SrUO¬4
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-96@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Murphy Gabriel (University of Sydney)\nThe resurgenc
e of interest that is currently enveloping the nuclear power industry has
reinvigorated research attempts into optimising current UO2 based fuel. Ho
wever\, little progress has been made regarding the understanding of the s
olid state chemistry of UO2 fuels matrices\, the interaction they have wit
h fission daughters such as Sr-90/Cs-137 and the solid-phases that form du
ring fission. This has resulted in significant challenges for nuclear wast
e treatment methods\, with no viable long term solutions for nuclear waste
. \nWe have investigated the ternary uranium oxide systems of CdUO4 and Sr
UO4 using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction and absorption spec
troscopy (XAS). We have found that both oxides can form isomorphous rhombo
hedral and orthorhombic structures. Despite these structural similarities\
, we found that the structural phase transformation that occurs between th
e rhombohedral and orthorhombic forms is anomalous and considerably contra
sting. In SrUO4\, we found the rhombohedral form is a metastable structure
that seeks to transform to the orthorhombic form\, but is impeded by a la
rge thermodynamic barrier. This barrier can be reduced by formation of vac
ancies in the oxygen sub-lattice allowing the rhombohedral structure to tr
ansform to the stable orthorhombic form with subsequent oxygen reabsorptio
n. In CdUO4\, we see opposite\, the orthorhombic form is metastable and t
he rhombohedral is the preferred low energy configuration. However in both
instances the transformation does proceed with the generation of vacancie
s in the oxygen sub-lattice with in situ XAS measurements revealing the re
duction of U(VI) to U(V).\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/
contributions/96/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/96/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Optimisation of a Ge pixel detector – how low can we go?
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-95@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Chris Glover (Australian Synchrotron)\nThe Australia
n Synchrotron has one hard X-ray XAS beamline. This was constructed to ser
vice the majority of the local scientific community needs\, which notably
consists of a significant component of Bio-XAS and materials studies where
the elements of interest are often very dilute (\n\nhttps://events01.sync
hrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/95/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/95/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Patient Safety System for Micro Radiation Therapy at the Australia
n Synchrotron
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-94@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Gonzalo Conesa-Zamora (Australian Synchrotron)\nThe
Imaging and Medical Therapy Beamline at the Australian Synchrotron is prog
ressing with Micro Radiation Therapy studies\, to enable the Beamline to b
e used to treat human patients in the future. These studies provide a numb
er of technical challenges for the Engineering Teams due to the high dose
rates accompanying this technique. Trial systems are under development usi
ng small rodents as a step along the path to human treatment. This paper p
rovides an overview of the Patient Safety System (PaSS) being developed to
support the MRT application on the Medical Therapy Beamline. The system i
s based on the Beckhoff TwinCAT distributed hardware platform utilising sa
fety I/O in conjunction with a Multipurpose Unit for Synchronisation Seque
ncing and Triggering (MUSST) developed by the ESRF. In this paper\, the ke
y challenge of meeting the timing requirements of 2 ms and maintaining a s
ystem that can provide a known Probability of Failure to Dangerous\, will
be examined\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/
94/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/94/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Uranium speciation and mineralogy within an organic-rich ore depos
it (Mulga Rock\, WA)\; implications for U mobility and extraction
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-93@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Susan Cumberland (Australian Synchrotron)\nUranium (
U) is internationally important as a low carbon energy source\, however\,
its extraction and radioactive waste legacies require continuing research
into the factors controlling U mobility. Uranium mobility is strongly infl
uenced by its oxidation state: U(VI) (e.g.\, U(VI)-carbonate) is more solu
ble than U(IV)\, which mineralises as coffinite [USiO4] or uraninite [UO2]
. By identifying the U-species present in natural systems\, insights can b
e gained into ore formation\, U extractability (e.g. in-situ leaching) and
contaminated site management. The influence of U by organic matter (OM) o
n both uranium mobility and fixation is interesting\, as within deposits h
igher U concentrations often coincide with OM-rich zones. Alternatively\,
OM may also inhibit sorption of U via formation of soluble complexes. Ana
lytical challenges include identifying U-species within OM-rich samples. S
ynchrotron radiation\, in particular X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) a
nd X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM)\, have proven advantageous in study
ing oxidation state and coordination. \nHere\, we present the results of X
AS analyses of Mulga Rock cores\, an OM-hosted U-deposit in WA. We show th
at within OM\, uranium is finely dispersed displaying simple monomeric str
uctures analogous to uranyl silicate\, suggesting potential for U extracta
bility. However\, where uranium is locally concentrated\, coffinite predom
inates. Results of XFM-XANES and XRD transects also document a redox gradi
ent of U(IV) to U(VI) across a U-pyrite boundary.\n\nhttps://events01.sync
hrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/93/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/93/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:An Atlas of Metal Dependent Histone Deacetylase Expression in the
Developing and Adult Mouse Brain
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-92@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Neha Malik (Baker IDI\, Heart and Diabetes Institute
)\nHistone deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes that transcriptionally alter t
he chromatin by removing an acetyl group from the ε-amino acid from the l
ysine residue on the core histone tails. This allows negatively charged DN
A to wrap tightly around the histones. Mammalian HDAC classes I\, II and I
V are categorized as metal dependent enzymes and consist of HDACs 1-11. Th
e deacetylation of histones is commonly linked to gene silencing and is in
volved in many cellular pathways including apoptosis and cell cycle arrest
. An understanding of normal homeostatic levels of HDAC expression is nece
ssary for therapeutics to progress in the field of diseases linked to neur
odevelopment and neurodegeneration. In order to elucidate the changes in d
evelopment between embryonic and adult mouse brain we investigated the exp
ression levels of HDACs 1-11. Firstly\, a semi-quantitative method based o
n immunofluorescence staining was used to examine differences in the endog
enous expression levels of the HDACs between E13.5\, E14.5 and adult brain
s. Secondly\, utilising focal plane array microspectroscopy (FPA) on the i
nfrared beamline at the Australian Synchrotron\, we observed spectral chan
ges in the brain during different stages of development. Combining these e
xperimental techniques our aim is to establish a comprehensive atlas of ne
urodevelopment focusing on chemical mapping obtained from FPA and the HDAC
expression. Our results indicate high expression levels of HDAC 9 and 11
for all three developmental stages and HDAC 2 for embryonic brain developm
ent. Spectral changes attributing to lipid and amino acid composition were
altered during different stages of neurodevelopment.\n\nhttps://events01.
synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/92/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/92/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Low-volume electrochemical cell for in-situ measurement of XAS spe
ctra of reactive metal compounds and biomolecules
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-91@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Stephen Best (University of Melbourne)\nThe design a
nd operation of a low volume spectroelectrochemical (SEC) cell for the mea
surement of X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of solutions at room temperatur
e will be described. The XAS-SEC cell is suitable for operation with fluor
escence detection where the 2×2×12 mm working electrode chamber doubles
as the solution cell for XAS measurements. A key element of the design of
the experiment is the control of the flow properties of the solution under
electrochemical/XAS interrogation where a continuous pulsing of the solut
ion with a small nett flow rate ensures both rapid electrosynthesis and th
at photoreduction can be controlled. The operation of the XAS-SEC cell is
demonstrated by the X-ray absorption near edge spectra (XANES) of solution
s of K3[Fe(C2O4)3] under static and dynamic flow conditions and the XANES
of [Fe(C2O4)3]4- obtained by electrochemical reduction. The suitability of
the approach for the study of protein samples is demonstrated by prelimin
ary measurement of the ubiquitous electron transport protein cytochrome c.
\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/91/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/91/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Draft Synchrotron-Fourier transform infrared maps of ovalbumin-ind
uced murine chronic allergic airways disease: Correlation with conventiona
l histology and immunofluorescence
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151126T025000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-90@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Nadia Mazarakis (Epigenomic Medicine\, Baker IDI Hea
rt and Diabetes Institute)\nSynchrotron-Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)
tissue mapping is yet to be investigated in chronic models of allergic air
ways diseases. Here\, spectra derived from synchrotron-FTIR maps were used
to analyse an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced murine chronic allergic airways dis
ease model. Analysis of the chemical maps resulted in distinct clusters an
d significant changes in the lipid\, proteins and nucleic acid regions of
the spectra between the saline control and OVA-induced allergic airway res
ponse within murine lung tissue samples. These results are supported by st
ructural and biological changes within conventional histological and immun
ofluorescence methodologies. Future studies will aim to include larger and
higher resolution maps to improve clustering and quality of the data prod
uced to elucidate the underlying mechanisms involved in a chronic murine m
odel of OVA-induced allergic airways disease.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrot
ron.org.au/event/12/contributions/90/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science Exhibition space
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/90/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Co-Flow: A sheath flow sample environment for biological solution
X-ray scattering at the Australian Synchrotron.
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20151127T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20240319T053959Z
UID:indico-contribution-12-89@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Tim Ryan (Australian Synchrotron)\nSmall angle X-ray
scattering (SAXS) is an extremely useful tool for analysing protein struc
tures that is becoming increasingly popular. SAXS displays a number of ad
vantages over other techniques\, but there are currently significant limit
ations\, particularly in regards to the susceptibility of biomolecules to
radiation damage and sample consumption that limit the utility of the tech
nique to the wider protein community. We believe that this degree of radi
ation damage is in part due to the fluidics of the flow in the capillary\,
which causes a very slow moving boundary of material that is highly susce
ptible to beam damage near the edges of the capillary. \nWe have sough
t to remove this factor from the measurement of the protein samples by ado
pting a sheath flow sample environment\, termed Co-Flow. In this approach
\, the protein sample is introduced into the centre of a sheath fluid\, w
hich acts as a barrier between the sample and the capillary wall\, abrogat
ing the slow moving fluid boundary. In practice\, this approach allows se
nsitive protein solutions to be exposed to at least 10 fold greater flux.
Further the biomolecule samples do not come into contact with the capilla
ry at all\, and hence do not stick. These advantages enhance the use of S
AXS at the australian synchrtron particularly for susceptible protein samp
les.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/89/
LOCATION:National Centre for Synchrotron Science
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/12/contributions/89/
END:VEVENT
END:VCALENDAR