The lanthanide zirconates are of interest for use in inert matrix fuels and nuclear wasteforms. For use in these applications, the material's structure must be as impervious as possible to radiation damage, and, therefore, its thermal, thermodynamic, and mechanical properties, at a basic sciences level, must be known to make any sort of real-world predictions. The rare earth zirconates are...
Light absorbers have drawn significant attention in a wide variety of research areas, including photovoltaics, sensors, photodetectors, and thermoelectrics. Although various plasmonic and photonic nanostructure configurations have been adopted to demonstrate the light absorption enhancement, a bandwidth of such light absorbers is typically narrow, thus limiting their potential for many...
In this study, after CIGS sputtering using a single target, Se was supplied in various ways during heat treatment to analyze composition ratio and structural characteristics of the thin film. The thin films were deposited by DC sputtering and heat treatment process during selenization. Thin films were analyzed with SEM, EDS, XRD. The pressure was set to 2~6 mTorr as a process variable, the...
High resolution mass spectrometry has revolutionised the identification of complex biological molecules and given rise to the "omics" revolution. However Static Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) instruments typically still make use only of time-of-flight analysers. These still have many advantages, but the ability to send ions also to a very high mass resolution (>100,000) analyser when...
A multilayer luminescent design concept is presented to develop energy sensitive radiation-beam monitors on the basis of colorimetric analysis. Each luminescent layer within the stack consists of rare-earth-doped transparent oxides of optical quality and a characteristic luminescent emission under excitation with electron or ion beams. For a given type of particle beam (electron, protons, α...
Chromium K-edge x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) from the half-metallic ferromagnet CrO${}_2$ is found to be strongly suppressed by applied hydrostatic pressure such that dichroic signals at 15 GPa are less than half of their ambient values. Band structure and cluster calculations indicate that ~20% of this decrease is due to progressive quenching of the 4p orbital moment as the...
Room temperature in-situ deposition of L-cysteine and S-benzyl-L-cysteine on Pt {111} was studied using a high resolution x-ray photoelectron microscope at the synchrotron in Taiwan. Intact cysteine is adhered to the substrate predominantly in its zwitterionic form through the thiol group. More than one layer of cysteine is assembled on the surface. Similarly, benzyl-cysteine formed multi...
Sweat is absorbed into fabric which is worn next to skin such as underwear. Moisture transfer through fabrics have been studied by many researchers to invent more comfortable microclimate garments. However, there is no scientific literature reported any behaviour of elements in sweat from the point of surface science during sweat moisture transfers through fabric layers. This work for the...
Although many approaches have been successful in realizing stretchable electronic circuits, it is still required to find out more practical manufacturing schemes that are highly compatible with the conventional technology. In the present work, we provide a stretchable circuit with an array of oxide thin film transistors (TFTs), where TFTs are located within rigid polyimide islands and...
A number of techniques exist to form water ice single crystals such as following Czochralski , Bridgman or zone melting methods. These techniques require careful temperature control and thermal contact with some form of refrigerator. The single crystals grown for this study were produced using only the latent heat of vaporisation using standard vacuum equipment and no external refrigeration....
Neutron transmutation, as a process, has traditionally been used to dope semiconductor materials in order to control the electrical conductivity and electronic structure of the valence and conduction band region which is vital for the function of a majority of semiconductor based technologies. A novel approach is introduced by the authors to use the nuclear process of neutron transmutation...
Recently, colloidal quantum dots (QDs) have attracted great attention for the next generation display technology. Since the first report of electroluminescence (EL) from QDs in the simple organic materials based structure, the performance of colloidal quantum dot-light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) has been dramatically improved and is now comparable with commercial OLEDs. However, most of QLEDs...
Title: Photodesorption and Photoelectron Yields from Thin Film Coatings at Cryogenic Temperature
Abstract: In the design of particle accelerators, for a precise estimation of the pressure profile along the beam chambers, it is essential to adopt an appropriate data of photon-stimulated desorption (PSD) yields into vacuum simulators, such as a combination of Synrad and Molflow. Additionally,...
Chalcogenide films have been intensively studied due to their versatile applications in the fields of electronic and photonic devices. Many methods of preparing chalcogenide films have been suggested: sputtering, evaporation, chemical vapor deposition, and vapor–liquid–solid growth. While the usual preparation method is to deposit chalcogenide film layers using sputtering, solution-based...
Pyrite oxidation, a common process in nature, is of great concern to many environmentally and economically important topics, including formation and control of acid mine drainage (AMD), ecological cycle of sulfur, beneficiation of sulfide ores and extraction processing of gold. In order to investigate pyrite oxidation related matters in laboratories, numerous artificial oxidation methods have...
The study of spin-crossover (SCO) phenomena between high-spin (HS) and low-spin (LS) states of octahedral 3d4-3d7 transition-metal ions represents an important area of coordination chemistry. The SCO compounds in this study comprise Fe(II) complexes in an octahedral ligand field with a LS to HS transition triggered by temperature. These complexes have several potential applications, however,...
Absorption and desorption properties of hydrogen for the oxygen-free Pd/Ti thin film was studies by using $^1$H($^{15}$N,αγ)$^{12}$C nuclear reaction analysis(NRA) and thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS).
The oxygen-free Pd/Ti film was developed as a new non-evaporable getter (NEG) coating, which is expected to keep high pumping speed after many cycles of air-vent and activation by heating...
Adsorption and surface complexation of biological molecules on inorganic materials are actively studied in such diverse fields as chemistry (geochemistry, biochemistry), biotechnology (medical implants, biosensors, tissue engineering, bioelectronics, biomimetics, artificial photosynthesis), radiation technology (radiation damage and detection), colloid chemistry, surface chemistry and physics,...
Neutron spectroscopy is a powerful technique that involves analysing the inelastically scattered neutron signal from a sample in the thermal and cold neutron energy regime in order to obtain information regarding low energy excitations, vibrational density of states, and phonon distribution, of the material under investigation. Most neutron spectroscopy is performed at large facilities which...
To improve the electrical properties of carbon nanowalls(CNW), conductive oxide films such as indium tin oxide(ITO), aluminium-doped zinc oxide(AZO), zinc oxide(ZnO) and gallium doped zinc oxide(GZO) were deposited on the surface of carbon nanowalls. CNW were grown directly on silicon wafers using microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor depostion(MPECVD). Conductive oxide films were deposited...
Magnetic transition metal oxide structures with ABO${}_{3}$ type stoichiometry offer a wide range of technologically important properties including ferroelectricity, ferromagnetism and colossal magnetoresistance, piezoelectricity, multiferroicity, and metal−insulator transitions. In the case of FeTiO${}_{3}$ its magnetic behaviour may be switched through use of a magnetic field which...
Zirconium and some of its alloys, oxides and nitrides are known for their anti-corrosive and excellent wear resistant character under a variety of extreme conditions. For example the nuclear industry employs Zr-based materials due to their low neutron absorption character, mechanical strength, toughness, and ability to withstand harsh environmental conditions such as high temperatures and...
The deposition of Mn on Cu(100) at a series of coverages from sub-monolayer to approx. 1.5 ML is carried out using LEED to monitor the surface structure, and core-level photoemission spectroscopy at a photon energy of 140 eV to examine the changes in the electronic and structural properties of the surface. For each spectrum, a best-fit of component Gaussian-Lorentzian peaks is carried out...
The experimental surface band structure for the two phases of Ir{100} was measured at the Fermi level using angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Electron hole pockets are observed on the (1x1) phase centered around the $\overline{X}$ point, whereas a flat plate-like structure approximately 0.1 eV below the Fermi level is observed on the (hex) phase. Both resonance structures may be...