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BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:The effect of increasing radiation doses on normal & malignant cel
 l migration
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-775@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jeff Crosbie (University of Melbourne)\nThe aim of t
 he project is to investigate how normal and malignant cell migration is in
 fluenced\nby conventional radiotherapy doses as well as by experimental tr
 eatments such as microbeam\nradiation therapy (MRT). Radiation-induced tum
 or cell migration is a recognized phenomenon\nthat can occur when cells ar
 e sub-lethally irradiated. Our group previously demonstrated that\ntumor c
 ells showed extensive migration 24 hours post-MRT.\nWe irradiated well cha
 mber slides containing cultured normal and malignant cells with a range of
  doses (2\, 5\, 10Gy) using a\nconventional\, Cobalt- 60 source. We used t
 ime-lapse microscopy (live cell imaging) and image processing techniques t
 o track fluorescently-labelled cells for up to 24 hrs post-RT.\nStatistica
 l analysis of the live cell microscopy data showed there was a notable cha
 nge in the vector displacement when cells were irradiated with increasing 
 doses of conventional radiation. The observed changes in cell movement may
  be due to asynchronous cell cycling and proliferation\, subsequently damp
 ened with increasing dosages of radiation. We noted a bi-phasic response i
 n some cases with the initial ‘hit’ of radiation generating an immedia
 te response which switches over to a longer-term response when the damage 
 finally takes its toll on the cells and they slow\ndown to die.\nThe cells
 ’ migratory capacity was clearly affected or modulated by the convention
 al\nradiation doses. This modulation could be important for MRT studies si
 nce the low\, ‘valley’ dose may leave cells sub-lethally irradiated.\n
 \nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/775/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/775/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Structure characterization of the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii magnes
 ium chelatase GUN4 and H subunits by small-angle X-ray scattering
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-774@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: shabnam Tarahi Tabrizi (macquarie university)\nThe m
 agnesium chelatase enzyme catalyses the ATP dependent insertion of Mg+ in 
 to protoporphyrin IX(PPIX) in the first step of the chlorophyll biosynthes
 is pathway consists three different protein subunits ChlI ChlD and ChlH. T
 he GUN4 protein is a regulatory subunit of Mg-chelatase that binds the chl
 orophyll biosynthesis intermediates\, PPIX and Mg protoporphyrin(Mg-PPIX)\
 , stimulates Mg chelatase activity\, and is implicated in developmental si
 gnaling pathway between the chloroplast and nucleus. ChlH is the largest s
 ubunit of Mg-chelatase which also binds both PPIX substrate and the Mg-PPI
 X product. GUN4 appears to participate in a plastid-to-nucleus signalling 
 pathway possibly through regulating Mg-PPIX synthesis or trafficking. Unli
 ke the cyanobacterial GUN4\, the chloroplastic orthologous have an extra C
 -terminal domain that is phosphorylated and is required for magnesium chel
 atase activity. We have determined the low resolution solution structure o
 f GUN4 \, H and the GUN4-H-PPIX complex at ~20 A°\, by using (SAXS) small
 -angle x-ray scattering and can report that the GUN4 protein has a more el
 ongated structure compared to the cyanobacterial protein. Furthermore\, Th
 e SAXS structure of the GUN4-H-PPIX complex is similar to the SAXS structu
 re of H subunit suggesting that GUN4–PPIX may attach somewhere inside th
 e cage shape structure of H subunit to form a complex.\n\nhttps://events01
 .synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/774/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/774/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Absolute Dosimetry using a Graphite Calorimeter on the Imaging and
  Medical Beamline at the Australian Synchrotron
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T045000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T051000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-773@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Peter Harty (ARPANSA)\nIn 2012-13\, the Australian S
 ynchrotron installed a superconducting multi-pole wiggler (SCMPW) on the i
 maging and medical beamline (IMBL) with the intention of future preclinica
 l radiotherapy trials.  Before moving to such trials\, accurate knowledge 
 of the dose delivered is required to calibrate the secondary dosimeters in
  regular use.  When this is resolved\, clinical use of the Australian Sync
 hrotron will be closer to reality. \nThe dose rate achievable on the IMBL 
 is in the range 10 Gy/s to 10 kGy/s\, depending on the SCMPW magnetic fiel
 d\, the filtration set and the distance of the measurement rooms (or hutch
 es) from the photon source.  High-dose-rate dosimetry is challenging with 
 detectors such as free-air ionization chambers (FAC)\, due to the high ion
 -recombination corrections required.  An absolute method of dose determina
 tion is required and one such method is graphite calorimetry\, which is ba
 sed on the temperature rise in graphite when irradiated.  In this meth-od\
 , the temperature is measured by a calibrated thermistor embedded in the c
 alorimeter graphite core.  The ab-sorbed dose from the irradiation is dete
 rmined from the product of the temperature rise and the specific heat capa
 city of graphite\, corrected for the ratio of graphite core area to beam a
 rea.\nResults will be presented for measurements in hutches 1B\, 2B and 3B
 \, where the dose rates presently vary from 20 Gy/s to 3000 Gy/s.  Compari
 sons with a free-air chamber and calculated dose rates will be presented.\
 n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/773/
LOCATION: Conference Room AS
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/773/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Dual Energy X-ray Analysis Using Synchrotron Computed Tomography a
 t 35–60 keV
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T010500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T012500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-772@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Stewart Midgley (School of Physics\, Monash Universi
 ty)\nDual energy X-ray analysis (DEXA) uses CT measurements of the X-ray l
 inear attenuation coefficient at two photon energies to characterise mater
 ials\; electron density and statistical measure of elemental composition\,
  related to the concept of effective atomic number.\n \nPhantoms were prep
 ared as liquid samples of known density and composition including ethanol-
 water mixtures and salt solutions (NaCl\, NaH2PO4\, MgCl2\, MgSO4\, KCl\, 
 KH2PO4 and CaCl2). The phantoms and an ex-vivo laboratory animal underwent
  mono-energetic CT at 35–60 keV using the Australian Synchrotron Imaging
  and Medical beamline and a CCD camera optically coupled to a luminescent 
 screen.\n\nThe CT data for the phantoms provided coefficients that describ
 e attenuation as measured by the beamline\, and expressed as elemental cro
 ss-sections. The phantom data underwent DEXA\, and the accuracy of the ana
 lysis was quantified as a function of mean beam energy\, dual energy separ
 ation\, and elemental composition. The CT data for ex-vivo samples was spa
 tially co-registered\, subjected to DEXA\, and the results were used to cr
 eate volumetric maps representing the X-ray linear attenuation coefficient
 s and energy absorption coefficients for photon energies of 10 keV to 10 M
 eV.\n\nThe DEXA technique was successfully demonstrated using samples of k
 nown density and composition\, and factors that affect accuracy were ident
 ified. An important application of the method\, the prediction of photon i
 nteraction coefficients at other beam energies for attenuation correction 
 and radiation dose calculations\, was investigated for the biological spec
 imen.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/772/
LOCATION: Conference Room AS
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/772/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Probing Film Morphology and Surface Microstructure of Semiconducti
 ng Polymers with GIWAXS and NEXAFS
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T032000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T034000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-771@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Masrur Morshed Nahid (Monash University)\nIn making 
 organic electronics a reality\, donor-acceptor based semiconducting polyme
 rs will play a pivotal role. The molecular packing\, orientation and cryst
 allinity of semiconducting polymer thin-films strongly influence the perfo
 rmance of organic electronic devices. Grazing Incidence Wide-Angle X-ray S
 cattering (GIWAXS) collected at the SAXS/WAXS beamline has been used to pr
 obe the molecular packing and relative crystallinity of polymer thin films
 \; while Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy a
 t the soft X-ray beamline has been used to probe the microstructure and mo
 lecular orientation of film-surfaces. A novel polymer  BFS4  is studied\, 
 which is based on a dithienyl-benzo[1\,2-b’:4\,5-b’]dithiophene as a d
 onor-unit and 5-fluoro-2\,1\,3-benzothiadiazole as an acceptor-unit. GIWAX
 S reveals that the crystallites are in a mixture of orientations where the
  in-plane alkyl-chain stacking distance is 2.17 ± 0.01 nm and out-of-plan
 e π-stacking distance is 0.385 ± 0.005 nm. Coherence lengths are measure
 d to be 15 ± 2 nm and 2.6 ± 0.2 nm respectively. Two different types of 
 solution processing methods show differing crystallinity\, which can be co
 rrelated directly to their respective transistor charge transport properti
 es. NEXAFS reveals a mixture of edge-on and face-on orientations of the mo
 lecular planes\, and the same orientational preference is confirmed. NEXAF
 S additionally reveals the relative orientation of the donor and acceptor 
 units of the backbone of this novel polymer\, probing backbone planarity d
 irectly.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/771/
LOCATION: NCSS Seminar Room
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/771/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Correlating morphology and device physics of high open circuit vol
 tage\, low-band gap all polymer solar cell using various characterization 
 tools.
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-770@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Kedar Deshmukh (Monash University)\nThe microstructu
 re and device physics of photovoltaic polymer blends based on the donor po
 lymer BFS4 (a dithienyl-benzo[1\,2- b:4\,5-b]dithiophene / 5-fluoro-2\,1\,
 3-benzothiadiazole co-polymer) paired with the naphthalene diimide-based a
 cceptor polymer P(NDI2OD-T2) will be presented. Efficiencies of over 4% ar
 e demonstrated\, with an open circuit voltage of greater than 0.9 V achiev
 ed. Near-edge x-ray absorption fine-structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy and at
 omic force microscopy (AFM) measurements reveal that the top surface of BF
 S4:P(NDI2OD-T2) blends is covered with a pure BFS4 capping layer. XPS Dept
 h profiling measurements confirm this vertical phase separation with a sur
 face-directed spinodal decomposition wave observed. Grazing-incidence wide
 -angle x-ray scattering (GIWAXS) measurements confirm that BFS4 and P(NDI2
 OD-T2) are semicrystalline with both polymers retaining their semicrystall
 ine nature when blended. Transmission electron microscopy reveals a relati
 vely coarse phase-separated morphology\, with elongated domains up to 200 
 nm in width. Photoluminescence spectroscopy reveals incomplete photolumine
 scence quenching with as much as 30% of excitons failing to reach a donor/
 acceptor interface Addition of DIO as solvent improves the fill factor of 
 the devices from 0.46 to 0.54\, thus improving the overall efficiency from
  3.9% to 4.5%. Effect of addition of DIO in the neat polymers and blends i
 s also studied using NEXAFS and GIWAXS techniques. NEXAFS and GIWAXS measu
 rements were performed at the Australian Synchrotron\, Soft X-ray and SAXS
 /WAXS beamlines respectively.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event
 /3/contributions/770/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/770/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Chemical Crystallography at the Australian Synchrotron MX Beamline
 s
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T045000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T051000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-769@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jason Price (Australian Synchrotron)\nThe Macromolec
 ular Crystallography (MX) Beamlines at the Australian Synchrotron collect 
 data on protein samples (PX) and chemical samples (CX). This broad range o
 f sample types requires us to consider a number of experimental and data p
 rocessing considerations. Protein samples have very large unit cells but d
 iffract weakly\, the chemical samples on the other hand have comparatively
  a very small unit cell\, diffract much more strongly and to higher resolu
 tion. From an experimental point of view\, this requires substantially dif
 ferent geometrical considerations which can be handled by changing the ene
 rgy of the monochromated X-rays and detector distance. Another considerati
 on is detector type\, the detectors at the MX beamlines are from the Area 
 Detector Systems Corporation (ADSC) and they have generally been used for 
 PX data collections.\nAs the detectors have mainly been used for PX work\,
  the software for sample handling has also been developed with PX consider
 ations rather than CX. For example\, the XDS software for space group dete
 rminations is set by default to assume that the space group is only ever o
 ne of the 65 space groups that don’t contain mirror\, inversion or glide
  operations. Another area of interest is the way data scaling (absorption)
  is handled. The data is often scaled with PX data for a number of reasons
 \, with the most common scaling of data is due to the prevalence of radiat
 ion damage to the samples. By contrast the most common form of scaling for
  CX data is for sample anisotropy in strong absorbers.\n\nhttps://events01
 .synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/769/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/769/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Targeting DsbD from Neisseria meningitidis for the development of 
 new anti-Neisserial agents
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-768@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Roxanne Smith (PhD student)\nThe lack of antibiotic 
 development coupled with the rapid increase of resistance to antibiotics i
 n bacteria\, has led to a situation described as an ‘alarming public hea
 lth crisis’(1). Multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria are becoming a signi
 ficant problem because some bacterial strains cannot be treated with our c
 urrent strongest and last resort antibiotics. There is an urgent need to d
 evelop alternative strategies to combat bacterial infections. Two MDR bact
 eria are Neisseria meningitidis\, the causative agent of meningitis\, and 
 Neisseria gonorrhoeae\, the causative agent of gonorrhoea. The overall aim
  of this work is to develop a narrow spectrum antibiotic against N. mening
 itidis. The biological target: NmDsbD\, is a disulfide bond (Dsb) reductas
 e that is required for the viability of N. meningitidis (2). NmDsbD is mem
 brane bound and consists of three redox active domains: two are periplasmi
 c domains\, n-NmDsbD and c-NmDsbD\, which flank the transmembrane domain\,
  t-NmDsbD. In this work we solved the crystal structures of n-NmDsbD and c
 -NmDsbD\, and have briefly investigated the interaction between these two 
 domains. A fragment-based drug design approach was also used to identify s
 mall molecules that bind both n-NmDsbD and c-NmDsbD. \n\n1.    Boucher\, H
 . W.\, et al. (2009) Bad bugs\, no drugs: no ESKAPE! An update from the In
 fectious Diseases Society of America. Clinical infectious diseases : an of
 ficial publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 48\, 1-12
 \n2.    Kumar\, P.\, et al. (2011) Characterization of DsbD in Neisseria m
 eningitidis. Molecular microbiology 79\, 1557-1573\n\nhttps://events01.syn
 chrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/768/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/768/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:A New and Novel Approach to the Formation of Metal-Metal Bonded Co
 mplexes using “Inorganic Grignard Reagents”
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-767@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jamie Hicks (Monash University)\nThe synthesis\, str
 ucture\, bonding and reactivity of molecular compounds containing unusual 
 metal-metal bonds continues to be a topic of considerable interest. We hav
 e added to this field by utilising extremely bulky monodentate amido ligan
 ds for the stabilisation of a number of low oxidation state transition met
 al complexes\, of which some have shown reactivity comparable to that of t
 he classical Grignard Reagent.\n\nThese complexes were initially prepared 
 from the reduction of amido metal halide precursors (LMX) (L = bulky amido
  ligand\; M = transition metal\, X = a halide) with the novel magnesium(I)
  reducing agent [{(MesNacnac)Mg}2]. Using bulky ligands\, this reduction s
 tep often yields the formation of a low coordinate transition metal(I) dim
 er (LMML). However\, by using extremely bulky ligands\, the formation of t
 he dimer is unfavourable and a number of novel LM-Mg(MesNacnac) heterobime
 tallic complexes can instead be isolated. These unprecedented complexes co
 ntain the first examples of a number of metal-metal bonds\, such as mangan
 ese-magnesium and zinc-magnesium.\n\nThe metal-magnesium bonded compounds 
 have shown to act as “inorganic Grignard Reagents” in reactions with a
  number of metal(I) and metal(II) halide complexes\, in which their LM fra
 gments are transferred onto other metal centres. This novel reactivity is 
 still being investigated but has already allowed access to number of previ
 ously inaccessible hetero-bimetallic and even trimetallic complexes. All a
 forementioned complexes were structurally characterised by X-ray crystallo
 graphy using the Australian Synchrotron MX beamlines.\n\nhttps://events01.
 synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/767/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/767/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Enantionmeric Separation Using Entangled Coordination Polymers
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-766@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: David Turner (Monash University)\nChiral coordinatio
 n polymers\, using ligands that contain large aromatic cores have been use
 d to synthesize a series of polycatenanes and a polyrotaxane\, by virtue o
 f π interactions involving metallomacrocyclic motifs\, including interpen
 etrated networks that have been used as stationary phases to obtain excell
 ent enantiomeric resolution in liquid-chromatographic separations.\nA seri
 es of dicarboxylate ligands\, in which amino acids are appended to naphtha
 lene- or perylene-diimides\, have been used to readily impart chirality in
 to coordination polymers.  A repeating structural motif\, in which dinucle
 ar metal clusters are bridged by two ligands to form a metallomacrocycle w
 ith a separation of ca. 7 Å between opposing aromatic faces – an ideal 
 distance for hosting an aromatic guest. This motif has been exploited to f
 orm polycatenanes\, through self-complementary association of the metallom
 acrocycles\, and a 1D→3D polyrotaxane when using a 4\,4’-bipyridyl co-
 ligand as a linear thread.\nTwo 2D→3D interpenetrated materials have bee
 n shown to act as efficient stationary phases for enantioselective separat
 ions in small-scale testing with 1-phenylethanol\, pantolactone and limone
 ne.  The separation activity of the material is much greater than that of 
 the free ligand alone.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/cont
 ributions/766/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/766/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:A Two-pronged Attack: Dual Inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum M1 
 and M17 Metalloaminopeptidases by a Novel Series of Hydroxamic acid-based 
 Inhibitors.
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T004500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T010500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-765@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Nyssa Drinkwater (Monash University)\nMalaria is cau
 sed by parasites of the genus Plasmodium\, with Plasmodium falciparum (Pf)
  causing the most deaths. The prevention and treatment of Pf malaria is be
 coming increasingly difficult due to the spread of drug resistant parasite
 s. New therapeutics with a novel mode of action are desperately required. 
 Two Plasmodium falciparum aminopeptidases\, PfA-M1 and PfA-M17\, play cruc
 ial roles in the erythrocytic stage of infection\, and have been validated
  as potential antimalarial targets. Using compound-bound crystal structure
 s of both enzymes\, we were able to identify key similarities and differen
 ces in the mechanism of inhibitor binding by PfA-M1 versus PfA-M17\, which
  we exploited to design inhibitors capable of potently inhibiting both enz
 ymes. The resultant hydroxamic acid-based inhibitors represent the first c
 ompounds capable of potent dual inhibition of both PfA-M1 and PfA-M17. The
  compounds additionally possess nanomolar activity against 3D7 malaria par
 asites and no observable cytotoxicity\, and are therefore extremely attrac
 tive lead molecules for further development into antimalarial therapeutics
  with a novel mode of action.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event
 /3/contributions/765/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/765/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Structural Studies of Alzheimer’s Disease Amyloid Precursor Prot
 ein Dimers
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T010500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T012500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-764@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Chen Gao (Structural Biology Laboratory and ACRF Rat
 ional Drug Discovery Centre\, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research\,
  University of Melbourne\, Melbourne\, Vic\, Australia)\nAmyloid precursor
  protein (APP) is a type-I transmembrane protein with a large ectodomain (
 sAPP)\, a single transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic tail. It is cleave
 d by beta- and gamma-secretases to generate amyloid-β (Aβ)\, a neurotoxi
 c peptide implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). APP dimerisation is cl
 osely linked to Aβ overproduction. It is also implicated in APP signallin
 g as APP is proposed to be membrane receptor. There are four potential dim
 erisation sites in APP\, three of which are located in the sAPP region. Ho
 wever\, the mechanism of APP dimerisation remains unclear. Understanding A
 PP dimerisation mechanisms at the molecular level will not only provide in
 sights into how APP signals but also have therapeutic implications. Severa
 l factors are found to regulate APP proteolysis in vivo. To test their imp
 act on sAPP dimerisation\, we used in vitro techniques including ThermoFlu
 or\, analytical ultracentrifugation and multi-angle light scattering. We f
 ound certain metals and sugars synergistically drive sAPP dimerisation\, w
 hich is associated with conformational changes and increased stability. Th
 is discovery has led to the successful crystallisation of sAPP in its dime
 ric forms. The identities of metal ions were confirmed using anomalous dif
 ference Fourier maps. Key features underlying sAPP dimer formation are cle
 arly demonstrated in the structure. Together with results from the solutio
 n studies\, the crystal structure has provided a leap forward in understan
 ding the mechanism of APP dimerisation and its pathogenic and functional i
 mplications. The structure will be used to discover inhibitors of APP dime
 risation and Aβ overproduction as possible AD therapeutics.\n\nhttps://ev
 ents01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/764/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/764/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Characterisation of model protein denaturation by SAXS
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-763@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Gloria Xun (Australian Synchrotron)\nThe biological 
 functions of proteins depend on the ability of the proteins to fold correc
 tly. Misfolding/unfolding of proteins can cause formation of insoluble pat
 hological aggregates\, leading to degenerative diseases\, such as Alzheime
 r’s and Parkinson’s [1]. Although considerable studies have been carri
 ed out on the molecular mechanism of protein aggregation\, the lack of det
 ailed information that links the initial stage of aggregation and the fina
 l structure limits the understanding of protein aggregation. In this study
 \, our objective is to investigate the thermal denaturation and pre-aggreg
 ation of three soluble model proteins\, ribonuclease A\, myoglobin and chy
 motrypsinogen A\, with different secondary structure characteristics. By u
 sing in situ small angle X-ray scattering\, we can extract thermodynamic p
 arameters and study the very early stages of the aggregation process-espec
 ially the conformational changes of individual protein molecules in soluti
 on on thermal denaturation. Our hypothesis is that the differences in aggr
 egation mechanisms observed in the models proteins during thermal denatura
 tion are intimately related to their secondary structures. These results w
 ill be complemented with chemical and high pressure denaturation to gain a
  complete thermodynamic picture of the different protein-types resistance 
 to aggregation.\n\n1. Tan\, S. Y.\, & Pepys\, M. B. (1994). Amyloidosis. H
 istopathology\, 25 (5)\, 403-414.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/e
 vent/3/contributions/763/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/763/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Extreme environments at the XAS beamline
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-762@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Nicholas Rae (Australian Synchrotron)\nX-ray Absorpt
 ion Spectroscopy is a technique for structure determination and speciation
  studies which is well suited to the in situ study extreme environments.  
     Extreme environments are systems under high pressure and high temperat
 ure.  These systems occur in nature when geofluids dissolve metals from la
 rge regions of host rock\, and later precipitate the metals as ore deposit
 s.  Apart from understanding the formation of ore deposits\,  understandin
 g geofluids is important in developing ore processing\, and for geothermal
  power stations.\n\nTwo new systems for studying extreme environments are 
 being implemented in hutch C at the XAS beamline.    Hutch C is a separate
  experimental station to hutch B\, the main experimental hutch where routi
 ne XAS experiments re performed.    One of the aims of the extreme environ
 ments project is the set up hutch C to run independently of hutch B.   An 
 example is the parallel implementation of motor control\, and detector cou
 nting chains.   \nThe first new system is the maestro autoclave cell\, dev
 eloped by Joel Brugger et al.    The maestro cell is a large volume cell w
 hich can run temperatures from 25 – 600 degrees C\,  and pressures from 
 1 to 600 bars.   The large volume cell allows us to study dilute metal ion
 s in solution such as geofliuds encountered in nature.\n\nThe second syste
 m is the Hydrothermal Diamond Anvil Cell (HyDAC).  This cell can impart pr
 essures between 0.1 – 5 GPa\, and temperatures 25 – 1000 degrees C.   
   The volume of the HyDAC is made larger than other DACs by milling into t
 he two diamonds.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributi
 ons/762/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/762/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Discussion
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T011000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T013000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-761@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/761/
LOCATION:
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/761/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Hospira at the synchrotron: A partnership in problem solving
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T005000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T011000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-760@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: William Issa (Hospira)\nHospira is a global leader i
 n the manufacture of generic injectable pharmaceuticals. A case study will
  be presented showcasing the role of the Australian Synchrotron in a recen
 t Hospira investigation.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/co
 ntributions/760/
LOCATION:
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/760/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Opportunities for a greater spectroscopy DCM - vibration study
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-759@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Chris Glover (Australian Synchrotron)\nX-ray absorpt
 ion spectroscopy (XAS) is a technique that typically challenges the perfor
 mance of its monochromator. The XAS Beamline at the Australian Synchrotron
  utilises a commercially delivered liquid Nitrogen cooled double crystal m
 onochromator (DCM). This DCM possesses excellent energy and beam offset st
 ability. Some mechanical and electrical improvements have been made in-hou
 se to enhance performance for the beamline’s science user community. Fur
 ther improvements to the DCM are strongly motivated by the research needs 
 of the user community\, for eg materials and systems where a metal species
  of interest is present at very low concentrations (few 100 ppb).  \n\nFor
  any DCM data quality can be limited by vibrations between the two diffrac
 ting crystal surfaces\, resulting in beam ‘noise’ via positional chang
 es\, flux intensity perturbations and possibly small energy changes. As su
 ch\, effort is invested to reduce current DCM crystal vibrations (~400-100
 0 nRad) to increase system performance and satisfy user community needs.\n
 \nHerein we report an in-situ (with X-ray beam and a position sensitive io
 n chamber) and ex-situ (with accelerometers) characterisation of the vibra
 tional response of the DCM at the XAS Beamline. In general\, the X-ray bea
 m shows a vibration spectrum closely resembling the measured resonant freq
 uencies of the DCM components\, as well as the superposition of the floor 
 dynamics. The effect of rubber damping pads\, stiffened supporting structu
 res and other modifications will be presented\, and ideas and strategies f
 or improved vibrational performance will be discussed.\n\nhttps://events01
 .synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/759/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/759/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:XAS beamline update
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T051000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T055000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-758@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Bernt Johannessen (Australian Synchrotron)\, Chris G
 lover (Australian Synchrotron)\, Kappen Peter (Australian Synchrotron)\, N
 icholas Rae (Australian Synchrotron)\nIn this session we will update on th
 e status of the XAS Beamline\, including developments of the user science 
 program\, status of the 100-element fluorescence detector\, status of Hutc
 h-C\, recent works completed\, and further plans for upgrades and developm
 ents. The session will provide ample opportunity for Q & A and for discuss
 ing science needs that the XAS Beamline is not catering for\, such as the 
 Medium Energy XAS (MEX) Beamline.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/e
 vent/3/contributions/758/
LOCATION:
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/758/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Science Case II - status and future plans
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T053000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T054500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-757@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Andrew Peele (Australian Synchrotron)\nhttps://event
 s01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/757/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/757/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:X-ray Micro-Tomography using fluorescence from a metal foil as a l
 ight source combined with X-ray Micro-Diffraction
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-756@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Kappen Peter (Australian Synchrotron)\nMicro-X-ray c
 omputed tomography is a well established 3D imaging method that plays an i
 mportant role in fields like materials science\, food research\, and bio-m
 edical imaging. It is interesting to combine tomography with other techniq
 ues\, such as X-ray diffraction\, for assessing physical properties (densi
 ty and crystallography) of materials that are heterogeneous on the microme
 ter scale. The challenge lies in reconciling the needs of both methods\, w
 hereby tomography typically requires a large beam and micro-diffraction re
 quires a small beam. \n\nTo bridge this gap\, a study was conducted at the
  MX1 beamline. Tomographic imaging was realised by placing a metal foil up
 stream from the sample thus generating a diverging fluorescence wavefront 
 (1). This wavefront was propagated through the sample onto the beamline’
 s CCD detector for absorption contrast imaging. The relatively small beam 
 (~150mu) was used for simultaneous small-scale illumination for micro-diff
 raction. \n\nTo explore some of the possibilities of the combined method\,
  imaging results from different density materials will be presented. Paral
 lel micro-diffraction is demonstrated using an Egyptian faience bead\, and
  elemental contrast imaging is explored by imaging Ni and Cu metal meshes.
  This study highlights possibilities to obtain three-dimensional structura
 l information simultaneously on micrometer and crystallographic length-sca
 les. The results show promise for further developments in element contrast
  imaging\, and results from the work also inform possible extensions to ph
 ase contrast imaging.\n(1) P.Kappen\, B.Arhatari\, M.B.Luu\, E.Balaur\, an
 d T.Caradoc-Davies\, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84\, 063703 (2013).\n\nhttps://eve
 nts01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/756/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/756/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:SAXS as an assay for protein:ligand interaction.
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-755@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Nathan Cowieson (Australian Synchrotron)\nSmall-angl
 e x-ray scattering (SAXS) is sensitive to the size and shape of macromolec
 ules in solution. Whilst there can be some uncertainties involved in model
 ling macromolecular structure directly from SAXS data\, relative changes i
 n structure can be measured with a high degree of confidence. \n\nThe bind
 ing of a small-molecule ligand to a large protein in itself is generally t
 oo subtle an event to see with confidence by SAXS. In order to use SAXS as
  an assay for the interaction between a ligand and a protein one of the fo
 llowing cases must be true: 1) the ligand interaction causes a conformatio
 nal change in the protein\, 2) the ligand interaction disrupts a protein:p
 rotein interaction causing a change in multimerisation state or 3) the lig
 and itself is rather large by comparison to the protein.\n\nOn this basis 
 I present three recent examples that explore the utility of SAXS to assayi
 ng the interaction between medically relevant proteins and various chemica
 l ligands. These examples are: 1) the binding of lysine analogues with the
  human anti-clotting protein plasminogen that lead to a dramatic conformat
 ional change in the protein\, 2) the interaction between a large branched 
 polymer (dendrimer) and HIV gp120 that leads to a reduction in infection r
 ates and 3) interaction between a novel allosteric inhibitor and HIV rever
 se-transcriptase that causes a subtle rearrangement in the domain structur
 e of this protein and lead to inhibition of function.\n\nhttps://events01.
 synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/755/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/755/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:High-Definition X-ray Fluorescence Elemental Mapping of a Early Tu
 dor Portrait of Henry VIII
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-754@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Daryl Howard (Australian Synchrotron)\nA Tudor portr
 ait of Henry VIII on oak dating from 1540s is currently undergoing conserv
 ation treatment. This treatment includes the removal of restoration paint 
 layers applied prior to its acquisition by the Art Gallery of New South Wa
 les. Conventional imaging techniques\, x-radiography\, infrared reflectogr
 aphy and ultraviolet fluorescence suggested damages underneath the restora
 tions. These include a break in the panel through the centre\, the additio
 n of an extra panel piece along the right edge and extensive overpaint by 
 previous restorers. The addition of balsa wood strips to the verso of the 
 panel using a wax and chalk adhesive caused significant interference in th
 e conventional x-radiograph image.  \n\nHigh-definition XRF elemental mapp
 ing of the painting produced images of the distribution of original and no
 n-original paint layers across the painting. Original and non-original pai
 nts were distinguished through historical studies of known pigments from t
 he 16th century such as bone black\, natural chalk vermillion\, copper-bas
 ed greens and blues\, gold leaf\, lead white and iron-based earth colours 
 against those manufactured later\, such as chrome greens. \n\nThe elementa
 l maps are proving invaluable guides in the removal of restoration materia
 ls and the retrieval of original details previously obscured\, and is prov
 iding unique insight into the making of the painting and suggests that min
 iature and manuscript illumination may have been important technical sourc
 es for the artist.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contribu
 tions/754/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/754/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Quantitative analysis of spotty diffraction rings and application 
 to corrosion studies of steel
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T001500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T004500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-753@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Bridget Ingham (Callaghan Innovation)\nSpotty diffra
 ction rings are symptomatic of large-grained polycrystalline materials. An
 alysis of these rings falls into a void between single crystal and powder 
 diffraction methods\, and is usually dismissed or discussed only briefly a
 nd in a qualitative fashion. Recently\, we have developed statistical meth
 ods for quantitatively analysing the ‘spottiness’ of diffraction rings
 \, such as those observed during CO2 corrosion of steel in aqueous solutio
 ns under electrochemical control. These include the normalised roughness a
 nd the fractal dimension of the diffraction ring\, obtained from 2D diffra
 ction images. Statistical measures obtained for diffraction patterns calcu
 lated from theoretical crystallite size distributions are compared to thos
 e obtained for experimental data. This illustrates that the corrosion mech
 anism relies on the formation of surface roughness\, which proceeds via pr
 eferential dissolution of small grains.\n\nReferences:\nB. Ingham\, ‘Sta
 tistical measures of spottiness in diffraction rings’\, J. Appl. Cryst. 
 2013\, 47\, 166-172.\nM. Ko\, B. Ingham\, N. Laycock and D. E. Williams\, 
 ‘In situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction study of the effect of microstruc
 ture and boundary layer conditions on CO2 corrosion of pipeline steels’\
 , Corrosion Sci. (submitted).\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event
 /3/contributions/753/
LOCATION: NCSS Seminar Room
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/753/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:New Formamidinate Rare Earth Metal Complexes by Pseudo-Grignard Re
 action
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-752@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Safaa Ali (James Cook University)\nPseudo-Grignard r
 eagents1\, 2\, ‘‘RLnX’’ (Ln = Eu\, Sm and Yb\; R = Me\, Ph or C6H2
 Me3-2\, 4\, 6\; X = Br\, I)\, formed by the treatment of organic halides l
 ike PhBr or PhI with rare earth metals in Lewis base solvents\, can be emp
 loyed to various organic or inorganic transformations3\, 4.  We now report
  the synthesis of new divalent rare earth metal formamidinate complex [Ln(
 Form)Br(thf)2]2 through the relevant Pseudo-Grignard reactions of rare ear
 th metal with bromobenzene in the presence of formamidine (Eq. 1). \n  \n\
 n\nA typical reaction using ytterbium metal and bromobenzene or iodobenzen
 e in the presence of 2\,4\,6-methylformamidine led to the isolation of ora
 nge and light orange complexes [Yb(Form)Br(thf)2]2\, [Yb(Form)I(thf)2]2. T
 he product has been structurally characterized including X-ray crystallogr
 aphy (Fig. 1).  \n \n \nFig. 1. Molecular structure of [Yb(Form)Br(thf)2]2
 \n \nFig. 2. Molecular structure of [Yb(Form)I(thf)2]2\nReferences \n\n1. 
    Syutkina\, O. P.\; Rybakova\, L. F.\; Petrov\, E. S.\; Beletskaya\, I. 
 P.\, J. Organomet. Chem.\, 1985\, 280\, C67.\n2.    Petrov\, E. S.\; Roite
 rshtein\, D. M.\; Rybakova\, L. F.\, J. Organomet. Chem.\, 2002\, 647\, 21
 .\n3    Evans\, D. F.\; Fazakerley\, G. V. \; Phillips\, R. F.\, J. Chem. 
 Soc. D.\, 1970\, 244.\n4.    Evans\, D. F.\; Fazakerley\, G. V. \; Phillip
 s\, R. F.\, J. Chem. Soc. A.\, 1971\, 1931.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotro
 n.org.au/event/3/contributions/752/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/752/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:IR spectroscopy of ferrocene and deuterated ferrocene: Experiment 
 and theory
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T035500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T041500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-751@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Feng Wang (Swinburne University of Technology)\nThe 
 contemporary organometallic chemistry stems from the discovery of ferrocen
 e Fe(C5H5)2\, i.e.\, di-cyclopentadienyle iron (FeCp2 or Fc) half a centur
 y ago. Since its discovery\, the heated debate whether the eclipsed or the
  staggered is the most stable structure of Fc continues. The fact that ele
 ctronic structures and many properties of the Fc conformers are strikingly
  similar has been a key hurdle to differentiate or separate the configurat
 ions from one another. We recently discovered theoretically using DFT calc
 ulations that the 400-500 cm-1 region of the infrared (IR) spectra of Fc e
 xhibits the fingerprint conformers. Such the discovery was later confirmed
  by IR experimental measurements in a number of solutions\, in polar and n
 on-polar solvents. Understanding of the structure and dynamics of the sand
 wich complex is important as Fc derivatives may inherit particular propert
 ies which only exist in one conformer such as catalysis. It is further dis
 covered that the IR spectral fingerprint is associated with the vibrations
  of the centre Fe atom in the sandwich conformers\, which is seen in an ea
 rlier IR experiment of Fc. As a result\, we designed and conducted new hig
 h-resolution IR experiments in the gas-phase Far-IR beamline of the Austra
 lian Synchrotron to study Fc-h10 and deuterated Fc-d10. New results and an
 alysis in gas phase and in solutions will be presented at this meeting.\n\
 nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/751/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/751/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Human leukocyte antigen-associated drug hypersensitivity.
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T005000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T011000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-750@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Julian Vivian (Monash University)\nAbacavir hypersen
 sitivity syndrome (AHS) is a T-cell mediated drug hypersensitivity trigger
 ed by the antiretroviral drug abacavir\, used in the treatment of HIV infe
 ction. It is one of an increasing number of adverse drug reactions found t
 o be associated with specific Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) alleles. Occur
 ing exclusively in individuals possessing HLA-B*57:01\, this is one of the
  strongest associations between an HLA and disease found to date and provi
 des an attractive candidate for exploring the general basis for allotype-s
 pecific drug presentation by the HLA. In this study\, we detail that abaca
 vir alters the repertoire of endogenous peptides that can bind HLA-B*57:01
 . By use of the MX2 beamline at the Australian synchrotron we determined t
 he high resolution X-ray crystallographic structure of HLA-B*57:01 in comp
 lex with abacavir. This enabled as to map the molecular details underlying
  the exquisite specificity of abacavir for HLA-B*57:01. Furthermore\, we w
 ere able to show that abacavir changes the shape and chemistry of the HLA-
 B*57:01 antigen-binding cleft. In this way\, abacavir guides the selection
  of new endogenous peptides\, inducing a marked alteration in 'immunologic
 al self'. The resultant peptide-centric 'altered self' activates abacavir-
 specific T-cells\, thereby driving polyclonal CD8+ T-cell activation and a
  systemic reaction manifesting as AHS.\n\nReference: Illing\, P.\, Vivian.
 \, et al\nNature. 2012 Jun 28\;486(7404):554-8\nImmune self-reactivity tri
 ggered by drug-modified HLA-peptide repertoire.\n\nhttps://events01.synchr
 otron.org.au/event/3/contributions/750/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/750/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Structural characterisation of the retromer complex and associated
  sorting nexins
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-749@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Suzanne Norwood (Institute for Molecular Bioscience\
 , The University of Queensland\, St Lucia\, QLD\, 4072.)\nRetromer is a pe
 ripheral membrane protein complex that plays a critical role in a broad ra
 nge of physiological\, developmental and pathological processes including 
 Wnt signalling\, toxin transport and amyloid production in Alzheimer’s d
 isease. The mammalian retromer complex consists of a core heterotrimeric c
 argo recognition sub-complex (VPS26\, VPS29 and VPS35) associated with a d
 imer of proteins from the SNX–BAR sorting nexin family that drives membr
 ane deformation and tubulation. By recruiting the cargo-selective sub-comp
 lex to the forming tubules\, the SNX–BAR coat complex mediates the retro
 grade transport of proteins from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network. Rec
 ent studies\, however\, have highlighted the molecular and functional dive
 rsity of retromer and the identification of new interacting proteins has r
 evealed that the role of retromer extends to endosome-to-plasma membrane s
 orting and regulation of signalling events. Emerging evidence indicates th
 at cargo specificity is mediated by specific sorting nexins. These include
  SNX3\, involved in the trafficking of the Wntless/MIG-14 protein\, and SN
 X27\, a PX-FERM protein that mediates the retrieval of the β2-adrenergic 
 receptor. \n\nUsing the MX and SAXS/WAXS beamlines at the Australian Synch
 rotron\, we have acquired structural data to determine how the core cargo 
 recognition sub-complex assembles and to characterise the retromer-associa
 ted sorting nexins. We are using this information in combination with bioc
 hemical and biological studies to understand retromer-mediated endosomal p
 rotein sorting and how this fascinating protein complex contributes to a d
 iverse set of cellular processes.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/e
 vent/3/contributions/749/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/749/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Synchrotron broad beam and MRT radiation induces DNA damage in nor
 mal mouse tissues distant from the irradiated volume
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T031500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T033500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-748@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jessica Ventura (Molecular Radiation Biology Laborat
 ory\, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre\, Melbourne\, VIC\, Australia)\nMicrob
 eam radiation therapy (MRT) is a novel\, preclinical modality\, with a uni
 que ability to generate less radiation damage to neighbouring normal tissu
 es\, while providing efficient ablation to the tumour mass\; compared to t
 he currently used Broad Beam (BB) modality. A comprehensive investigation 
 on the mechanisms and side effects of these modalities have not currently 
 been established. Here we compared the radiation-induced bystander effect 
 (RIBE) of BB and MRT irradiation\, generated by the Imaging and Medical Be
 amline at the Australian Synchrotron in C57BL/6 mice. Animals were irradia
 ted with 10Gy or 40Gy peak dose of BB or MRT\, in an 8x8\, 8x1 and 2x2mm a
 rea on the right hind leg\, using an X-ray beam with a dose rate of 49Gy/s
 ec and constant current of 200mA.  At 24 and 96hrs post-irradiation\, we c
 ollected irradiated skin and an assortment of unirradiated tissue\; these 
 were processed for DSB detection\, using the γH2AX assay. For both modali
 ties the levels of γH2AX foci in unirradiated tissues of irradiated mice\
 , varied in comparison to irradiated animals.  Overall\, MRT and BB induce
 d an elevated γH2AX response at 10Gy\, while inhibiting this response at 
 40Gy. Oxidative clustered DNA lesions (OCDL) in tissues were measured usin
 g constant field gel electrophoresis\, where genomic DNA was treated with 
 purine\, pyrimidine and abasic site-specific enzymes. Results show a marke
 d increase of OCDLs in a variety of unirradiated tissues. We will discuss 
 the role of irradiated volume\, dose\, and beam modality in the manifestat
 ion of the in-vivo RIBE.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/co
 ntributions/748/
LOCATION: Conference Room AS
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/748/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Composition dependent annealing kinetics of ion tracks in natural 
 apatite
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-747@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Saliha Muradoglu (ANU)\nWhen high energetic heavy io
 ns penetrate a solid\, energy is lost predominantly through inelastic coll
 isions with the target electrons. Such interactions can leave narrow cylin
 drical trails of damage as the ions traverse through the material\, termed
  ‘ion tracks’. In minerals such as apatite\, track formation can occur
  as a result of spontaneous fission from naturally occurring uranium inclu
 sions. The highly energetic fragments damage the matrix material in an ana
 logous manner to heavy ions penetrating a solid\, resulting in these so ca
 lled ‘fission tracks’. Upon exposure to elevated temperatures\, these 
 tracks are known to reduce in size and the crystalline structure is restor
 ed. \n\nIn this study\, the annealing kinetics of ion tracks (simulating f
 ission tracks) in natural apatites with different F/Cl  ratios are investi
 gated using synchrotron based small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) combined
  with ex situ isochronal annealing experiments. Results show that track st
 ructure resembles that of cylinders with a constant density and sharp boun
 daries consistent with amorphous ion tracks. Annealing leads to a reductio
 n in the track radii and the annealing behaviour clearly differs for the f
 our compositions studied. Activation energies for the recrystallization pr
 ocess were extracted from the data obtained.\n\nThe results have relevance
  for fission track geo- and thermochronology.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrot
 ron.org.au/event/3/contributions/747/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/747/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:A high resolution in-beam monitor for microbeam radiotherapy
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T024500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-746@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Christopher Poole (University of Melbourne)\nDue to 
 the very high dose rates (kGy/s) used in microbeam radiotherapy (MRT)\, ri
 gorous fluence monitoring is necessary both for pre-treatment verification
 \, and during therapy. We propose an in-beam monitoring system comprised o
 f a 50 μm film of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) metalised with Alumini
 um positioned in the beam\, coupled with a CMOS imaging system for the col
 lection of fluorescence optical photons emitted from the film. We show tha
 t such a system has the potential for high spatial and temporal resolution
 \, thereby enabling on-line beam monitoring and treatment verification for
  MRT.\n\nWe position a sample of the film at a 30 degree angle to the beam
  path in a light tight and shielded enclosure. A CMOS PCO Edge camera with
  a sensor size of 2560×2160 pixels and a pixel size of 6.5 μm\, along wi
 th a 105 mm Nikkor macro-lens was nominally positioned at 400 mm to the im
 aging sensor\, and perpendicular to the beam for direct imaging of the flu
 oresce photons.\n\nThe signal to noise ratio for the system was found to b
 e 18.9\, and its temporal capabilities were found to be sufficient for det
 ecting beam defining slits in motion\, with the MRT beam spectrum at IMBL 
 with a nominal mean energy of 100 keV\, and a 1×5 mm field. The proposed 
 imaging system will be a valuable aide in treatment setup\, including mult
 i-slit collimator alignment and pre-treatment verification.\n\nhttps://eve
 nts01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/746/
LOCATION: Conference Room AS
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/746/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:X-ray photoemission spectroscopy of radiosensitizers
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-745@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Mayanthi Goonewardanea (Swinburne)\nRadiosensitizers
  are used in radiotherapy to enhance tumour control of radioresistant hypo
 xic tumours. Recent studies indicate that the formation of radical anions 
 is a key step. Thus understanding the ionization reactions of radiosensiti
 zers is crucial in evaluating the radiosensitization potential and in deve
 loping new and more effective drugs. The present study concentrates on the
  electronic structures of several important radiosensitizers such as nimor
 azole\, 1-methyl-5-nitroimidazole\, and 4(5)-nitroimidazole using gas phas
 e synchrotron source X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and quantum mechanic
 s. Detailed analysis of valence and core level spectra will be provided an
 d discussed in the light of possible tautomerism in these compounds.\n\nht
 tps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/745/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/745/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:SAXS study of etching behavior of ion tracks in apatite
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-744@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Allina Nadzri (Australian National University\,)\nIo
 n tracks consist of narrow (~10 nm)\, long (~10-100 μm) cylindrical defec
 t regions that are generated by high-velocity heavy ions when they pass th
 rough a variety of solids. Such tracks result naturally from fission of ur
 anium inclusions in minerals such as apatite and zircon and are used for d
 etermining the age and thermal history of geological material. This so cal
 led ‘fission track dating’ technique utilizes chemical etching to enla
 rge the tracks to micrometer widths\, which enables imaging by optical mic
 roscopy and subsequent statistical analysis of their number and length dis
 tributions. \n\nThe present work investigates how differences in the un-et
 ched track morphology translate into etched ion track dimensions. Tracks w
 ere generated by irradiation of the samples with 185 MeV Au ions and 2.3 G
 eV Bi ions. The morphology of etched and un-etched tracks was studied usin
 g synchrotron based small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and microscopy tec
 hniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force micros
 copy (AFM). Additionally\, track annealing was investigated using SAXS in 
 combination with ex-situ annealing experiments performed prior to chemical
  etching. Results indicate\, that the etching process is highly anisotropi
 c\, yields faceted etch pits and depends on the mineral composition. These
  results provide important input to develop an understanding of the correl
 ation of etched and un-etched fission tracks and the use of SAXS as a tool
  for studying etched tracks.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/
 3/contributions/744/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/744/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Time-resolved phase evolution during creation of nanoporous Cu cur
 rent collectors by a dealloying approach
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-743@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Tingting SONG (RMIT University)\nDealloying\, used t
 o fabricate nanoporous metals\, is a process where less noble components (
 e.g. Al) in the precursor (e.g. AlCu) are dissolved\, leaving the nobler e
 lements (e.g. Cu) to form a nanoporous structure. The three-dimensionally 
 nanoporous Cu is desired in lithium-ion batteries as current collectors\, 
 which has a unique advantage in providing large surface area for active ma
 terials and can accommodate structural strain during lithiation/delithiati
 on reactions. From the perspective of phase evolution\, the phases may evo
 lve from Al-Cu phases (fcc &alpha-Al(Cu)\, tetragonal Al2Cu\, monoclinic A
 lCu or combination of them) to fcc Cu. \nIn-situ laboratory X-ray Diffract
 ion (XRD) and ex-situ synchrotron XRD experimentation have been implemente
 d to characterise the dealloying of different Al-Cu precursors in preparin
 g fcc Cu. Experiments were carried out using Al75Cu25 (&alpha-Al(Cu) and A
 l2Cu) and Al65Cu35 (Al2Cu and AlCu) alloys. In the case of in-situ lab XRD
  experimentation\, results showed that for Al75Cu25\, the disappearance of
  &alpha-Al(Cu) and Al2Cu\, and the formation of Cu began simultaneously\, 
 while for Al65Cu35\, the dealloying of Al2Cu and AlCu happened in sequence
  with the formation of Cu. The highly resoluted ex-situ synchrotron result
 s not only confirmed lab XRD observations\, but also showed transient phas
 es during dealloying for the first time. This study is a model example to 
 investigate the underlying dealloying mechanism from the perspective of ph
 ase evolution\, and can provide guidance for the development of nanoporous
  Cu current collectors for batteries.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.
 au/event/3/contributions/743/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/743/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Characterisation of the PTW microDiamond detector for high spatial
  resolution dosimetry in microbeam radiation therapy at IMBL
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T051000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T053000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-742@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jayde Livingstone (Australian Synchrotron)\nMicrobea
 m radiation therapy (MRT) at IMBL is based on arrays of 50&mu m wide x-ray
  beams with a pitch of 400&mu m. The peak-to-valley dose ratio (PVDR) is t
 he ratio of the peak dose to the dose between the microbeams and is an imp
 ortant radiobiological quantity. Accurate measurements of the PVDR require
  a dosimeter with high spatial resolution\, dose rate independence and wat
 er equivalence for the MRT spectrum. The PTW microDiamond detector is a sy
 nthetic single crystal diamond detector. The 1.1mm radius and 1&mu m thick
 ness make it a promising candidate MRT dosimetry. Studies have been perfor
 med at IMBL to characterise the energy\, dose rate and directional depende
 nce of microDiamond. The ratio of mass energy absorption coefficients in d
 iamond and water predict that the detector will under-respond at low energ
 ies\, however\, this was not observed in the experimental ratio of the mic
 roDiamond response to absorbed dose in water for energies 30-90keV. The do
 se rate dependence was found to be linear for storage ring currents &ge 50
 mA but deviated from linearity by up to 4% for lower currents (2-50mA). Th
 e reponse of the detector oriented at 0o and 90o relative to normal beam i
 ncidence agreed to within 3%. This is an important result since the requir
 ed spatial resolution for PVDR measurements exists in the 90o geometry. Th
 e detector will be calibrated against reference detectors and the kV prima
 ry standard for absorbed dose.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/even
 t/3/contributions/742/
LOCATION: Conference Room AS
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/742/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Use of an Optical Microscope method to calculate the PVDR’s for 
 Synchrotron MRT
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-741@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Elizabeth Kyriakou (University of Melbourne)\nThe ra
 diobiology of microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) is poorly understood and t
 his is confounded by difficulties in measuring the dose-distribution. Our 
 investigation assesses the use of microscopy to determine the peak and val
 ley dose in Synchrotron microbeam radiation therapy (MRT). MRT is performe
 d using the horizontal collimator with arrays of 25µm wide x-ray beams wi
 th a pitch of 175µm. Three types of Gafchromatic films were irradiated du
 e to their differences in dynamic range. In addition\, each type of film w
 as imaged on a series of microscopes. Key parameters for imaging the irrad
 iated film were bit depth and spatial resolution of the microscope camera.
  Greyscale images taken with and without filters and full colour images we
 re all compared. Also considered was the imaging workflow\, with the optio
 n for automated loading and imaging of samples an important factor in redu
 cing user error. In conclusion\, it was found that a greyscale microscope 
 camera with a bit depth of 14 and pixel size of 0.32μm at a 20x objective
  was ideal to capture the characteristic of the microbeams.\n\nhttps://eve
 nts01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/741/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/741/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:A combined experimental and computational approach to understandin
 g and developing solid-state ionic conductors
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-740@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Julia Wind (University of Sydney)\nMaterials that ex
 hibit significant mobility of different types of charge carriers have pote
 ntial applications as fuel-cell membranes\, electrodes\, batteries and sen
 sors. A thorough understanding of the fundamental atomic-scale mechanisms 
 of the conduction processes in these materials is necessary to identify wa
 ys in which their local chemistry and structure can be modified to lower a
 ctivation barriers and optimize pathways for conduction.\nInelastic neutro
 n scattering experiments will be performed to probe structural fluctuation
 s that may trigger or facilitate the diffusion process. Together with ab i
 nitio molecular dynamics (MD) calculations these results will then be used
  to develop and rigorously verify classical force fields for empirical cal
 culations to extend the simulations to timescales required to observe actu
 al conduction processes. The results will suggest ways in which the local 
 chemistry and structure of materials can be modified to lower activation b
 arriers and optimize the pathways for ionic conduction.\nGood oxide-ionic 
 conductivity\, simple chemical composition and the scope for chemical and 
 structural modification make apatite-type Nd9.33Si6O26 a good initial targ
 et system. Nd9.33Si6O26 crystallizes in the hexagonal apatite structure P6
 3/m and has 6.7% Nd vacancies located at the 4f site only. A thorough anal
 ysis of different arrangements of Nd vacancy positions has been performed 
 to obtain a suitable input model for ab initio MD calculations. Possible a
 rrangements have been classified by the corresponding sum of distances bet
 ween the vacancies to quantify the degree of distribution and investigate 
 the influence of different vacancy distributions on subsequent calculation
 s.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/740/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/740/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Australian Synchrotron User Portal
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-739@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Andreas Moll (Australian Synchrotron)\, Lauren Baird
  (Australian Synchrotron)\, Rosemary Waghorn (Australian Synchrotron)\nThe
  User Portal facilitates all aspects of user engagement with the synchrotr
 on from proposal submission\, down to processing data on massive and input
 ting subsequent publications. Ongoing development aims to enhance user exp
 erience\, improve access to data and increase reporting output\; for the u
 sers\, the Australian Synchrotron and funding bodies.\n\nhttps://events01.
 synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/739/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/739/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Reconciling Synchrotron SAXS Data with NMR Data for a Two-Domain P
 rotein
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-738@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Geoffrey Jameson (Massey University)\nA preliminary 
 structure of the protein Yih1 (Yeast impact homologue 1)\, a protein of pa
 rtially characterised function\, has been obtained by multi-dimensional NM
 R methods. The ~300-residue protein has two distinct domains of approximat
 ely 120 and 160 residues with an approximately 20-residue linker. However\
 , no NOEs could be found involving contacts between the two domains. Solut
 ion-state SAXS data were recorded at the Australian Synchrotron. The struc
 ture is clearly monomeric. The NMR structure of one domain was then transl
 ated and rotated relative to the other domain until a remarkably good fit 
 to the distinctive SAXS data was obtained. The interaction between the two
  domains was then\, and only then\, inspected and found to involve a fairl
 y loose and not implausible association via a small hydrophobic patch and 
 several potential salt bridges. Residual dipolar coupling measurements are
  in progress to determine alignment vectors of the two domains\, and confi
 rm\, or otherwise\, the accuracy of the SAXS model of domain association. 
      \n\nCambiaghi TD\, Pereira CM\, Shanmugam R\, Bolech M\, Wek RC\, Sat
 tlegger E\, Castilho BA. 2014.\nEvolutionarily conserved IMPACT impairs va
 rious stress responses that require GCN1 for activating the eIF2 kinase GC
 N2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 443: 592-597 (doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.12.0
 21).\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/738/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/738/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Computing developments and tools supporting beamline science at th
 e Australian Synchrotron
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-737@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Lenneke Jong (Australian Synchrotron)\nThe Scientifi
 c Computing and IT group at the Australian Synchrotron develops software t
 ools to support beamline science\, maximise the user experience and accele
 rate the scientific outcomes of their beam time. Our suite of open source 
 tools facilitate better and more streamlined data collection integrated wi
 th automatic and real-time processing\, the results of which can inform de
 cisions about further data collection during the user's beam time\, optimi
 zing the data they can collect at one visit. In addition\, we have develop
 ed stand-alone data analysis workflow tools designed for processing and an
 alysis of data\, both at the facility and post-experiment at the user's ho
 me institute.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions
 /737/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/737/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Binding energy spectra of methoxyphenols: Theory and experiment
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-736@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Feng Wang (Swinburne University of Technology)\, Reb
 ecca Auchettl (Swinburne University of Technology)\nMethoxyphenols (MPs) a
 re antioxidants play an important role in degenerative diseases & cancers.
  Methoxyphenols are found in many food products however\, the molecular de
 tails of methoxyphenols are limitedly known. o-methoxyphenol (oMP)\, m-met
 hoxyphenol (mMP) and p-methoxyphenol (pMP) are positional isomers of one a
 nother. The electronic structures\, properties and spectra of oMP\, mMP & 
 pMP were studied quantum mechanically. The impacts that the methoxy and hy
 droxy functional groups have on the structure and properties of the MPs we
 re revealed in gas phase. The geometries\, ionization energies\, ionizatio
 n spectra & molecular orbitals were investigated and validated against syn
 chrotron sourced experiments completed at the Elettra Sincrotrone.  The el
 ectronic structure and properties of oMP\, mMP and pMP were revealed by sy
 stematic studies on the functional groups in gas phase. The results presen
 ted indicate that the inner shell of each MP is dominated by the relative 
 functional group positioning and the phenyl aromatic ring buffers the chan
 ges induced by the functional groups which stabilizes the MPs in gas phase
 . It has been established that the valence ionization spectra have conform
 ation dependent changes in the energy range from 12.5eV to 20eV that can d
 ifferentiate between each isomer. The HOMO-2 electron density distribution
  changes significantly between each MP. Ionization energy of the MPs all e
 xhibit functional group dependent peaks in C1s and O1s spectra.  It will b
 e shown that as the frontier orbitals and outer valence space of the MPs s
 how signature orbital configurations\, the frontier orbitals can be used a
 s fingerprint markers for each MP.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/
 event/3/contributions/736/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/736/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:The Reference Foil Calibration for the Soft Xray Beamline
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-735@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Bruce Cowie (Australian Synchrotron.)\nThe soft X-ra
 y beam line has fully implemented a series of reference materials that can
  be placed into the X-ray beam at the same time as a sample is recorded wi
 th NEXAFS. This allows a direct cross check against a calibrated photon en
 ergy for every spectrum. All the measured reference spectra are presented 
 here in time this will be transparently integrated into the user data taki
 ng\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/735/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/735/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Closing Remarks
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T061500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T063000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-734@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/734/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/734/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Thermal Expansion of Monoclinic Natrojarosite: A Combined Time-of-
 Flight Neutron and Synchrotron Powder Diffraction Study.
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-733@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Helen Brand (Australian Synchrotron.)\nJarosites and
  related minerals are of great interest to a range of mineral processing a
 nd research applications. In some settings jarosite formation is encourage
 d\, In other environments jarosite formation can hinder the desired reacti
 on. Jarosites are a major component of acidic soils and are present in sig
 nificant amounts in acid mine drainage environments. There has been a rece
 nt resurgence in interest in jarosite minerals since their detection on Ma
 rs. In this context\, the presence of jarosite has been recognised as a li
 kely indicator of the presence of water on Mars in the past.  It is hoped 
 that study of their formation mechanisms\, stability and thermoelastic pro
 perties will provide insight into the environmental history of Mars as wel
 l as informing terrestrial industrial concerns. To this end we are engaged
  in a program to study jarosites and their formation and stability behavio
 ur over a range of conditions.\nThis contribution describes in situ powder
  diffraction experiments to determine the thermal expansion of a deuterate
 d natrojarosite. Data were collected on the HRPD beamline at the ISIS spal
 lation source where the natrojarosite sample was heated from 10–700K\, a
 nd at the powder diffraction beamline at the Australian synchrotron where 
 the sample was heated from 80-700K. \nThermal expansion coefficients have 
 been fitted from 10-470K and show that there is most variation normal to t
 he layers of sulphate tetrahedra and iron octahedra within the jarosite st
 ructure and contains more flexible hydrogen bond linkages. Details of the 
 combined neutron-synchrotron data analysis approach will be discussed.\n\n
 https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/733/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/733/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy in an Age of Insertion Devices
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T044500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T053000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-732@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Bruce Ravel (NIST)\nThe first dedicated beamline for
  X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) was built in 1974\, since then XAS ha
 s become one of the core competencies of synchrotron radiation facilities 
 and an essential tool for a broad range of scientific disciplines.  XAS is
  a technique that remains closely associated with its roots in bend magnet
  sources and second generation facilities.  In recent years\, insertion de
 vice beamlines\, often built on wiggler sources\, have offered significant
  new measurement capabilities which capitalize on the increased flux offer
 ed by these insertion devices.  Some beamlines\, most notably ID26 at ESRF
 \, use the high flux of the insertion device to replace conventional integ
 rating or energy dispersive detectors with wavelength dispersive spectrome
 ters.  These crystal spectrometry systems both enhance the XAS capabilitie
 s of the beamline and make available other inner shell spectroscopic techn
 iques such as X-ray Emission Spectroscopy and X-ray Raman Spectroscopy.\n\
 nEven with such exciting developments in photon delivery and photon detect
 ion\, conventional XAS beamlines remain highly productive\, scientifically
  relevant\, and popular to the point of substantial over-subscription.  In
  this talk\, I will introduce these novel spectroscopic techniques and dis
 cuss how they can complement a conventional XAS research campaign\, in som
 e cases providing specific details unavailable using conventional XAS or o
 ther measurement techniques.  Finally\, I will provide a brief introductio
 n to the Inner Shell Spectroscopy beamline being built at the new complete
 d National Synchrotron Light Source II.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.or
 g.au/event/3/contributions/732/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/732/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:UAC Town Hall Meeting
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T054500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T061500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-731@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/731/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/731/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Determining Molecular Orientation\, Packing\, and Domain Purity in
  Organic Photovoltaic Devices with Synchrotron Radiation
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T230000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T234500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-730@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Harald Ade (North Carolina State University)\nIn bul
 k heterojunction (BHJ) organic photovoltaics (OPVs)\, electron donating an
 d electron accepting materials form a complex network of discrete and dist
 ributed heterointerfaces and charge transport pathways in the photoactive 
 layer where critical photo-physical processes occur. However\, little is k
 nown about the structural properties of these interfaces due to their 3-di
 mensional arrangement and the paucity of techniques to measure local order
 .  The presentation will review the use of synchrotron radiation based met
 hods that can uniquely measure critical structural parameters. This includ
 es molecular orientation relative to donor/acceptor heterojunctions [1]. U
 sing resonant soft X-ray scattering [2]\, the degree of molecular orientat
 ion\, an order parameter that describes face-on (+1) or edge-on orientatio
 n (-1) relative to these heterointerfaces\, can be determined. By manipula
 ting the degree of molecular orientation through choice of molecular chemi
 stry and processing solvent characteristics\, the importance of this struc
 tural parameter on the performance of BHJ OPV devices can be demonstrated.
  We will furthermore show how compositional variations can be related to p
 olymer crystal size [3] and how mobility and purity can relate to charge e
 xtraction and thus in turn to device performance [4\,5]. A complete descri
 ption of actual morphologies and theoretical modeling yet to be developed 
 for OPVs will have to take these factors into account.\n\n1. J. R. Tumbles
 ton et al.\, Nature Photonics 8\, 386 (2014).\n2. B. A. Collins et al.\, N
 at. Mater. 11\, 536 (2012).\n3. W. Ma at al\, Advanced Materials\, 10.1002
 /adma.201400216 (2014)\n4. S. Albrecht et al. J. Physical Chemistry Letter
 s 5\, 1131-1138 (2014).\n5. Collaboration with Wei You and Dieter Neher gr
 oups\, submitted.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contribut
 ions/730/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/730/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Distribution of aluminium in plant roots: Understanding its toxici
 ty through correlative microscopy
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T024500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-729@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Peter Kopittke (The University of Queensland)\nAlumi
 nium (Al) is toxic to plant root growth in the acid soils comprising ca. 4
 0-70% of the world’s arable land\, but the mechanisms whereby Al reduces
  growth remain unclear. Despite 30 µM Al decreasing root growth within 30
  min\, we are unaware of any study that has provided information on the di
 stribution of Al in roots within this timeframe. Using roots of soybean (G
 lycine max (L.) Merr.) exposed to 30 µM Al\, we identified and separated 
 individual mechanisms of toxicity through the use of high resolution kinem
 atic analyses together with the complementary use of synchrotron-based low
 -energy X-ray fluorescence spectromicroscopy (LEXRFS) and nano secondary i
 on mass spectroscopy (nanoSIMS). The latter techniques revealed the majori
 ty of Al to be located in the outer cellular layers within 30 min of expos
 ure\, decreasing markedly with increasing distance from the root surface. 
 At the sub-cellular level\, the majority of the Al was found to accumulate
  in the cell wall. Of particular importance\, Al was bound strongly by (i)
  pectin in the corner junctions between cells\, with this typically the lo
 cation where Al first accumulated in the inner tissues\, (ii) walls of the
  border cells  (c.f. the walls of the adjacent rhizodermal cells)\, and (i
 ii) the mucigel on the root surface. For the first time\, correlative micr
 oscopy (LEXAFS and nanoSIMS) and other complementary techniques have provi
 ded important evidence as to where Al accumulates in the short term and ho
 w Al rapidly reduces the growth of plant roots.\n\nhttps://events01.synchr
 otron.org.au/event/3/contributions/729/
LOCATION: NCSS Seminar Room
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/729/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Welcome and Organisational Update
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141119T220000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141119T224500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-728@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Andrew Peele ()\, Michael James (Australian Synchrot
 ron)\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/728/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/728/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Large soft matter unit cell reconstructions from x-ray and neutron
  scattering data
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T030000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-727@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Chris Garvey (ANSTO)\nFourier methods may be used to
  reconstruct the scattering length density profile of the unit cell from n
 eutron and x-ray diffraction measurements thus yielding information about 
 the distribution of chemical component. Deuteration of the sample componen
 ts can be used for phasing of the Fourier reconstruction or to provide con
 trast between components in bilayer stacks1.  We discuss the application o
 f selective deuteration of various components of the lipid bilayer and the
  application of such methods to systems of higher dimensionality such hexa
 gonal and cubic phases and the use of anomalous (energy dependent) diffrac
 tion as a means of obtaining phase information.\n\n1.    Kent\, B.\; Hunt\
 , T.\; Darwish\, T. A.\; Hauß\, T.\; Garvey\, C. J.\; Bryant\, G.\, Local
 ization of trehalose in partially hydrated DOPC bilayers: insights into cr
 yoprotective mechanisms. Journal of The Royal Society Interface 2014\, 11 
 (95).\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/727/
LOCATION: Conference Room AS
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/727/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:DNA Binding Studies using Synchrotron Radiation Circular Dichroism
  (SRCD) data and Mathematica
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-726@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Janice Aldrich-Wright (University of Western Sydney)
 \nThe binding affinity of a series of square planar achiral platinum(II) c
 ompounds of the type [Pt(AL)(IL)]2+\, where AL is 1\,2-diaminoethane and I
 L are 1\,10-phenanthroline (phen)\, 4-methyl-1\,10-phenanthroline (4-Mephe
 n)\, 5-methyl-1\,10-phenanthroline (5-Mephen)\, 4\,7-dimethyl-1\,10-phenan
 throline (47-Me2phen)\, 5\,6-dimethyl-1\,10-phenanthroline (56-Me2phen) or
  3\,4\,7\,8-tetramethyl-1\,10-phenanthroline (3478-Me4phen) has been reinv
 estigated using Synchrotron Radiation Circular Dichroism (SRCD) spectrosco
 py. SRCD spectroscopy uses the intense light of a synchrotron beam to meas
 ure shorter wavelength data\, exposing CD bands not previously observed. T
 he additional peaks were considerably more intense than those observed by 
 conventional CD spectroscopy\, and could be used for binding affinity dete
 rminations. In addition\, the authors have reviewed the various mathematic
 al approaches used to estimate equilibrium binding constants and thereby d
 emonstrate that their mathematical approach\, which has been implemented w
 ith Wolfram Mathematica\, has merit over other methods.\n\nhttps://events0
 1.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/726/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/726/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Unraveling the morphology of a novel\, high-efficient polymer sola
 r cell using synchrotron-based techniques
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-725@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Wenchao Huang (Monash University)\nOrganic solar cel
 ls are a next generation photovoltaic technology with the potential for a 
 low cost of manufacturing and printing on flexible substrates. The efficie
 ncy of organic solar cells has increased rapidly\, recently exceeding 9% e
 fficiency. Understanding the morphology of the active layer of polymer bas
 ed bulk heterojunction solar cells is necessary to further improve device 
 performance. Here we comprehensively study the morphology of a novel elect
 ron donor polymer PBDTTT-EFT with efficiency of over 9%. The orientation a
 nd microstructure of the neat polymer films and in blend films with PC71BM
  are examined by using a combination of surface-sensitive near edge X-ray 
 absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy from the soft X-ray beamli
 ne and bulk sensitive grazing incidence wide angle X-ray scattering (GIWAX
 S) collected at the SAXS/WAXS beamline. In the blend\, a “face-on” ori
 entation of PBDTTT-EFT is observed with π-π stacking normal to the subst
 rate in the bulk of thin film\, while a more “edge-on” orientation wit
 h side-chain-stacking normal to substrate is observed at the surface of th
 e film. In organic solar cells\, face-on structures enhance charge transpo
 rt in the critical vertical direction. An edge-on orientation of PBDTTT at
  the hole extracting interface is not considered to be ideal for charge co
 llection\, but does not appear to adversely affect device performance. The
  additive 1\,8-Diiodooctane is also used to improve the crystallization of
  PBDTTT-EFT and to control the aggregation of PC71BM.\n\nhttps://events01.
 synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/725/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/725/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Chemical Speciation Imaging using Fast X-ray Fluorescence Microsco
 py: Update on capabilities and future directions
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T033500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T035500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-724@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: David Paterson (Australian Synchrotron)\nX-ray fluor
 escence microscopy (XFM) can be used for elemental and chemical microanaly
 sis across many length scales and is a powerful tool for quantitatively ma
 pping trace elements within whole biological specimens [1].  Advances in X
 -ray fluorescence detection schemes [2\, 3] now enable acquisition at mega
 -pixel per hour rates which in turn allows collection of 3D information in
  realistic times.  Chemical speciation imaging (CSI) results in an image s
 tack with the third dimension containing a XANES spectra in each pixel [4]
 .  Fitting of spectra with incident X‑ray beam energy tracking has been 
 developed in GeoPIXE software using the Dynamic Analysis method [5\, 6].  
 CSI has been demonstrated with moderate definition (10\,000s of pixels/ima
 ge) across a diverse range of applications [7\, 8].  Recent studies have i
 mproved the efficiency and sensitivity of CSI to environmentally relevant 
 concentrations.  \n\n[1] D. Paterson et al.\, AIP Conference Proceedings 1
 365\, 219 (2011).\n[2] D. P. Siddons et al.\, AIP Conference Proceedings 7
 05\, 953 (2004).\n[3] R. Kirkham et al.\, AIP Conference Proceedings 1234\
 , 240 (2010).\n[4] B. E. Etschmann et al.\, American Mineralogist 95\, 884
  (2010).\n[5] C. G. Ryan\, Int. J. of Imaging Systems and Tech. 11\, 219 (
 2000).\n[6] C. G. Ryan et al.\, J. of Physics: Conf. Series 499\, 012002 (
 2014).\n[7] P. M. Kopittke\, et al.\, New Phytologist 201\, 1251 (2014).\n
 [8] B. E. Etschmann et al.\, Environmental Chemistry\, 11\, 341 (2014).\n\
 nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/724/
LOCATION: NCSS Seminar Room
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/724/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Synchrotron Powder Diffraction Study of Cement Pastes
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T033500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T035500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-723@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Estela Garcez (Monash University)\nThe degree of hyd
 ration of cement pastes is critical for determining properties such as the
  durability of concrete. As part of an integrated study on the prediction 
 of chloride ingress in reinforced concrete\, synchrotron X-ray powder diff
 raction was used to estimate the degree of hydration of cement pastes. Whi
 le for the past 20 years the composition of Portland cement has been deter
 mined by Rietveld analysis of X-ray diffraction\, nevertheless there are a
  number of factors\, including the amorphous content of the cement and rel
 ative proportion of mineral polymorphs present in the initial clinker\, wh
 ose impact on the analysis are still not completely understood. X-ray powd
 er diffraction beamlines from The Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (
 LNLS) and The Australian Synchrotron were used to analyze a suite of produ
 ction cements from both countries. The results showed significant differen
 ces in degree of hydration and composition in the two cements.\n\nhttps://
 events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/723/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/723/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Structure-based Development of Inhibitors of HCV NS5b
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-722@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Craig Morton (St Vincent's Institute for Medical Res
 earch)\nInfection by the Hepatitis C virus (HCV) affects in the order of 1
 50 million people world-wide with more than 300\,000 dying each year from 
 HCV-induced liver disease. The RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase of HCV\, NS5b\
 , is widely accepted as an ideal candidate for therapeutic development due
  to the lack of an equivalent enzymatic activity in normal human cells and
  the absolute dependence of viral replication on NS5b. Here we present the
  results of a fragment-based discovery program carried out as part of our 
 research into NS5b inhibitors. A number of fragments identified as NS5b li
 gands through STD-NMR analysis\, as well as structural analogues of these 
 fragments\, were soaked into crystals of HCV NS5b and the structures of th
 e complexes determined. On the basis of the proximity of one of these comp
 ounds to the primer grip site of the enzyme\, hybrid compounds linking the
  compound and a known inhibitor were designed and synthesised. These hybri
 d compounds were found to be potent inhibitors of the HCV replicon and NS5
 b enzymatic assay and were shown crystallographically to bind in the prime
 r grip site in precisely the orientation predicted from modelling.\n\nhttp
 s://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/722/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/722/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Fast Fluorescence Tomography: Challenges and Opportunities
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-721@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Martin de Jonge (Australian Synchrotron)\nThe promis
 e of non-destructive 3D elemental imaging using x-ray fluorescence tomogra
 phy is alluring\, but the technique is not widely utilised due to the extr
 emely long scan times required for modest tasks.  Accordingly\, the techni
 que is often applied to imaging of small specimens at low definition.  Our
  first 3D demonstration on a 10-μm estuarine diatom\, Cyclotella meneghin
 iana achieved a resolution of around 400 nm over 1003 voxels (1 Mvox) with
  24 projections.  More recent developments at the Australian Synchrotron h
 ave used a KB mirror pair and the Maia detector system to achieve extremel
 y high pixel rates.  In addition to its extremely high speed\, the Maia de
 tector is very efficient\, employing a novel back-scatter geometry to achi
 eve a very large 1.2-sr solid angle.  Using the Maia detector system\, mea
 surements can properly sample the sinogram and have achieved 175 Mvox with
  scan times of around 14 hours.\n\nDetailed tomographic measurements of la
 rge (mm-scale) and whole organisms are now routine.  Reductions in measure
 ment time and radiation exposure further enable imaging of a whole class o
 f specimens that are susceptible to radiation damage and/or intolerant of 
 measurement conditions.  We have recently demonstrated fast cryo tomograph
 y and XANES tomography on biological specimens\, with tantalising results.
   We present several applications and describe several challenges that fac
 e this growing field.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contr
 ibutions/721/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/721/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Identification of Genes and Molecular Pathways Regulated by Synchr
 otron Microbeam Radiotherapy
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T035500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T041500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-720@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Yuqing Yang (University of Melbourne)\nSynchrotron-g
 enerated microbeams radiotherapy (MRT) is a novel preclinical radiotherapy
 \,in which synchrotron-generated X-rays are segmented by a collimator\, pr
 oducing intense microbeams. MRT has been shown to be extremely well tolera
 ted by normal tissues including the central nervous system in animal model
 s when compared to conventional radiotherapy (CRT). The aim of this study 
 was to identify genes and molecular pathways differentially regulated by M
 RT versus CRT in vitro using cultured EMT6.5 cells. We hypothesized that g
 ene expression and molecular pathway changes after MRT are different from 
 those seen after CRT. We found that at 24 hr post-irradiation\, MRT exerts
  a broader regulatory effect on multiple pathways than CRT. MRT regulated 
 those pathways involved in gene transcription\, translation initiation\, m
 acromolecule metabolism\, oxidoreductase activity and signalling transduct
 ion in a different manner compared to CRT. We also found that MRT/CRT alon
 e\, or when combined with IFN-γ or LPS\, up-regulated expression of Ccl2\
 , Ccl5 or Csf2\, which are involved in immune cell recruitment. Our findin
 gs demonstrated differences in the molecular pathway for MRT versus CRT in
  the cultured tumour cells. Our findings are consistent with the notion th
 at radiation plays a role in recruiting tumour-associated immune cells to 
 the tumour. Our results also suggest that a combination of MRT/CRT with a 
 treatment targeting CCL2 or CSF2 could repress the tumour-associated immun
 e cell recruitment\, delay tumour growth and/or metastasis\, and yield bet
 ter tumour control than radiation alone.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.o
 rg.au/event/3/contributions/720/
LOCATION: Conference Room AS
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/720/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Mechanistic Studies of Catalytically Relevant On-Metal N-Heterocyc
 lic Carbene Transformations
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-719@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Tanita Wierenga (University of Tasmania\, School of 
 Physical Sciences - Chemistry)\nN-Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHCs) have many a
 dvantages to their phosphine analogues and have been used for a variety of
  catalytic applications. Bis-NHCs in particular have been used where biden
 tate phosphine complexes have previously been used including polymerisatio
 n and cross coupling reactions. Our group has been interested in palladium
  bis-NHCs with a wide variety of different N-substituents and linker lengt
 hs for catalytic applications. \n\nWe recently discovered an unexpected li
 gand rearrangement for a bis-NHC palladium complex when reacting the ethyl
 ene linked N-mesityl imidazolium salt with Pd(OAc)2. Along with the expect
 ed chelate formation an unusual C-C coupling product was also formed. DFT 
 calculations indicate the formation is through the decomposition of a norm
 al - abnormal intermediate via an on-metal ligand rearrangement. Given the
  extensive usage of this ligand class in catalysis and the decomposition r
 oute leading to this product it is important to understand and thus preven
 t its formation. \n\nDFT investigations established will be presented as w
 ell as synthetic studies probing the mechanism. Symmetrical analogues have
  been synthesised as well as unsymmetrical analogues blocking the C2 posit
 ion.\n\nAn alternative mechanism has also been explored for the decomposit
 ion of the chelate product to the C-C coupled product via the formation of
  a 1:2 ligand: palladium species. The NHC bridged dipalladium product has 
 been isolated and structurally confirmed by X-ray crystallography and show
 n to offer high yielding access to C-C coupled decomposition products.\n\n
 https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/719/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/719/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Using synchrotron radiation to determine the X-ray structure and c
 t-DNA binding affinity of platinum(II) anticancer complexes
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-718@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Benjamin Pages (University of Western Sydney)\nPlati
 num(II) anticancer complexes incorporating 2\,2'-bipyridine (bpy)\, 4\,4'-
 dimethyl-2\,2'-bipyridine (44Me2bpy) and 2-(2'-pyridyl)quinoxaline (2pq) a
 s polyaromatic ligands and cyclic diamines as ancillary ligands have been 
 synthesised and were characterised via several methods including synchrotr
 on radiation X-ray crystallography. The crystal structure of [Pt(44Me2bpy)
 (1S\,2S-diaminocyclohexane)]2+ (44MEBSS) revealed a square planar coordina
 tion geometry similar to other complexes of this type  whereas the complex
  [Pt(2pq)(1S\,2S-diaminocyclohexane)]2+ (2PQSS) was distorted square plana
 r.. The binding of 2PQSS and 44MEBSS to calf-thymus DNA (ct-DNA) was analy
 sed using synchrotron radiation circular dichroism (SRCD) melting experime
 nts and compared to similar complexes that incorporate 1\,10-phenanthrolin
 e and dipyrido[3\,2-f:2'\,3'-h]quinoxaline. The results revealed unexpecte
 d trends in DNA affinity relative to polyaromatic ligand size.\n\nhttps://
 events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/718/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/718/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:In-situ Small Angle X-ray Scattering Investigation of Formation of
  Meso-porous Silica Nanoparticles and Swelling-Shrinking Growth Mechanism
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T003000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T005000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-717@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Zhifeng Yi (Institute for Frontier Materials)\nThe g
 eneral explanation of how MSNs grow is that the silica monomers hydrolysed
  from silica precursor adsorbed onto surfactant micelles and condensed int
 o silica to form particles. However\, the detailed growth mechanism of MSN
 s still remains unknown especially for the MSNs with small particle size. 
 Herein\, time-resolved SAXS with a synchrotron source was employed to inve
 stigate the growth of MSNs under different experimental conditions. The fi
 tting models were introduced into the system to interpret the SAXS data. T
 he results suggested that the added TEOS inserted into the hydrophobic cor
 e of CTAB micelles\, forming an emulsion at the beginning of the growth. T
 he silica monomers were hydrolysed from the inside of the micelles into th
 e solvent. The CTAB micelles were actually swelled by the addition of TEOS
  and with the consumption of the TEOS the pores formed by CTAB was shrunk 
 to form the final meso-pores. To the best of our knowledge\, this mechanis
 m is found for the first time\, which will highly contribute to the unders
 tanding of MSN growth mechanism.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/ev
 ent/3/contributions/717/
LOCATION: Conference Room AS
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/717/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Using Flexible MOFs to Study Inorganic Reactivity
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T012500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T014500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-716@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Chris Sumby (University of Adelaide)\nMetal-organic 
 frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline materials that can be synthesised from m
 etal ions or metal-oxide clusters (nodes) and organic building blocks (lin
 ks).[1]  Through careful consideration of the chemistry of the organic lin
 ks the properties of these materials can be tailored for particular applic
 ations. For example\, a flexible framework capable of high yielding post-s
 ynthetic metallation[2] can be synthesised.[3]  Remarkably\, this material
  (MnMOF) is able to provide structural insight into inorganic reactivity t
 hrough single crystal X-ray crystallography (SCXRD).[3]\n\nThis presentati
 on will describe the structure of this new 3D MOF\, which possesses pore c
 avities that are lined with vacant di-pyrazole groups poised for post-synt
 hetic metallation. As part of this I will illustrate the potential of this
  platform MOF to provide fundamental insight into metal-catalysed reaction
 s in porous solids. For example\, SCXRD studies undertaken partly at the A
 ustralian Synchrotron\, reveal the reaction products of consecutive oxidat
 ive addition and methyl migration steps that occur within the pores of a R
 h metallated example\, MnMOF-[Rh(CO)2][Rh(CO)2Cl2]. \n\n[1] H. Furukawa\, 
 K.E. Cordova\, M. O'Keeffe and O.M. Yaghi\, Science\, 2013\, 341\, 974. \n
 [2] J.D. Evans\, C.J. Sumby and C.J. Doonan\, Chem. Soc. Rev.\, 2014\, 43\
 , 5933-5951.\n[3] W.M. Bloch\, A. Burgun\, C.J. Coghlan\, R. Lee\, M.L. Co
 ote\, C.J. Doonan\, and C.J. Sumby\, Nat. Chem.\, 2014\, doi:10.1038/nchem
 .2045.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/716/
LOCATION: NCSS Seminar Room
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/716/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Progress on the CT program at the Imaging and Medical beamline
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T004500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T010500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-715@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Anton Maksimenko (Australian Synchrotron)\nThe Imagi
 ng and Medical Beamline (IMBL) of the Australian Synchrotron (AS) is now b
 ecoming one of the most advanced instruments of this type in the world. It
  is designed to provide a wide variety of imaging techniques. Three beamli
 ne’s enclosures at various distances provide the end user a good choice 
 of beam characteristics ranging from the hi-flux for lower resolution and 
 size up to huge 48x5cm beam at 134m from the source with the allowed energ
 y range 17-120kEv. The wide range of the area detectors at the beamline al
 lows the computed tomography (CT) to be combined with almost any known X-r
 ay imaging modality. The beamline’s data acquisition system is directly 
 linked to the high performance computing facility: MASSIVE tuned for the o
 n-the-fly real-time reconstruction and 3D volume rendering. Advanced CT ex
 periment control system with the unprecedented level of flexibility allows
  users to implement many of their ideas and construct an absolutely new ex
 periment logic with minimal efforts and time. Deep integration of the acqu
 isition\, reconstruction and rendering facilities allows one to think of t
 he their combination as of a a single system with modular architecture. Th
 is report summarizes implemented\, designed and planned features of the be
 amline as applied to the CT type of the experiment. Brief overview of the 
 CT experiments conducted in this year is given. Some latest outcomes of th
 e CT system are presented with the samples coming of different fields of s
 cience: biology\, geology\, paleontology\, material science and medicine.\
 n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/715/
LOCATION: Conference Room AS
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/715/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:3D Strain Characterisation in Nanodiamonds using Bragg Coherent Di
 ffractive Imaging (BCDI)
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-714@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Muhammad Salman Maqbool (La Trobe University)\nNanod
 iamonds with nitrogen vacancy (N-V) centres have been shown to be useful f
 or applications involving cellular tracking in vivo at the molecular level
 [1]. The sustained fluorescence of these nanodiamonds is related to their 
 structure\, and is supposed to be influenced by the strain distribution in
 side the crystals. In the present work\, Bragg coherent diffractive imagin
 g (BCDI) has been employed for three-dimensional (3D) strain mapping of si
 ngle-crystal synthetic nanodiamonds dispersed onto a silicon substrate. De
 fects were introduced in these isolated nanodiamonds by implanting with 2 
 MeV protons to a dose of of 1015 H+ ions.cm-2 using a palletron accelerato
 r1. The resulting strains were mapped using BCDI in order to characterise 
 the 3D deformation field within the individual NDs.\n\n[1] C.-C. Fu\, H.-Y
 .Lee\, K. Chen\, T.-S.Lim\, H.-Y.Wu\, P.-K.Lin\, P.-K.Wei\, P.-H.Tsao\, H.
 -C. Chang\, W. Fann\, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences\, 10
 4(3)\, p. 727-732\, (2007)\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/
 contributions/714/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/714/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Near-edge X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy of naphthal
 ene diimide-thiophene co-polymers
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-713@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Lars Thomsen (Australian Synchrotron)\nNear-edge X-r
 ay absorption fine-structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy is an important tool fo
 r probing the structure of conjugated polymer films used in organic electr
 onic devices. High-performance conjugated polymers are often donor-accepto
 r co-polymers which feature a repeat unit with multiple functional groups.
  To facilitate better application of NEXAFS spectroscopy to the study of s
 uch materials\, improved understanding of the observed NEXAFS spectral fea
 tures is required. In order to examine how the NEXAFS spectrum of a donor-
 acceptor co-polymer relates to the properties of the sub-units\, a series 
 of naphthalene diimide-thiophene-based co-polymers have been studied where
  the nature and length of the donor co-monomer has been systematically var
 ied. The spectra of these materials are compared with that of a thiophene 
 homopolymer and naphthalene diimide monomer enabling peak assignment and t
 he influence of inter-unit electronic coupling to be assessed. We find tha
 t while it is possible to attribute peaks within the pi* manifold as arisi
 ng primarily due to the naphthalene diimide or thiophene sub-units\, very 
 similar dichroism of these peaks is observed indicating that it may not be
  possible to separately probe the molecular orientation of the separate su
 b-units with carbon K-edge NEXAFS spectroscopy\n\nhttps://events01.synchro
 tron.org.au/event/3/contributions/713/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/713/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:In-situ examination of electrodeposited manganese dioxide electrod
 es for energy storage applications: a combined small angle x-ray scatterin
 g and powder diffraction study.
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-712@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Madeleine Dupont (University of Newcastle)\nManganes
 e dioxide is used in many electrochemical applications including catalysis
 \, batteries and electrochemical capacitors. Thin film manganese dioxide e
 lectrodes prepared by electrodeposition have been shown to have extremely 
 high capacitive performance [1]. This is due to manganese dioxide thin fil
 ms having low resistance and high surface area. However\, these properties
  diminish markedly as film thickness increases. Hence\, understanding how 
 the deposition mechanism causes this effect is vital for improving materia
 l performance.\nIn order to determine the relationship between deposition 
 mechanism\, material properties and electrochemical performance\, thin fil
 m formation under different deposition conditions must be examined. In thi
 s work\, the deposition of manganese dioxide was examined in-situ using tw
 o different methods\; namely small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and powde
 r diffraction (PD). \nThe morphology of manganese dioxide thin films is ex
 pected to affect their performance as it influences porosity and surface a
 rea. SAXS was used to characterise the surface morphology of manganese dio
 xide\, specifically features such as pore size and particle size in the \n
 \nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/712/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/712/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Morphological investigations of naphthalene diimide derivatives
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T030000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T032000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-711@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Adam Welford (Monash University)\nSolution-cast\, or
 ganic field-effect transistors (OFET) have many advantages\, such as rapid
 \, large area fabrication\, low production cost and flexible substrates ma
 king them ideal for specialized application such as flexible displays and 
 radio frequency identification.\nThe small molecule organic semiconductor 
 (OSC) naphthalene diimide (NDI) provides a versatile framework with which 
 to build upon and explore the effects of chemical functionalisation. \nOve
 r the past year\, we have utilized two complimentary synchrotron based tec
 hniques to examine the effect on structure and morphology as the basic NDI
  framework is functionalised. \nAt the soft x-ray beamline\, Near Edge X-r
 ay Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy allowed us to explore t
 he surface molecular orientation and electronic changes. Expansion of the 
 NDI core was found to give higher average tilt angles with core-expanded d
 erivatives also maintaining their high average tilt angle when annealed. \
 nAt the SAXS/WAXS beamline these same materials were investigated using Gr
 azing Incidence Wide Angle X-ray Scattering (GIWAXS) to assess crystallini
 ty and molecular packing. The data confirms both the highly edge on packin
 g behaviour of the core expanded set and the drastic change to the molecul
 ar unit cell upon NDI core expansion.The π – π stacking distance of th
 e conjugated cores\, which is an important element of transistor design to
  allow effective charge transfer\, is also measured for each of the materi
 als. \nThis information will aid and inform the ongoing design of our NDI 
 molecules as we progress towards a high mobility\, air stable OFET.\n\nhtt
 ps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/711/
LOCATION:
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/711/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Calorimetry for Synchrotron radiation
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-710@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Ganesan Ramanathan (ARPANSA)\nCalorimetry is the mos
 t accurate method of quantifying the x-ray flux and dose in the synchrotro
 n beam lines for medical and research applications.  In calorimetry\, the 
 radiation dose absorbed results in raising the temperature of the absorbin
 g medium which is measured accurately. Several absorbing media have been t
 ried but graphite with relatively low specific heat and zero heat defect h
 as been the chosen medium for calorimetry.\nGraphite calorimeters are dose
 -rate independent and hence can be used over wide dynamic range of intense
  synchrotron x-ray beams. They are energy-independent and hence are ideall
 y suited to measure the total energy fluence over the entire low energy ph
 oton spectrum compared to  diodes\, films etc.  The temperature rise due t
 o the absorbed dose is high (of the order of several milli-kelvins) result
 ing in  simple read-out instrumentation.\nThe design criteria of the ARPAN
 SA graphite calorimeter which was successfully used to measure the high do
 se-rates (~2500 Gy/sec) in Hutch1B and  (~50 Gy/sec) in Hutch 3B at the Au
 stralian Synchrotron is presented in this talk. The need for absorbed dose
  to water is realised through Monte Carlo calculations of the conversion f
 actor from the graphite absorbed dose measured by the calorimeter. The tal
 k also includes the different calorimeters used earlier internationally fo
 r photon fluence measurements different from the unique application of the
  ARPANSA calorimeter for the IMBL measurements.\n\nhttps://events01.synchr
 otron.org.au/event/3/contributions/710/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/710/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Wrestling with Big Data at IMBL
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-709@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Sherry Mayo (CSIRO)\nIt is now possible to collect v
 ery rapid micro-CT scans at IMBL with data collection times down to 16s or
  less per scan. This makes it possible to collect three-dimensional data o
 n physical systems that are changing over time.\n\nWhile this provides an 
 exciting scientific opportunity it also comes with significant challenges 
 in terms of data storage\, reconstruction and analysis. Dealing effectivel
 y with such 'Big data' challenges is increasingly important in order to en
 sure that we derive the most benefit from the opportunity that rapid data 
 collection offers.\n\nThe authors recently acquired a large number of time
 -resolved datasets following the development of bread dough during proving
  and baking. The aim of the experiment was to determine differences in the
  rheological and machanical properties of dough made using different flour
 s and salt additives.\n\nThis experiment resulted in over 460 datasets whi
 ch required reconstruction and analysis and provided a good test-case for 
 addressing the big-data challenge. This challenge has been addressed using
  tools available (and new tools developed) on the MASSIVE supercomputer cl
 uster.\n\nWe outline the challenges and how they were addressed as well as
  providing some reflection on what might be needed in the future to meet o
 ur growing data needs.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/cont
 ributions/709/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/709/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:High Resolution Imaging and Strain Characterisation at Pulsed Neut
 ron Sources with a Microchannel plate detector
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T012500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T014500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-708@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Henry Kirkwood (ARC COE Advanced Molecular Imaging -
  La Trobe University)\nRecent advances in neutron detection technology are
  enabling collection of neutron transmission data with unprecedented spati
 al and time resolution [1\,2]. Microchannel plates coupled with TimePix ar
 ea detectors are now being used to perform time-of-flight neutron radiogra
 phy experiments at 55 micron2 spatial resolution and 1 &mus temporal resol
 ution. These sensors are suited to a diverse range of neutron studies such
  as microtomography of material composition or phase and strain tomography
  [2\,3\,4].\nIn neutron time-of-flight transmission experiments each neutr
 on arriving at the detector is tagged with its arrival time\, this allows 
 the determination of the energy-resolved transmission spectrum from the kn
 own time structure of the incident pulse. Variation of these transmission 
 spectra can be used to obtain spatially-resolved maps of projected crystal
 lographic properties within polycrystalline materials\; such as average el
 astic strain\, plastic strain\, texture and grain size distributions. \nHe
 re\, we present results from a recent experiment at the Engin-X beamline\,
  ISIS\, UK. The transmission spectrum of an additively manufactured jet en
 gine turbine blade was measured and used to determine spatially-resolved m
 aps of the average elastic strain in the transmission direction. This is a
  sample of intrinsic scientific interest due to questions that remain abou
 t the residual strains imparted during fabrication compared to those manuf
 actured conventionally.\n \n[1] Tremsin et al. Nuc. Instr. Meth. Phys. A 2
 012\n[2] Zhang et al. Mat. Today 2009\n[3] Abbey et al. Procedia Engineeri
 ng 2009 \n[4] Kirkwood et al. Trans. American Crystallographic Association
  2013\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/708/
LOCATION: Conference Room AS
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/708/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Developing Bragg Coherent Diffractive Imaging for Biological cryst
 als at the Advanced Photon Source
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-707@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Hannah Coughlan (La Trobe University)\nBragg Coheren
 t Diffractive Imaging (BCDI) of radiation hard crystals (e.g. lead\, gold)
  is now a relatively mature technique for characterising elastic strain fi
 elds at the nanoscale.  The technique relies upon the fact that coherent d
 iffraction from a crystal produces a continuous intensity distribution aro
 und every Bragg peak\; if sampled correctly\, this information can be used
  to reconstruct the crystals three-dimensional complex density. The corres
 ponding phase of the density is related to the elastic strain which provid
 es information on the atomic displacements within the crystal lattice (Pfe
 ifer et al\, 2006).\nFor protein crystals the presence of strain and disor
 der within the crystal can have a critical influence on the size of crysta
 l that can be grown and the quality of diffraction data that can be collec
 ted. Hence\, our group has recently been applying BCDI to the high-resolut
 ion characterisation of elastic strains in micron-sized protein crystals. 
 One of the major experimental challenges with such samples is that they ar
 e highly radiation sensitive\; however the combination of cryogenic temper
 atures and photon counting detectors offers a possible solution.\nHere we 
 present the first BCDI results collected from protein crystals of Lysozyme
  measuring ~3.5 microns in diameter using the newly developed cryo-BCDI se
 tup at beamline 34-ID-C at the Advanced Photon Source. Our preliminary rec
 onstructions from the BCDI data are promising\, and pave the way for strai
 n analysis of crystals composed of more complex proteins in future experim
 ents.  \nPfeifer\, M. et al(2006).Nature\,442(7098)\,63–6.\n\nhttps://ev
 ents01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/707/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/707/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:High-throughput synchrotron SAXS studies on lipidic mesophases
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T030000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T032000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-706@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Charlotte Conn (RMIT)\nSelf-assembled lipidic cubic 
 phases are attracting increasing interest as biocompatible carriers of lar
 ge biomolecules including proteins\, peptides\, DNA and drugs [1]. A suite
  of new high-throughput techniques\, to formulate libraries of lipidic mes
 ophases\, and structurally characterize them using the SAXS/WAXS beamline 
 at the Australian Synchrotron\, are described.  Samples are contained with
 in any standard 96-well plate and mounted directly in the beamline. The te
 chnique is applicable to any combination of lipids\, additives and solvent
 s and sample masses down to 100 µg may be analysed.  Up to 8000 samples m
 ay be produced robotically and screened in a 24 hr period.  The technique 
 is exemplified using the application of membrane protein crystallization [
 2].  We demonstrate how this high-throughput method allows screening of th
 e extremely large variable physiochemical space for crystallization\, whic
 h would be unreasonable to explore using traditional experimental methods.
   In addition the application of this technique to a wide variety of appli
 cations for lipidic mesophases will be described\, including pharmaceutica
 l (drug discovery\, drug delivery\, gene therapy and medical imaging)\, ma
 terials science (biosensors\, detergent industries)\, biology (long-term s
 torage of fragile proteins\, crystallization) and chemistry/physics (funda
 mental surfactant and lipid phase behaviour studies)\, which are currently
  restricted by difficulties in handling and characterizing this highly vis
 cous material.  \n\n1.    Conn\, C. E.\; Drummond\, C. J.\,  Soft Matter 2
 013\, 9 (13)\, 3449-3464.\n2.    Conn\, C. E.\; Darmanin\, C.\; Mulet\, X.
 \; Le Cann\, S.\; Kirby\, N.\; Drummond\, C. J.\, Soft Matter 2012\, 8  (7
 )\, 2310 – 2321.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contribu
 tions/706/
LOCATION: Conference Room AS
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/706/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Structural insights into the organization of the cavin membrane co
 at
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T001500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T004500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-705@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Brett Collins (The University of Queensland\, Instit
 ute for Molecular Bioscience)\nCaveola membrane invaginations are a striki
 ng feature of many vertebrate cell types\, and are critical for cell signa
 ling\, endocytosis and mechanotransduction. Their formation depends on the
  caveolins and the cavin peripheral membrane proteins (cavin1\, cavin2\, c
 avin3 and cavin4)\, although there is currently no atomic level informatio
 n addressing the mechanisms that underpin caveola assembly. Here we show t
 hat a minimal N-terminal domain of the cavin proteins (the HR1 fragment) i
 s required and sufficient for their homo and hetero-oligomerisation. The c
 rystal structures of mouse cavin1 and zebrafish cavin4 HR1 domains reveal 
 highly conserved trimeric coiled-coil architectures\, with unique intra-su
 bunit interactions that determine the specificity of coiled-coil formation
 . A conspicuous feature of the HR1 domain is a basic surface patch\, conse
 rved among all cavins and across all species\, which we show can mediate i
 nteraction with negatively-charged membrane lipids including phosphoinosit
 ides. Mutations in this domain prevent membrane association and perturb ca
 veolae formation in vivo. Interestingly the cavin proteins possess intrins
 ic membrane remodeling properties in vitro\, that we propose is important 
 for the formation of caveolae. Finally\, we show that full-length cavin pr
 oteins possess characteristic rod-shape structures that reflect the coiled
 -coil architecture of the HR1 assembly domain and have dimensions correspo
 nding closely to the striations observed on the surface of caveolae in viv
 o. We therefore propose the striations forming the common coat of caveola 
 are composed of polymerised cavin trimers.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron
 .org.au/event/3/contributions/705/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/705/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:LCP crystallisation and its challenge with the D2L receptor
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-704@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Connie Darmanin (La Trobe)\nSelf-assembly lipids hav
 e been used to solve a number of G-protein coupled receptor structures to 
 date and the mechanism behind it still remains a mystery. Here we report o
 n two factors\; lipid incubation time and protein concentration and invest
 igate three different lipid systems\; monoolein (MO)\, phytantriol (PT) an
 d phytanoyl ethanomide (PE)\, which influenced the uptake of the Dopamine 
 2 long (D2L) receptor into the lipid structure. We show reasons why the D2
 L receptor has proven to be difficult to crystallize in the commercial cub
 ic phase lipid\, MO\, and show why we need to develop novel crystallizatio
 n media.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/704/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/704/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:From Clouds to CFCs: IR spectroscopy of atmospheric and interstell
 ar molecules.
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T035500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T041500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-703@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Evan Robertson (La Trobe University)\nThe IR spectra
 l region is crucial to our understanding of atmospheric chemistry and phys
 ics. Firstly\, radiative processes associated with emission and extinction
  are fundamental to energy transfer and the IR region in particular is cen
 tral for materials at the moderate temperatures found in non-stellar envir
 onments such as this planet’s atmosphere. Secondly\, infrared spectrosco
 py is uniquely suited to remotely probing the properties of atmospheric mo
 lecules and aerosols. \n\nWe have employed the various facilities on the f
 ar IR beamline to advance understanding of atmospheric molecules such as H
 FCs and CFCs\, and also aerosols such as water ice nanoparticles found in 
 high altitude clouds.  Our studies of crystalline water ice particles have
  recently been extended to both amorphous ice and to deuterium enriched cr
 ystalline ice\, providing insights into fundamental questions about the wa
 ter vibrations in these phases. An overview will be presented.\n\nhttps://
 events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/703/
LOCATION: NCSS Seminar Room
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/703/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:In meso crystallization: Compatibility of Different Lipid Bicontin
 uous Cubic Mesophases with the Cubic Crystallization Screen in Aqueous Sol
 ution.
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T221000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T222000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-702@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Leonie van 't Hag (University of Melbourne / CSIRO)\
 nA novel in meso crystallization method has facilitated the structural det
 ermination of several biologically relevant integral membrane proteins (IM
 Ps). However\, the method remains poorly understood as IMPs are difficult 
 to express and handle. Analogous to solution based crystallization\, in me
 so crystallization requires extensive screening of precipitant conditions.
  Bicontinuous cubic phases are the most commonly used lipid phases for in 
 meso crystallization. The compatibility of the crystallization screen used
  with the cubic phase is important\; if the underlying 3-D cubic nanostruc
 ture is destroyed\, the screen or protein and lipid combination may not be
  suitable for in meso crystallization experiments.\n\nWe looked at the imp
 act of a screen specifically marketed as compatible with the cubic mesopha
 se\, the Cubic crystallization screen (Emerald Biosystems)\, on the cubic 
 mesophases formed by three different lipids: monoolein\, monopalmitolein a
 nd phytantriol. The Cubic screen was found to be compatible with cubic mes
 ophase retention under most crystallization conditions studied. The effect
  of the individual components comprising the multicomponent screen was dec
 onvoluted in two ways. Initially\, the effect of specific poly(ethylene gl
 ycol) (PEG) and salt components on the cubic mesophase was determined usin
 g high-throughput synchrotron Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS). The eff
 ect of high-molecular-weight PEG was shown to dominate the phase behavior 
 within the screen. Finally\, a recently developed multiple linear regressi
 on modeling method was shown to deconvolute the effect of individual compo
 nents within the screen effectively.[1]\n\n[1] van ’t Hag\, L. et al.\, 
 Crystal Growth & Design\, 2014\, 14\, 1771-1781.\n\nhttps://events01.synch
 rotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/702/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/702/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Air-Stable Electron Depletion of Bi2Se3 Using Molybdenum Trioxide 
 into the Topological Regime
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-701@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Mark Edmonds (Monash University)\nTopological insula
 tors\, such as Bi2Se3\, are a new class of material that possess topologic
 ally protected Dirac surface states that hold great promise for next gener
 ation nano-electronic devices [1]. However\, major challenges exist in rea
 lizing Bi2Se3 devices that operate in the topological regime in air. The f
 irst is that as-prepared Bi2Se3 is invariably n-type doped due to selenium
  vacancies [1]\, where the Fermi level resides in the bulk conduction band
 \, not within the Dirac surface states necessary to realize these electron
 ic devices. The second is that Bi2Se3 when exposed to atmosphere becomes f
 urther n-type doped and degrades over time [2].\n\nUtilizing high-resoluti
 on photoelectron spectroscopy on in-situ cleaved Bi2Se3 single crystals we
  demonstrate that the strong electron acceptor molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) 
 is capable of depleting ~1013 cm-2 electrons from Bi2Se3 to place the Ferm
 i level well within the topological regime. We implement a doping model ba
 sed on Fermi-Dirac statistics to accurately describe the doping behaviour 
 as a function of MoO3 coverage. Furthermore\, in-situ transport measuremen
 ts on MBE grown Bi2Se3 films are used to demonstrate that a 100 nm film of
  MoO3 is also capable of protecting Bi2Se3 from degradation upon exposure 
 to atmosphere and further n-type doping [3].\n\n\n\nReferences:\n[1] Y. Xi
 a\, et al.\, Nature Physics 5\, 398 (2009)\n[2] D. Kong\, et al.\, ACS Nan
 o 5\, 4698 (2011).\n[3] M. T. Edmonds\, et al.\, ACS Nano 8\, 6400 (2014).
 \n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/701/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/701/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Structural properties of Indium and Indium + Carbon implanted Germ
 anium
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-700@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Ruixing Feng (Australian National University)\nGe ha
 s been considered as a potential alternative material for silicon in fabri
 cating future advanced CMOS devices due to its high hole mobility and low 
 dopant activation temperature. Here we study the effect of In concentratio
 n on the structural and electrical properties of Ge with or without C co-i
 mplantation. By using extended x-ray absorption fine structure and x-ray a
 bsorption near-edge spectroscopy\, we found that in the case of In implant
 ed Ge\, In atoms occupy a substitutional site in the Ge lattice with In co
 ncentration ≤ 0.3 at. %\, yet when In concentration is ≥ 1 at. %\, In 
 precipitates to from metallic particles as confirmed by transmission elect
 ron microscopy\, evidence of an In – Vacancy complex is also apparent wi
 th EXAFS. With C co-implantation\, x-ray absorption spectra show that In p
 recipitation was suppressed when the In and C concentration are ≥ 1 at. 
 % (also supported by transmission electron microscopy)\, and evidence of I
 n – C pairing formation was found in EXAFS. Hall Effect measurement also
  showed that the carrier density significantly increased and In atom activ
 ation was improved with C co-implantation. Density Functional Theory was a
 pplied to calculate the binding energies of In – In\, In – Vacancy and
  In – C clusters\, and it was found that In atoms should prefer to pair 
 with vacancies and C in Ge. Density Functional Theory was also used to sim
 ulate the lattice structure of the samples to compare and support the simu
 lated structure from x-ray absorption spectra.\n\nhttps://events01.synchro
 tron.org.au/event/3/contributions/700/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/700/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Ion irradiation induced porosity in Germanium
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-699@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Huda Alkhaldi (ANU)\nIon irradiation of crystalline 
 germanium (c-Ge) results in the formation of a porous surface\, and someti
 mes buried porous layer. The controlled fabrication of such porous structu
 res has potential applications in lighting\, gas detection and catalytic a
 pplications. In the present work\, we employ a combination of complimentar
 y characterisation techniques to better understand the crystalline-to-poro
 us transformation in Ge as a function of implantation conditions (fluence 
 and temperature). The project is also being extended to include the Si1-x 
 Gex alloy.\nPost-implantation optical profiling indicated that significant
  swelling of the irradiated layer occurs (up to 400 nm)\, consistent with 
 the formation of a porous surface layer. The optical result also showed ev
 idence of a four stage swelling process with ion fluence for pure Ge\, whe
 reas the alloys with different fraction of Ge (90\, 80\, and 77%) show two
  different stages of swelling (up to 100 nm). It has been observed by util
 izing Raman spectroscopy that the structural properties of the porous laye
 rs were also dependent on the ion fluence and temperature as evidenced by 
 changes in the position and width of the characteristic phonon bands. Scan
 ning electron microscopy is also applied to study the morphology as a func
 tion of ion fluence and temperature for different concentration of Ge. The
  pore shape and depth damage distribution has been investigated by using T
 ransition electron microscopy. Small angle x-ray scattering measurements p
 rovided further evidence of an implant temperature-dependent.\n\nhttps://e
 vents01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/699/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/699/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Structural Insights into Bak Activation and Oligomerisation
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T003000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T005000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-698@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jason Brouwer (Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Me
 dical Research)\nApoptotic stimuli activate and oligomerise the pro-apopto
 tic proteins Bak and Bax resulting in mitochondrial outer membrane permeab
 ilisation and subsequent cell death. Crystal structures by Czabotar et al.
  (2013) provided novel insights into BH3-only induced Bax activation and o
 ligomerisation\, namely the separation of the core and latch domains\, fol
 lowed by core domain dimerisation. Here we provide complementary studies o
 n the related protein Bak. We present the crystal structures of Bak core-l
 atch domain swapped dimers and demonstrate their dissociation upon Bak act
 ivation. A second crystal structure of the Bak core domain provides the fi
 rst high-resolution details for this key dimerisation unit upon which the 
 larger Bak oligomer builds. Cellular assays\, guided by the presented crys
 tal structures\, confirm the physiological relevance of these key events i
 n the intrinsic apoptotic pathway (Brouwer et al. 2014). These studies con
 firmed an analogous mechanism for activation and dimerization of Bak and B
 ax in response to BH3-only peptides. More recently we have performed struc
 tural studies on the direct interaction of BH3-only peptides with Bak. We 
 have gained insight into the differences between interactions of BH3 only 
 proteins with Bak compared to the pro-survival proteins\; this may inform 
 the design of novel therapeutics to manipulate cell death.\n\nReferences\n
 \nBrouwer et al. (2014)\, Mol Cell\, published online 28th August\, http:/
 /dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2014.07.016\n\nCzabotar et al. (2013)\, Cell 
 152(3): 519-531.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributi
 ons/698/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/698/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:In situ high-energy x-ray diffraction study on bulk bismuth ferrit
 e ceramic
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-697@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Neamul Khansur (UNSW)\nBismuth ferrite\, BiFeO3  (BF
 ) is a multiferroic ceramic familiar for the existence of both strong ferr
 oelectric and magnetic ordering at room temperature. In addition to the mu
 ltiferroicity\, the remarkably high Curie temperature (Tc ) and spontaneou
 s polarization (Ps ) of BF has made it an attractive candidate to replace 
 lead-based Pb(Zr\,Ti)O3  for industrial applications. However\, the high c
 oercive field (> 10 kV.mm-1 ) and related poling inefficiency is the major
  issue for the application of BF as a piezoelectric material. To tailor th
 e actuator property of bulk BF ceramic\, it is essential to understand the
  structure-property relationship in the ceramic at field-on condition. In 
 situ high-energy x-ray diffraction measurements with a large area detector
  in transmission geometry can be utilized to quantify the structural varia
 tion with field in these materials. Here\, we used the high-energy x-ray d
 iffraction beamline I12-JEEP of the Diamond Light Source\, UK. Qualitative
  and quantitative analysis of diffraction patterns reveal that ferroelasti
 c domain switching is the primary mechanism for the strain response. Inter
 estingly\, a strain magnitude similar to thin film BF was observed\; howev
 er\, the origin of strain response is different.\n\nhttps://events01.synch
 rotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/697/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/697/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:A combined X-ray and neutron scattering study examining triglyceri
 de digestion
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-696@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Adrian Hawley (Australian Synchrotron)\nIn the body\
 , triglyceride oils are digested into amphiphilic fatty acid and monoglyce
 ride. These products subsequently self-assemble into a range of structures
 \, including liquid crystal phases.1\,2 It is hoped that understanding the
 ir digestion and self-assembly processes offers new opportunities for lipo
 philic drug delivery. Previous studies using small angle scattering and cr
 yo-TEM have identified some of the phases formed during triglyceride diges
 tion.3 Precise details of the digestion process remained an area of uncert
 ainty which the current work aimed to resolve.\nTriglyceride digestion has
  been examined using synchrotron small angle X-ray and neutron scattering 
 as well as chemical methods. Synchrotron SAXS was used for the time-resolv
 ed in-situ study of phase formation and phase transitions during digestion
 . Neutron scattering\, on the other hand\, allowed the use of contrast var
 iation to identify the specific digestion products involved in different a
 spects of the phase formation.\nDetails of the digestion process and the l
 ocation of the different digestion products within the self-assembled stru
 ctures will be presented. These results improve our understanding of lipid
  digestion and provide an excellent case study in the complimentary use of
  X-ray and neutron methods in the analysis of a single\, complex system.\n
 \n1. Salentinig S.\, Sagalowicz L.\, Leser M.E.\, Tedeschi C.\, Glatter O.
  Soft Matter\, 2011\, 7\, 650-661. \n2. Salentinig S.\, Sagalowicz L.\, Gl
 atter O. Langmuir\, 2010\, 26\, 11670–11679\n3. Salentinig S.\, Phan S.\
 , Khan J.\, Hawley A.\, Boyd B. ACS Nano\, 2013\, 23\, 10904-10911.\n\nhtt
 ps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/696/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/696/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Crystallography beamline update - what is going on at MX?
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T043000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T045000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-695@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Daniel Eriksson (Australian Synchrotron)\nThe Macrom
 olecular Crystallography (MX) beamlines serve the scientific community by 
 enabling research that could not be done elsewhere in Australia. In order 
 to achieve this\, we are in a state of continual improvement. Here we pres
 ent an overview of recently completed\, currently being rolled-out\, and n
 ear future developments at MX1 and MX2. Projects that have been recently c
 ompleted include a major upgrade of the sample mounting robots\; new filte
 r wheels for fine control beam attenuation\; And roof-mounted HD gimbal ca
 meras inside the experimental hutches. Future plans include a more reliabl
 e and user-friendly interface for remote access\; and improvements to the 
 area for incoming shipping dewars. Looking forward\, a major upgrade to th
 e MX2 optics is at hand during the next shutdown\, involving a new channel
 -cut Si-crystal for improved beam-stability and a piezo-collimator for pro
 ducing micro-beams at higher flux and with greater control than the curren
 t micro-collimator.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contrib
 utions/695/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/695/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Infrared spectra of H2O aerosols diluted with D2O
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-694@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Evan Robertson (La Trobe University)\nWater is both 
 an important and interesting molecular system that needs to be well unders
 tood because it exists in so many fields of research\, and more often than
  not its presence can be undesired. The ice particles in both our own atmo
 sphere\, and the ISM\, predominantly exist as either small ice particles o
 r silicate dust grains coated with ice which can act as a reaction medium 
 for producing more complex molecules.\nWe explore how isotopic dilution\, 
 using D2O\, affects the shape and frequency of the vibrations that are obs
 erved in the mid infrared (MIR) spectrum[1]\, more specifically the OH- an
 d OD- stretching modes. In addition to changing the concentration of D2O u
 sed\, the physical aspects of the experiment itself also contribute to wha
 t is observed. Presented herein\, is the MIR data collected at the Austral
 ian Synchrotron\, using different H2O:D2O ratios\, and at temperatures ran
 ging from 6 K to 210 K.\n\n1Medcraft\, C\, McNaughton\, D\, Thompson\, CD\
 , Appadoo\, DRT\, Bauerecker\, S\, Robertson\, EG\, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys
 . 2013\, 15\, 3630\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contribu
 tions/694/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/694/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Service Crystallography through the Industry Group
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-693@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Alan Riboldi-Tunnicliffe (Australian Synchrotron)\nW
 e offer services from cloning your gene and small scale expression trials\
 , protein purification and crystallisation trials\, through to full struct
 ure determination.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contribu
 tions/693/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/693/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Using Synchrotron Radiation Circular Dichroism (SRCD) to probe G-q
 uadruplex DNA-platinum(II) complex interactions
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-692@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Janice Aldrich-Wright (University of Western Sydney)
 \nPlatinum(II) anticancer drugs\, such as cisplatin and carboplatin\, bind
  to DNA coordinately and have many limitations including poor effectivenes
 s against many cancer cell lines\, acquired resistance\, cross-resistance 
 as well as unwanted side effects. To overcome these limitations we have re
 cently synthesised dinuclear (2\,2':6'\,2''-terpyridine)-based complexes t
 hat are connected by thiol chains of varying length (with IC50 in L1210 ce
 lls). These compounds have demonstrated potent cytotoxicity in cancerous c
 ell lines and are thought to interact with DNA through π-stacking interac
 tions involving their terpyridine moieties. Small molecules that selective
 ly bind to G-quadruplex DNA (Q-DNA) have been shown to stabilise these str
 uctures\, and so Q-DNA represents a potential biological target for the su
 ppression of telomerase activity. Here we present SRCD-based melting studi
 es of the binding of our platinum(II) complexes to Q-DNA.\n\nhttps://event
 s01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/692/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/692/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Improved Dynamic Analysis Method for Quantitative High Definition 
 XFM Element Imaging using Maia
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-691@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Chris Ryan (CSIRO)\nProjection of quantitative eleme
 nt images from fluorescence data collected on the XFM beamline of the Aust
 ralian Synchrotron equipped with a Maia detector and real-time processor u
 ses the Dynamic Analysis (DA) method in the GeoPIXE software. It uses matr
 ix transformations to achieve least-squares fitting of pixel spectra in X-
 ray fluorescence imaging and tomography at up to ~3 x 10^7 events per seco
 nd in the FPGA processor for real-time imaging or ~2-8 x 10^6 on a desktop
 \, which typically corresponds to about 10^4-10^5 pixels per second. At le
 ast initially\, it assumes uniform sample composition\, background shape a
 nd constant model X-ray relative intensities. Our present approach is to t
 hen apply an iterative matrix (composition) correction. But this does not 
 account for changing background shape and X-ray relative intensities evolv
 ing spatially with significant changes in composition. \n\nA new method\, 
 applied in a second pass\, uses an end-member phase decomposition obtained
  from the first pass\, and DA matrices determined for each end-member\, to
  re-process the event data with each pixel treated as an admixture of end-
 member terms. This approach better tracks spatially complex samples as enc
 ountered in geological and environmental research while still benefiting f
 rom the speed of DA. The decomposition and DA matrices can be applied to a
  series of samples with similar content. This paper describes the method a
 nd illustrates how the enhanced accuracy of spectral deconvolution improve
 s imaging of challenging materials.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au
 /event/3/contributions/691/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/691/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Strain specificity in a fully conserved epitope of a malaria vacci
 ne candidate
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-690@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jeffrey Seow (Monash University)\nMerozoite surface 
 protein 2 (MSP2) is an unstructured protein of the Plasmodium falciparum m
 erozoite. The two allelic forms of MSP2\, 3D7 and FC27\, differ in a centr
 al variable region which is flanked by conserved N- and C-terminal regions
 . Vaccine trials using 3D7-MSP2 have shown evidence of strain specific pro
 tection despite the detectable presence of conserved region antibodies. Th
 is work focuses on an N-terminal epitope recognised by the mouse monoclona
 l antibody\, 6D8. Despite recognising a fully conserved epitope\, 6D8 show
 s strain specificity. Understanding the determinants of 6D8 specificity wi
 ll assist the designing of a broad-spectrum MSP2-based malaria vaccine. 6D
 8 was re-engineered into antibody fragments (scFv and Fv) and validated by
  SPR and ITC. Additionally\, a series of N-terminal peptides were synthesi
 sed to locate the minimal binding region (NAYNMSIRR\, KD = 6 nM) and inves
 tigate the strain specificity of 6D8. High-resolution (1.2 Å) crystal str
 uctures of four N-terminal peptides bound to 6D8 Fv revealed identical bin
 ding mechanisms irrespective of N- or C-terminal extensions from the minim
 al epitope. However\, binding data indicates that the strain specificity o
 f 6D8 to 3D7 and FC27-MSP2 requires the first 5 C-terminal residues of the
  variable region\, and suggest that entropic effects of unbound variable r
 esidues determine the strain specificity of 6D8. This progress will underp
 in the design of effective strain-transcending MSP2-based malaria vaccines
  and may have wider implications for our understanding of the immune respo
 nse towards unstructured proteins.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/
 event/3/contributions/690/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/690/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Comparison of dose deposition patterns of multi-slit versus single
 -slit collimators in synchrotron MRT and their effect on 9L cells
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-689@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Michael Lerch (CMRP\, UoW)\nResults of quantitative 
 evaluation and comparison of dose deposition patterns and radiobiological 
 effects in synchrotron microbeam radiotherapy (MRT) - in particular\, the 
 inter-microbeam "valley" dose - for six beam geometries and three differen
 t in-beam dose values are presented. The X-Tream dosimeter and Gafchromic 
 film have been used to quantitatively compare the dose distribution result
 ing from step-and-shoot single versus multi-slit collimation for two of th
 e six beam geometries in order to validate the use of the single-slit appr
 oach for the other four geometries. Radiobiological effects have been asse
 ssed by evaluating post-irradiation cell survival fractions on cultured 9L
  gliosarcoma cells. \n\nPreliminary results from our allocated beamtime at
  the Australian synchrotron show that valley doses obtained with single-sl
 it step-and-shoot collimation are between 3 and 10% lower than in multi-sl
 it collimation with the same beam width and peak-to-peak distance. The bio
 logical effects of any difference in spatial and temporal dose deposition 
 patterns were also investigated by irradiating in vitro 9L gliosarcoma cel
 ls (at a depth of 2 cm in water\, surrounded by solid water) using both be
 am delivery methods. At the time of writing this abstract\, the irradiated
  cells are in incubation and their colony formation abilities will be asse
 ssed in two weeks.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contribu
 tions/689/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/689/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Materials Diffraction and Scattering with Industry
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-688@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Tamsyn Ross (Australian Synchrotron)\nAn increasing 
 number of industrial users are looking to the SAXS/WAXS and PD beamlines f
 or their materials characterisation needs. In recent years commercially-re
 levant projects from a broad range of fields\, including primary industry\
 , energy materials and mining\, have met with success due to staff experti
 se and dedication and the high quality of the facilities.\n\nhttps://event
 s01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/688/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/688/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:The Technologies That Drive the MX Beamlines.
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-687@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Stephen Harrop (Australian Synchrotron)\nThe MX1 and
  MX2 beamlines at the Australian Synchrotron are sophisticated machines fo
 r the collection of single crystal X-ray diffraction data. The two station
 s serve a diverse community of researchers in the structural sciences\, fr
 om mineralogy to virology.\nHere we look 'under the hood' at the technolog
 ies that bind the individual beamline components together into a highly au
 tomated data collection system.\nIn the last few years a full re-write of 
 several key software components has delivered new code and capabilities fo
 r beam attenuation\, data collection and energy change and also beamline s
 etup\, diffraction rastering and autoprocessing resulting in a more reliab
 le and easier beamline to support.\nWe are now starting to work on the sof
 tware that runs our robots to apply a similar improvement. These upgrades 
 together with the hardware changes will keep both beamlines useful for the
  most complex biological and chemical questions our researchers need to ad
 dress\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/687/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/687/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Changes to the Nanostructure of Collagen in Skin During Leather Pr
 ocessing
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-686@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Katie H. Sizeland (Massey University)\nLeather is a 
 complex biomaterial largely composed of collagen fibrils. As skins are pro
 cessed to produce leather\, chemical and physical changes take place that 
 affect the physical properties of the material. The structural foundation 
 of these changes at the collagen fibril level is not fully understood and 
 formed the basis of this investigation. Synchrotron-based small-angle X-ra
 y scattering was used to quantify fibril orientation and D-spacing through
  eight stages of processing from fresh green ovine skins to staked dry cru
 st leather. Both these structural aspects were found to change with proces
 sing. At a higher pH\, both D-spacing and the fibril orientation index are
  lower.  The elastic modulus also changes with high salt concentrations an
 d low pH conditions associated with materials that have a low elastic modu
 lus. This study shows that there are structural changes taking place durin
 g the processing of skin to leather. It is proposed the change in D-spacin
 g is due to pH affecting the H-bonding within the tropocollagen unit and t
 he decrease in OI is due to the relaxation of tension in the fibrils enabl
 ing the collagen fibrils to bend or distort more. This understanding infor
 ms the influence of the chemistry at different stages of processing on the
  development of the final physical characteristics of leather. By understa
 nding the structural changes of collagen that occur when skin is subjected
  to chemical and mechanical treatments\, it may be possible to modify some
  of these processing steps to alter the final properties of leather.\n\nht
 tps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/686/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/686/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:A Model-based approach to Motion Control design at the Australian 
 Synchrotron
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-684@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Nader Afshar (Controls Engineer)\nReliable\, robust\
 , and predictable control of motion axes is a key component to any synchro
 tron beamline. To this end\, new motion controls hardware (Geo-Brick-LV-GB
 LV\, Delta-Tau-UK) was recently introduced at the XAS\, IMBL\, SXR and XFM
  Beamlines. Challenges included optimising and tuning motion axes behaviou
 r for in-vacuum motors\, closed-loop tracking axes\, and scanners with vel
 ocity requirements. \nGenerally\, the GBLVs are very powerful motion contr
 ollers\, which can be utilised for many different applications by soft con
 figuration/tuning. This sophistication and flexibility often implies compl
 ex and potentially difficult configuration and tuning processes by highly 
 specialized engineers\, particularly for non-trivial motion environments a
 t beamlines. \nIn order to address these challenges\, a model-based approa
 ch was used to provide a framework for generalising and formulating the mo
 tion control system. The model makes it possible to classify applications 
 (e.g. positioning\, scanning)\, and suggest optimum motor configuration an
 d tuning based on design inputs of motor and stage specification and user 
 requirements (e.g. accuracy\, speed). \nThe model developed has been appli
 ed successfully to more than 50 motion axes at XAS\, IMBL and SXR\, adequa
 tely predicting motor performance outcomes. It strongly improves the class
 ical approach of system design based on expected configurations and manual
  tweaking in the field. This is because a model-based solution documents a
 nd incorporates learning\, evolves to handle more and more complex systems
 \, classifies problem types\, and\, importantly\, reduces non-standardisat
 ion while improving usability\, which ultimately benefits the user communi
 ty through more effective beamline operation.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrot
 ron.org.au/event/3/contributions/684/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/684/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:The XFM beamline: Status\, upgrades and directions\, enabling user
  science across a range of disciplines
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T043000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T051000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-683@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Martin de Jonge (Australian Synchrotron)\nThe X-Ray 
 Fluorescence Microscopy beamline has hosted around 250 user groups since i
 t started user operations in 2008\, and sustains high levels of oversubscr
 iption. Armed with the world-leading Maia detector\, and ongoing collabora
 tion with CSIRO\, almost 100\,000 scans have been performed\, representing
  an estimated 100 Gpixels of data and a stage transit of around 200 km wit
 h a positioning accuracy of 2 μm.\nIn order to harness the power of the M
 aia detector\, we have undertaken an ambitious series of upgrades.  This p
 resentation describes the beamline instrumentation with reference to appli
 cations\, and recent upgrades to the table\, scanning stages\, tomography\
 , large-area scanning\, cryogenics\, and configurable specimen mounting st
 ages\, as well as beamline ancillaries including equipment for specimen pr
 e-alignment and cryogenic specimen preparation.  It will then close with a
  short exploration of the future directions for the beamline’s evolution
 .\n\nThis session will include an extended open discussion for XFM users.\
 n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/683/
LOCATION: NCSS Seminar Room
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/683/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Broader horizons for Bragg Coherent Diffractive Imaging\; energy s
 canning and time-resolved measurements
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T051000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T053000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-682@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Nicholas Phillips (ARC Imaging CoE\, La Trobe Univer
 sity / CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship)\nBragg Coherent Diffractive Imaging (
 BCDI) is a technique which is rapidly gaining in popularity throughout the
  X-ray microscopy community.  BCDI allows the characterisation of both the
  shape and three-dimensional deformation field of nanocrystals at spatial 
 resolutions approaching a few nm.  Typically BCDI is sensitive to displace
 ments of \n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/682
 /
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/682/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Beyond SAXS\, how do we predict misfolding hotspots in alpha-synuc
 lein?
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-681@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Cyril Curtain (Florey Institute of Neuroscience and 
 Mental Health)\nThe 140 residue intrinsically disordered protein -synuclei
 n (-syn) misfolds to form fibrils that are the major constituent of the Le
 wy body intracellular protein inclusions and neurotoxic oligomers occurrin
 g in a number of neurodegenerative diseases\, including Parkinson’s dise
 ase (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies. Using SAXS data analysed by ensemb
 le optimised modelling (EOM) we have been able to show that the wild-type 
 (WT) -syn gives a bimodal distribution of Rg and Dmax whose relative propo
 rtions are varied in the three pathological single point mutations. Residu
 al dipolar couplings (RDCs) determined by 14N1H-HSQC NMR for the WT have b
 een useful in explaining the role of long range interactions in folding\, 
 but have not been applied to understanding the behaviour of the familial m
 utants. To study the familial mutants and those yet to be discovered\, ami
 no acid replacement scanning of the whole -syn sequence to determine possi
 ble misfolding “hot spots” and perform SAXS-EOM and 14N1H-HSQC NMR wou
 ld be a huge task.  However\, it has been shown that it is possible to sim
 ulate RDCs from the sequence of intrinsically disordered proteins using th
 e Flexible Meccano and Pales software. In this presentation\, we shall sho
 w how simulated RDCs\, validated by our historic SAXS data can suggest reg
 ions where changes in long and short range interactions can lead to misfol
 ding. Thus forearmed\, we can tackle the challenges of experimental valida
 tion.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/681/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/681/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Characterisation of scale products formed on the heat-exchanger su
 rfaces in the Bayer process
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T034000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T040000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-680@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Lina Shi (University of South Australia)\nVast quant
 ities of bauxite ore\, used for the production of alumina (Al2O3) via the 
 Bayer process\, contain appreciable concentrations of reactive silicates. 
 Secondary precipitation of these silicates within Bayer plants results in 
 deleterious scale formation consisting largely of aluminosilicate and tita
 nate phases\, with resulting losses of caustic soda and decreased heat tra
 nsfer efficiency. In spite of numerous related laboratory studies\, an ins
 ufficient amount of data has been published regarding the characterisation
  of these industrial scales\, which can provide vital information pertaini
 ng to the mechanism of scale growth. SEM\, XRD and EDS analyses were carri
 ed out on selected scale samples removed from the inside wall of plant equ
 ipment across a number of alumina refineries. SEM images of the cross-sect
 ion of the industrial scale samples were carried out to explore compositio
 nal changes with depth from the wall. High amorphous content of the indust
 rial samples were calculated using XRD Rietveld analysis and the addition 
 of corundum was used as an internal standard.  Therefore\, XANES at both t
 he Al and Si K-edges was applied to identify the amorphous phases\, in con
 junction with XRD and EDS results\, which were demonstrated to consist pre
 dominantly of poorly crystallised sodalite. There is strong correlation be
 tween the amorphous content and the scale microstructure. High amorphous c
 ontent appears to indicate nucleation of the scale occurred on the interna
 l surfaces of the heat exchangers. Low amorphous content suggest the desil
 ication product particles form in the slurry during desilication and then 
 deposit on the heat exchange surfaces.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org
 .au/event/3/contributions/680/
LOCATION: NCSS Seminar Room
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/680/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:New Packings and Properties for Supramolecular Nanoballs through S
 olvent and Counterion Variation
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T024500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T031500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-679@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Stuart Batten (Monash University)\nWe have synthesis
 ed large (2.7 nm) spherical metallosupramolecules (‘nanoballs’) with i
 nteresting properties [1-3]. Metal ions can be varied with retention of ov
 erall structure and crystal packing. The molecular packing creates cavitie
 s within the solid state\, and the crystals readily absorb solvents such a
 s methanol\, acetonitrile or acetone (which also changes the magnetic prop
 erties)\, and absorb significant amounts of hydrogen and carbon dioxide (b
 ut not methane)\, pointing to a new class of porous materials. Other prope
 rties include switching between two magnetic spin states (spin crossover) 
 upon change in temperature or irradiation of light\, and size-selective ca
 talysis. New packing arrangements of the nanoballs can then be achieved th
 rough variation of the counteranions or nitrile solvent\, leading to new p
 hases with different physical properties.\n\n[1]    M.B. Duriska\, S.M. Ne
 ville\, B. Moubaraki\, et al.\, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.\, 2009\, 48\, 2549.\
 n[2]    M.B. Duriska\, S.M. Neville\, J. Lu\, et al.\, Angew. Chem. Int. E
 d.\, 2009\, 48\, 8919.\n[3]    M.B. Duriska\, S.M. Neville\, B. Moubaraki\
 , et al.\, ChemPlusChem\, 2012\, 77\, 616.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron
 .org.au/event/3/contributions/679/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/679/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Structure and function studies on  human plasminogen glycoforms
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T011000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T013000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-678@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Ruby Law (Monash University)\nPlasminogen is a 7-dom
 ain protein (with an N-terminal Pan-apple domain\, five kringle domains an
 d a C-terminal serine protease domain) that adopts a closed\, activation-r
 esistant conformation in the circulatory system. The recruitment of plasmi
 nogen to its target sites is dependant on the lysine binding sites of the 
 kringle domains. Binding to lysine residues on cell receptors and fibrin c
 lots simultaneously triggers a conformational re-arrangement of the molecu
 le to adopt an open conformation. The open form is readily converted to pl
 asmin by tissue- and urokinase-type Plasminogen Activators. Plasmin plays 
 a key role in number of physiological and pathological processes including
  degradation of extracellular matrices\, cell migration\, tissue remodelin
 g\, wound healing\, angiogenesis\, inflammation\, pathogen invasion and ca
 ncer migration. \n\nWe have solved the X-ray crystal structure of human pl
 asminogen in the closed conformation. Our results revealed that the N-term
 inal Pan-apple domain and the serine protease domain maintain the closed c
 onformation via interactions made throughout the kringle array\, in partic
 ular\, Kringles 2\, 4 and 5. Our data suggests that Kringle 1 governs proe
 nzyme recruitment to target sites and binding to external lysine of Kringl
 e 5 in the closed conformation may trigger the formation of the open confo
 rmation. \n\nGlycosylation affects the overall conformation of the protein
  and therefore its functions. There are two plasminogen glycoforms in the 
 plasma\; our structural data suggests that these glycoforms have distinct 
 structural characteristics. Here we discuss our studies on the activation 
 and inhibition of these two glycoforms.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.or
 g.au/event/3/contributions/678/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/678/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:FTIR detection of different phases of fatty acids forming 3D-assem
 blies
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-677@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Song Ha Nguyen (Swinburne University of Technology)\
 nSelf-assembly of molecules on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) t
 o form ordered patterns have been an area of active research since it is r
 elevant to colloidal stabilization\, patterning and thin film devices. Mos
 t of the works have focused on 2D crystalline layers of the molecules abso
 rbed onto graphite surfaces. However\, more and more research has provided
  the significance of forming 3D-structures onto surfaces\, for instance\, 
 superhydrophobicity\, self-cleaning and bactericides are induced by 3D wax
  crystals present on natural surfaces such as plant leaves and insect wing
 s. Two fatty acids\, palmitic acid and stearic acid\, which are ubiquitous
  in many organisms\, have been found to be the main contributors in the fo
 rming of 3D structure of Hemianax papuensis dragonfly wings.  Therefore\, 
 understanding and mimicking the formation of 3D-patterns in this case is n
 ot only important to biological process but also to potential applications
 . In this work\, the two fatty acids were self-assembled onto the surface 
 of HOPG which produced ordered 3D-assemblies. However\, despite their simi
 larities in chemical properties\, their 3D structure appeared greatly diff
 erent. Palmitic acid formed into 3D-microblades whilst stearic acids forme
 d into shorter plates. In order to understand the mechanism of such variat
 ions\, Synchrotron FTIR in ATR mode was employed. Peak shifts in CH2 νas 
 peaks were observed between the two fatty acids. It is postulated that thi
 s might be due to different phases present within the same 3D-assemblies o
 f the two fatty acids.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/cont
 ributions/677/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/677/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Hydrogen Bonding of O-Ethylxanthate Compounds and Neutron Structur
 al Determination of C–H•••S Interactions
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-676@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Lauren Macreadie (Monash University)\nThe hydrogen b
 onding in mixed sulfur/oxygen acceptor systems can be thoroughly investiga
 ted using the O-ethylxanthate  (or O-alkyldithiocarbonate) family of anion
 s. A series of O-ethylxanthate salts (guanidinium\, methylammonium\, dimet
 hylammonium\, trimethylammonium\, tetramethylammonium\, tetraethylammonium
 \, and tetrapropylammonium)\, were structurally characterised using synchr
 otron X-ray spectroscopy to demonstrate the influence of the cation on the
  overall packing of the salts into either 3-D\, 2-D or 1-D hydrogen-bonded
  arrangements. The protic cations vary in the number of available hydrogen
  bond donors which in turn affects the dimensionality of the hydrogen-bond
 ed networks that form. The guanidinium cation gives rise to a 3-D hydrogen
 -bonded network due to the large number of NH hydrogen bond donors\, where
 as the use of ammonium cations\, of the nature MexH4−xN+ (x = 1 – 3)\,
  demonstrates the decreasing dimensionality of the structures as the numbe
 r of hydrogen bond donors decreases.  Aprotic cations were also studied to
  demonstrate the influence of C-H…S interactions on the overall packing 
 arrangement of the structure\, in the absence of strong hydrogen bond dono
 r groups. Laue neutron diffraction data was used to locate weak C-H…S hy
 drogen bonds in (Me4N)(EtXn) through the location of the exact positions o
 f the CH hydrogen donors. The neutron data demonstrates the unequivocal pr
 esence of CH•••S hydrogen bonding\, with the H•••S distance si
 gnificantly shorter than the sum of the van der Waals’ radii (shortest i
 nteraction 2.67 Å compared with 3.00 Å).\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron
 .org.au/event/3/contributions/676/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/676/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:X-ray Imaging at IMBL: Detailed Considerations of Contrast and Res
 olution
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T043000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T045000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-675@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Andrew Stevenson (Australian Synchrotron/ CSIRO)\nTh
 e Imaging and Medical Beamline (IMBL) at the Australian Synchrotron has th
 ree hutches\, centred at 22\, 36 and 140m from the source\, in which user 
 experiments are performed.  Radiotherapy experiments are currently perform
 ed in the first of these hutches\, and imaging (including tomography) in t
 he second and third hutches. The X-ray source is provided by a superconduc
 ting multipole wiggler (SCMPW) insertion device. A double-crystal Laue mon
 ochromator (DCLM) can be used to select the desired X-ray energy within th
 e range 20 - 120keV at present. Alternatively\, a white (pink) beam can be
  employed\, using appropriate in-vacuo filters.\n\nWe will provide a detai
 led description and analysis of the key factors which influence the qualit
 y of X-ray images which can be recorded. In addition to the nature of the 
 sample itself\, the factors considered include the SCMPW field\, X-ray ene
 rgy or spectrum used\, source size\, detector resolution\, source-to-sampl
 e and sample-to-detector distances. The key parameters used in describing 
 the “quality” of an X-ray image are contrast (both absorption and phas
 e) and resolution. An objective assessment of the point-spread function wi
 ll be central and some discussion of signal-to-noise ratio will also be in
 cluded. Other factors such as the presence of a small harmonic-contaminati
 on contribution for certain operation of the DCLM will be considered.\n\nh
 ttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/675/
LOCATION: Conference Room AS
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/675/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:A combined XAS and TEM study on functional cobalt oxide catalysts 
 for water oxidation catalysis
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-674@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Hannah King (James Cook University)\nOne of the bigg
 est challenges of the 21st century is to develop methods of producing chea
 p\, carbon-neutral\, clean energy.(1) The Sun is a forefront renewable ene
 rgy source\, however current solar technologies are limited by the Sun’s
  diurnal nature. To become a viable future technology\, solar energy syste
 ms will need to efficiently convert sunlight into energy\, and then provid
 e a method of storing this harnessed energy. Photocatalytic water splittin
 g has been considered an attractive way to store solar energy. The reactio
 n product (molecular hydrogen) is an energy dense molecule that be used di
 rectly as a clean fuel\, or be readily converted into other energy dense m
 aterials\, such as solar fuels.(2) Solar fuels can be made economic throug
 h the use of inexpensive\, Earth-abundant materials in the catalytic water
  oxidation reaction. Some of the most promising candidates for this purpos
 e include phosphate doped metal oxides.(3) Understanding the role of the p
 hosphate dopant in these catalysts is analytically challenging as the acti
 ve dopant component is present in low levels and results in disordered amo
 rphous materials. Our work focusses on developing a synthetic approach to 
 systematically alter the phosphate dopant in metal oxide catalysts and dev
 eloping new analytical approaches to understand how the resulting disorder
 ed structure correlates with the high catalytic function.\n\nhttps://event
 s01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/674/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/674/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Probing materials at 100 nm resolution by AFM-based near field FTI
 R
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T034000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T040000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-673@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Mark Tobin (Australian Synchrotron)\nDevelopments to
  enable infrared microspectroscopy to extend beyond the far field diffract
 ion limit are being undertaken at several accelerator facilities worldwide
 .  These include the CLIO Free Electron Laser (Paris\, France)\, LNLS (Cam
 pinas\, Brazil)\, and the ALS infrared beamline (Berkeley\, USA).  Without
  such developments\, the spatial resolution in the mid-IR is typically 3 t
 o 5 microns. Two alternative techniques based on photothermal expansion (C
 LIO) and on near-field scattering from an AFM probe (LNLS\, ALS) are used 
 by these facilities\, and a beamline dedicated to this technique is planne
 d for LNLS\, with potential to push the spatial resolution limit to less t
 han 100 nm.  The IR beamline group at the Australian Synchrotron have gain
 ed experience of both methods\, through successful beamtime at CLIO and at
  the ALS. Results from the most recent beamtime at the ALS AFM-IR beamline
  instrument show the potential to collect representative IR spectra from s
 ub micron samples which had not been achievable using the IR beamline at t
 he Australian Synchrotron. Details of the instrumentation at the ALS beaml
 ine will be described\, along with results from samples\, including the de
 tection surface glucan molecules on the hyphae of Candida albicans fungi. 
 Such instrumentation could potentially be installed as an add-on to the IR
 M beamline at the Australian Synchrotron.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.
 org.au/event/3/contributions/673/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/673/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Ion Track Formation in Silicon Oxynitrides by Swift Heavy-Ion Irra
 diation
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-672@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Pablo Mota Santiago (Australian National University)
 \nAmorphous silicon oxynitrides (SiOxNy) are commonly used as barrier mate
 rial due to their interesting mechanical and chemical properties. However\
 , their application as gradient-index materials makes them also suitable c
 andidates for the synthesis of nanostructures [1].\n\nHere\, we present di
 rect evidence for the formation of ion tracks in 1-micron-thick silicon ox
 ynitrides of different stoichiometry. The samples were irradiated with 185
  MeV Au13+ ions to create the ion tracks. At such energies\, the incident 
 ion interacts predominantly with the system in the electronic regime. The 
 subsequent transfer of energy to the lattice can yield melting along the i
 on path. While in crystalline materials the rapid quenching freezes in str
 uctural disorder resulting in an ion track\, in amorphous materials a more
  complex process takes place [2]. The stoichiometry was determined using s
 pectral Reflectometry and Rutherford backscattering (RBS)\, while the morp
 hology was characterised by means of Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) a
 nd Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). SAXS measurements indic
 ate a core-shell structure for the ion tracks\, with a typical radius betw
 een 3-7 nm\, following a trend with N content.\n\n\n[1] Baak\, T.\, Silico
 n Oxynitride\; a material for GRIN optics\, Appl. Opt. 21 6 1069 (1982)\n\
 n[2] Kluth\, P. et al.\, Fine Structure in Swift Heavy Ion Tracks in Amorp
 hous SiO2\, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 175503 (2008) \n\nhttps://events01.synchr
 otron.org.au/event/3/contributions/672/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/672/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Structural Studies of Streptolysin O from Streptococcus pyogenes
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-671@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Susanne Feil (svi)\nCholesterol-dependent cytolysins
  (CDCs) constitute a family of bacterial toxins that form pores in many ce
 ll types. CDCs are secreted as water-soluble monomers\, bind to cholestero
 l-rich membranes\, oligomerise and insert into cell membranes. The presenc
 e of membrane cholesterol is required for the formation of large pores in 
 cell membranes. In order to convert from a soluble monomeric protein into 
 a membrane pore conformational changes of the three-dimensional structures
  of these toxins have to occur. Here\, we present the three-dimensional st
 ructure of streptolysin O (SLO) from Streptococcus pyogenes. Comparison wi
 th other CDCs structures shows that the overall fold is similar but the C-
 terminal domain exhibits a different orientation with respect to the rest 
 of the molecule. Additionally\, the highly conserved region called the und
 ecapeptide motif\, which is involved in membrane recognition\, adopts a di
 fferent conformation in SLO compared to perfringolysin O (PFO)\, although 
 the sequences in this region between the two toxins are identical.\n\nhttp
 s://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/671/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/671/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Crystal Structure of Human Insulin-Regulated Aminopeptidase
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T012500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T014500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-670@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Stefan Hermans (St Vincent's Institute)\nDementia is
  the single greatest cause of disability in older Australians afflicting a
 lmost one in ten over the age of 65. In the absence of curative therapies\
 , current treatments aimed at enhancing working memory target the choliner
 gic system and demonstrate limited efficacy\, underpinning the need for a 
 new class of cognitive enhancing drug. Insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (I
 RAP) is a membrane-bound zinc-metallopeptidase that cleaves neuroactive pe
 ptides in the brain and its inhibition gives rise to memory enhancing effe
 cts in both normal and memory-impaired rodents . Using a large scale insec
 t cell expression system to produce milligram quantities of protein suitab
 le for crystallography\, and the Micro Crystallography Beamline at the Aus
 tralian Synchrotron\, we have determined the crystal structure of human IR
 AP to 2.96 Å. This structure revealed a semi-closed\, four domain arrange
 ment with a large\, mostly buried cavity adjacent to the active site as we
 ll as a dimer interface located in the C-terminal domain. A comparison of 
 the catalytic domain with related aminopeptidases revealed a strikingly di
 fferent conformation of the GAMEN exopeptidase loop that explains IRAP’s
  unique specificity for cyclic peptides such as oxytocin and vasopressin. 
 This structure will be a powerful tool in the development of new classes o
 f cognitive enhancers for treating memory disorders such as Alzheimer's de
 mentia.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/670/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/670/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:A Compton spectroscopy technique for quality assurance of synchrot
 ron based stereotactic radiotherapy
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-669@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Iwan Cornelius (Imaging and Medical Beamline\, Austr
 alian Synchrotron\, Clayton\, Victoria\, Australia)\nSpectroscopy has the 
 potential to be a powerful tool for the quality assurance (QA) of radiothe
 rapy beams\; however\, direct measurement using spectroscopy detectors is 
 confounded by pulse pile up effects. This is particularly significant for 
 high dose rate\, synchrotron based stereotactic radiotherapy modalities su
 ch as microbeam radiation therapy (MRT). We herein investigate a Compton s
 pectroscopy technique to infer the energy spectrum of the primary beam by 
 measuring energies of photons scattered through 90 degrees in air. Compton
  spectroscopy of an MRT beam was performed using a collimated Amptek CdTe 
 detector at the Imaging and Medical Beamline (IMBL) of the Australian Sync
 hrotron. The response of the system as a function of energy was determined
  both experimentally\, using a monochromator in the energy range 30-90 keV
 \, and by  simulation using the Geant4 Monte Carlo toolkit for x-ray energ
 ies between 10-300 keV. This response function\, along with the Compton eq
 uation\, can be used to reconstruct the incident energy spectrum for subse
 quent comparison with the theoretically predicted energy spectrum.\n\nhttp
 s://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/669/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/669/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:X-Ray reflectometery on the SAXS/WAXS beamline
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T034000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T040000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-668@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Stephen Holt (Australian Nuclear Science and Technol
 ogy Organisation)\nX-ray (XRR) and Neutron Reflectometry (NR) techniques a
 re vital and widely used for characterising the interfacial structure of t
 hin films normal to a surface.  XRR is regularly used to characterise syst
 ems such as ion distribution at the ionic-liquid/electrode surface\, the s
 tructure of thin film organic photovoltaics\, the structure of organic lig
 ht emitting devices\, phospholipid membranes at the air-liquid interface\,
  etc.\nXRR measurement are simple in principle: the intensity of reflected
  radiation is measured as a function of the momentum transfer\, Q\, which 
 depends on the angle of incidence and the wavelength of the X-rays.  Divid
 ing by the direct beam intensity gives the reflectivity. Providing one has
  sufficient incident beam collimation these experiments can be performed o
 n a lab-source x-ray diffractometer/reflectometer.\nThe energy of most lab
  sources (typically CuKα) restricts the choice for the upper medium\, usu
 ally to air.  Therefore air/solid or air/liquid interfaces are studied but
  rarely solid/liquid\, liquid/liquid or buried interfaces. XRR at a synchr
 otron\, where the energy can be tuned allied with the high brilliance\, en
 ables one to overcome these limitations.  We have undertaken experiments a
 t the liquid/solid interface on the SAXS/WAXS beamline using x-ray energie
 s of 20 keV.\nThis presentation will outline the progress that has been ma
 de with the expectation that this technique will be available to the wider
  user community. The success with organic solar cell dyes studied at the t
 itania/acetonitrile interface will be highlighted.\n\nhttps://events01.syn
 chrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/668/
LOCATION: Conference Room AS
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/668/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Formation of embedded SiGe alloy nanoparticles in Si3N4
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-667@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: sahar mirzaei (ANU)\nThe structural properties of Ge
  NPs synthesised by ion implantation in amorphous Si3N4 at 400 oC. A combi
 nation of conventional techniques (XRD and RBS) and synchrotron-based meth
 od have been used to investigate the properties of NPs. XRD spectra reveal
 s poly crystallization of the matrix for samples annealed at 1100 oC and a
  peak related to SiGe structure. RBS study indicates diffusion of Ge atoms
  toward the Si substrate after annealing at 1100 oC.  In addition\, X-ray 
 Absorption Spectroscopy quantified the interatomic structure of implanted 
 samples both as function of concentrations\, and post annealing. The forma
 tion of a Si(1-x)Gex NPs with different compositions related to different 
 atomic concentration of Ge ions\, for all examined samples was readily evi
 dent. Regardless of implantation fluence all samples implanted at 1100 oC 
 result in poly crystallization of the matrix and therefore formation of cr
 ystalline SiGe NPs. However\, for other annealing temperatures no extended
  structures formed indicating that the SiGe NPs are in amorphous phase. \n
 \nCrystallization of the nitride matrix enables the rapid diffusion of Ge 
 atoms to the Si/Si3N4 interface. we discuss the role of implantation and a
 nnealing on the growth of NPs in a Si3N4 matrix and compare to that previo
 usly observed for Ge in SiO2. We find that implantation and defects appear
  to contribute to the final structure. The complex mechanisms responsible 
 for crystallisation of the matrix including consideration of structural di
 sorder and non-stoichiometry have been identified.\n\nhttps://events01.syn
 chrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/667/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/667/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Temperature dependency analysis of Ge+1 ions embedded in Si3N4 by 
 ion implantation
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-666@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: sahar mirzaei (ANU)\nA uniform ion distribution of G
 e+1 ions were achieved through multiple-energy/fluence implantations of Ge
  ions into 2μm a-Si3N4\, which were grown on Si(100) substrates. Implanta
 tions were performed at temperatures of -196\, 200 and 400 oC\, to investi
 gate the effect of implanting temperature on the phase of the matrix.\nMul
 tiple techniques were used to characterise the evolution of the structural
  properties of samples. The crystalline and amorphous components both as a
  function of implantation temperature and concentrations\, and post-implan
 t annealing were quantified by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. The formatio
 n of a Si-Ge bonding environments\, for all examined concentrations and te
 mperatures was readily evident. For samples implanted at -196 oC\, second 
 and third nearest neighbor peaks were observed\, indicative of crystalline
  environment. For samples implanted at higher temperatures\, however\, the
 re was no extended structure indicating that the Ge environment is amorpho
 us for these samples.\nRaman spectroscopy measurements confirmed the impla
 ntation-temperature dependent structure. Crystallisation of the nitride ma
 trix enables the rapid diffusion of Ge atoms to the Si/Si3N4 interface. Th
 e formation of a thin\, non-uniform GexSi(1-x) layer ensued\, accompanied 
 by interfacial faceting to relative strain. We find that both implantation
  and chemical-induced defects appear to be responsible for the various str
 uctures that ensue with processing conditions. I have isolated the complex
  mechanisms responsible for crystallisation of the matrix\, including cons
 ideration of structure disorders\, loss of N2\, and non-stoichiometry.\n\n
 https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/666/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/666/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Longitudinal Ptychographic Coherent Diffractive Imaging
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T001500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T004500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-665@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Bo Chen (ARC Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molec
 ular Imaging\, La Trobe University\, Victoria 3086\, Australia)\nIn recent
  years Coherent Diffractive Imaging (CDI) has rapidly matured into a power
 ful tool for high-resolution X-ray phase contrast imaging. However\, a fun
 damental limit exists on the size of object that can be imaged when using 
 conventional CDI due to the need to correctly sample the measured diffract
 ion intensities. Ptychography\, a technique initially developed for electr
 on microscopy\, can overcome limitations on the sample size by combining d
 ata collected from multiple overlapping probe positions. Whilst almost all
  ptychographic CDI experiments are performed using plane-waves our group h
 as been exploring the benefits of introducing phase curvature into the ima
 ge reconstruction algorithms by illuminating the sample with the diverging
  probe produced by a focused X-ray beam. We have shown that this geometry 
 allows for rapid image reconstructions from large sample areas with far fe
 wer scanning points needed. Furthermore\, by combining data taken with the
  sample at different longitudinal positions parallel to the incident beam 
 as well as data taken at different transverse positions perpendicular to t
 he beam it has been shown that the dose delivered to the sample can be gre
 atly reduced without loss of spatial resolution. Here we carry this idea f
 urther\, showing that it is possible to reconstruct an image of a sample s
 canned through the focal plane without any transverse data being included.
  This has a number of potential applications for biological imaging includ
 ing ‘zooming in’ on regions of interest without imparting potentially 
 damaging X-ray doses to the rest of the sample.\n\nhttps://events01.synchr
 otron.org.au/event/3/contributions/665/
LOCATION: Conference Room AS
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/665/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Zinc complex rescues subcellular zinc and calcium mislocalisation 
 in batten disease
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T032000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T034000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-664@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Anthony White (University of Melbourne)\nA hallmark 
 of neurodegeneration is a failure of homeostatic mechanisms controlling th
 e concentration and distribution of biometals. A major roadblock to unders
 tanding the impact of altered biometal homeostasis in neurodegenerative di
 sease is the lack of specific and sensitive techniques capable of providin
 g quantitative subcellular information on biometals in situ. Advances in X
 -ray fluorescence detectors provide an opportunity to rapidly measure biom
 etal content at subcellular resolution in cells using X-ray Fluorescence M
 icroscopy (XFM). We investigated subcellular biometal homeostasis in a cer
 ebellar cell line from a natural mouse model of a childhood neurodegenerat
 ive disorder\, the CLN6 form of Batten Disease. Despite no global cell con
 centration changes\, XFM revealed significant subcellular mislocalisation 
 of zinc and calcium in cerebellar Cln6nclf cells. XFM revealed that nuclea
 r-to-cytoplasmic trafficking of zinc was severely perturbed in diseased ce
 lls and the subcellular distribution of calcium was drastically altered in
  Cln6nclf cells. Subtle differences in the zinc XANES spectra of control a
 nd Cln6nclf cells suggested that impaired zinc homeostasis may be associat
 ed with an altered ligand set in Cln6nclf cells. Importantly\, a zinc-comp
 lex\, ZnII(atsm)\, restored the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic zinc ratios in Cln6
 nclf cells via nuclear zinc delivery\, and restored the relationship betwe
 en subcellular zinc and calcium levels to that observed in healthy control
  cells. ZnII(atsm) treatment also resulted in a reduction in the number of
  calcium-rich puncta observed in Cln6nclf cells. This study highlights the
  complementarities of bulk and single cell analysis of metal content for u
 nderstanding disease states.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/
 3/contributions/664/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/664/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:SAXS and SANS characterisation of ion irradiation in polymers
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T032000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T034000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-663@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Daniel Schauries (Department of Electronic Material 
 Engineering\, The Australian National University\, Australia)\nWhen expose
 d to swift heavy ion irradiation a wide range of materials show formation 
 of ion tracks as a result of their interaction with the material’s elect
 rons. These tracks are narrow\, cylindrical-shaped regions of high defect 
 concentration\, only a few nanometres in diameter and up to tens of microm
 eters in length. Ion-irradiated polymers allow the fabrication of microele
 ctronic devices such as micro-capacitors and as well as nanowires\, nano-m
 embranes and sensors. We have previously demonstrated small angle x-ray sc
 attering (SAXS) allows a size characterisation of latent tracks in inorgan
 ic materials [1].\n\nHere\, we present our recent results on the investiga
 tion of ion tracks in polycarbonate. SAXS measurements reveal a diameter o
 f 5 nm for tracks hosted within an organic polymer environment. Complement
 ary small angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments at ANSTO reveal a si
 milar value. However\, probing the relative change in density between the 
 latent track and the host material\, SAXS shows significant less defect co
 ncentration within the tracks than SANS.  Both techniques are sensitive to
  different elements and allow a comparison of the atom-specific damages of
  ion irradiation in polycarbonate.\n\nFinally\, we present the effects of 
 thermal annealing on ion tracks in polycarbonate: Moderate temperatures (1
 00-200 oC) lead to an increase in track diameter\, contrary to our previou
 s results on tracks in crystals [2].\n\n[1] P. Kluth et al.\, Phys. Rev. L
 ett. 101 (2011) 175503. [2] D. Schauries et al.\, J. Appl. Cryst. 46 (2013
 ) 1558.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/663/
LOCATION: Conference Room AS
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/663/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Developments in Partially Coherent Ptychography
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-662@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Guido Cadenazzi (La Trobe University)\nPtychography 
 has rapidly developed into a widespread technique for high-resolution X-ra
 y microscopy due to improvements in image quality and the added flexibilit
 y over conventional Coherent Diffractive Imaging (CDI) techniques. These b
 enefits are achieved via scanning the sample across a finite incident beam
  such that overlapping regions reinforce the solution for the sample trans
 mission function in the diffraction data. Recent developments in position 
 correction algorithms ameliorate the problems associated with sample stage
  drift and hysterises during image acquisition and reduce drift artefacts.
  Nevertheless\, its application to table-top sources has been less rapid d
 ue to their limited coherent flux. Such an extension is vital if diffracti
 on microscopy is to become a widespread and routine imaging modality. In t
 his talk\, we present recent results of ptychographic diffractive imaging 
 using partial spatial and temporal coherence and suggest a new condition f
 or the optimal overlap parameter when imaging using partially coherent rad
 iation. This has important implications for users wishing to apply ptychog
 raphy to conventional sources that may not meet the stringent coherence re
 quirements for conventional diffractive imaging.\n\nhttps://events01.synch
 rotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/662/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/662/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Spatial dosimetric response of an ionisation chamber to kilovoltag
 e synchrotron radiation by 2D scanning in a sub-millimetre beam
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T053000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T055000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-661@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Duncan Butler (ARPANSA)\nThe IMBL at the Australian 
 Synchrotron is able to provide high-brightness kilovoltage radiation in th
 e energy range 20 – 200 keV. A PTW 30013 Farmer-type ionisation chamber 
 was scanned through a point-like (sub-millimetre) beam and the ionisation 
 signal from the chamber was recorded as a function of position. In this wa
 y an image was constructed from the spatial dosimetric response of the cha
 mber. Such information can be used to determine\, for example\, the fracti
 on of response from the chamber stem to the overall response of the chambe
 r. Other interesting features include the contribution from the aluminium 
 central electrode\, and increased response where the walls are side-on to 
 the beam (and therefore contribute a greater number of secondary electrons
  to the air cavity). The results are compared to a Monte Carlo model. Dosi
 metric response maps should be useful for investigating the design of ioni
 sation chambers for radiotherapy.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/e
 vent/3/contributions/661/
LOCATION: Conference Room AS
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/661/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:High Resolution Imaging of IMBL microbeams.
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T033500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T035500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-660@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Frank Gagliardi (WBRC - Alfred Hospital\, RMIT Unive
 rsity)\nHigh resolution 3D imaging of microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) mi
 crobeams produced on the Australian Synchrotron's IMBL has been achieved u
 sing laser fluorescent confocal microscopy (LFCM). Radiosensitive dosimete
 rs have been specifically fabricated to suit the extremely high dose of th
 e MRT microbeams and the geometrical needs of the LFCM. Cross-fire\, stere
 otactic and interlaced MRT beams are easily resolved in 3D with scope to a
 ccurately determine dosimetric properties to be used in future animal and 
 human treatments.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contribut
 ions/660/
LOCATION: Conference Room AS
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/660/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Carbon speciation in soil: Effects on carbon turnover and carbon s
 equestration
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T031500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T033500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-659@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: MARIA C. HERNANDEZ-SORIANO (SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE AN
 D FOOD SCIENCES\, THE UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND)\nCarbon storage in soil is
  essential for soil productivity while being directly linked to climate ch
 ange. Mapping microaggregate-associated forms of soil organic carbon can h
 elp understanding the mechanisms of carbon stabilization in soil\, reveali
 ng molecular organization\, physical protection in soil particles and co-l
 ocalization of carbon sources with microbial processes. \nSpatially-resolv
 ed analyses of carbon distribution in microaggregates (\n\nhttps://events0
 1.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/659/
LOCATION: NCSS Seminar Room
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/659/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Pipeline for <i>in cellulo</i> structure determination
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-658@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Damia Garriga (Monash University)\, Marion Boudes (M
 onash University)\nThe production of diffraction-quality crystals remains 
 the major bottleneck in X-ray crystallography\, as shown by data from the 
 main structural biology consortia. By contrast\, in certain systems\, crys
 tals grow readily in the complex environment of the cell used to express t
 he protein\, be it in the natural context or in a recombinant system for o
 verexpression. Recent interest in these in vivo crystals have \nemerged in
  the context of a growing impact of microcrystallography brought by serial
  microcrystallography at synchrotron and X-ray free electron laser facilit
 ies.\n\nOur aim is to set up a pipeline to streamline in cellulo diffracti
 on\, direct exposure of crystals to X-rays directly through the cells. Usi
 ng in vivo crystals of the recombinant cypovirus polyhedrin\, we show that
  crystal-containing cells could be selectively sorted by flow cytometry ba
 sed on their higher side scattering. Crystal-containing cells were dyed wi
 th Trypan blue to achieve better visualisation\, mounted on micromeshes an
 d flash-frozen. Analysis of these cells on the MX2 beamline of the Austral
 ian Synchrotron show that high-quality diffraction data can be collected f
 rom in cellulo crystals. The structure of the polyhedrin protein determine
 d by molecular replacement closely matches the model previously determined
  from purified microcrystals. Advantages of this approach over conventiona
 l crystallography and future developments will be discussed in the present
 ation.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/658/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/658/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Formation of nanostructures in Silicon Oxynitrides by Ion Implanta
 tion
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-657@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Pablo Mota Santiago (Australian National University)
 \nThe photoluminescence signal of Amorphous silicon oxynitrides can be tun
 able by controlling their stoichiometry. The change in PL is related to de
 fect centres and phase structures changes [1]. A coupling between the surf
 ace plasmon resonace of Au nanoparticles with these PL centres would lead 
 to develop new optoelectronic and light source devices.\n\nTo study this p
 rocess we implanted 2 MeV Au ions at room temperature with a fluence of 5 
 X 1016 ions/cm2\, following a 60 minute thermal annealing at different atm
 ospheres and temperatures between 1000°C to 1100 °C.  The different size
  distributions were determined via Small Angle X-ray Scattering\, while th
 e structural parameters were determined by EXAFS [2]. As a result\, Au nan
 oparticles with an average radius between 1-8 nm were found\, where the si
 ze distribution showed a strong dependence with N concentration.\n\n[1] Hu
 ang R. et al.\, Bright red\, orange-yellow and white switching photolumine
 scence from silicon oxynitrides films with fast decay dynamics\, Opt. Mat.
  Express 4 2 205 (2014)\n[2] Giulian R.\, et al.\, The influence of anneal
 ing conditions on the growth and structure of embedded Pt nanocrystals\, J
 . Appl. Phys. 105 2 044303 (2009)\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/e
 vent/3/contributions/657/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/657/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Developments in sample characterisation at the SXR endstation
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-656@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Anton Tadich (Australian Synchrotron)\nMany of the m
 ore demanding surface science experiments at the soft x-ray beamline are o
 ften concerned with the interaction between ordered substrates of novel ma
 terials and adlayer molecules or thin films. Whilst soft x-ray spectroscop
 y is extremely powerful in characterizing the chemical information at such
  interfaces\, being able to measure concomitant changes in other physical 
 properties can provide a more complete story\; for example\, understanding
  how we can control free charge carriers in novel materials using molecula
 r acceptor or donor molecules. We detail two major hardware upgrades on th
 e endstation for additional sample characterization. The first has been th
 e addition of an Ultra high Vacuum (UHV) four point probe\, capable of mea
 suring  the resistivity of samples in-situ. Under a continuous UHV environ
 ment\, we can now obtain electronic structure and chemical information usi
 ng soft x-ray spectroscopy\, with changes in the electrical properties i.e
  basic transport measurements. The hardware is currently being extended to
  measure Hall Bar geometries with back gating. Recent results on DNA nucle
 obase molecules and their interaction with graphene are shown. The second 
 major initiative has been the  to develop robust means of measuring the sa
 mple workfunction\, a property highly sensitive to surface chemistry. The 
 photoemission-based method\, using the secondary electron cutoff (SECO)\, 
 has been initiated. For materials where the SECO method does not work (e.g
  insulators) we have installed a non-contact UHV Kelvin Probe. Recent resu
 lts from the Kelvin probe and SECO on functionalised diamond surfaces are 
 presented.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/65
 6/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/656/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:X-ray Fourier-transform holography with customizable references
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-655@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Andrew Martin (ARC Centre for Excellence for Advance
 d Molecular Imaging\, School of Physics\, University of Melbourne)\nHologr
 aphic references can enhance the robustness of coherent diffraction imagin
 g experiments and greatly simplify data analysis. However\, to date hologr
 aphy has only only been possible with a limited set of special reference w
 aves. We present a new approach to x-ay Fourier-transform holography with 
 an almost unrestricted choice for the reference wave\, opening up new aven
 ues to optimize signal-to-noise and resolution. Two geometries that exploi
 t this flexibility are to have the reference and object in separate planes
  and to have a reference that fills the field of view. Both of these advan
 tages featured in an experiment we performed at the Australian Synchrotron
   where we explored the potential of our method. In future experiments\, o
 ur goal is to optimize holography for robustness and resolution by optimiz
 ing the reference design to help establish holography as a reliable\, acce
 ssible\, high-resolution coherent imaging technique.\n\nhttps://events01.s
 ynchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/655/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/655/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:The THz/Far-IR Beamline at the Australian Synchrotron
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T053000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T055000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-654@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Ruth Plathe (Australian Synchrotron)\nThe THz/Far-IR
  beamline at the Australian Synchrotron is coupled to a Bruker IFS125 FT s
 pectrometer which is equipped with a variety of optical components and det
 ectors covering the spectral range from 10 to 5000 cm-1. Experiments from 
 a variety of fields such as atmospheric and astrophysical sciences\, geolo
 gy\, electrochemistry\, nano-materials as well as biology have been succes
 sfully conducted at the beamline.\nThere is a variety of instruments to ac
 commodate the diverse requirements of the User community: long-path gas-ce
 lls to study gases\, radicals generated by pyrolysis and aerosols\; 6.3 K 
 and 77 K cryostats to study condensed-phase samples in transmission\, and 
 reflection studies at grazing incidence\, as well as near-normal incidence
  at high-temperatures (\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/con
 tributions/654/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/654/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Design and Implementation of an Optical Ptychographic Microscope a
 t La Trobe University
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-653@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Nicholas Anthony (Australian Research Council\, Cent
 re of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging\, La Trobe University\, VIC
  3086\, Australia)\nPtychography is a method for quantitatively determinin
 g the phase of of a samples’ complex transmission function. The techniqu
 e relies upon the collection of multiple overlapping coherent diffraction 
 patterns from laterally displaced points on the sample. The overlap of mea
 surement points provides complementary information that significantly aids
  in the reconstruction of the complex wavefield exiting the sample. Moreov
 er the method is sufficiently robust to simultaneously recover both the sa
 mple and probe functions from a single dataset.\n\nPtychography was initia
 lly realised for applications involving electron microscopy (Hoppe et al.\
 , Acta Cryst. A\, 1969) but has been widely adopted by the x-ray lensless 
 imaging community. More recently\, it has found application in the optical
  regime (e.g. Godden et al. Optics Express\, 2014) where it can be applied
  to 2D and 3D quantitative phase contrast imaging of weakly interacting sp
 ecimens.\n\nHere we describe and demonstrate the realisation of a high-qua
 lity optical ptychographic microscope at La Trobe University comprising 
 ‘off the shelf’ components. As well as providing important proof-of-pr
 inciple data for developing coherent imaging experiments at synchrotron an
 d X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) sources\, we are planning to develop th
 is instrument for applications involving complimentary live cell imaging.\
 n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/653/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/653/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Connecting Academia with Industry: Some success stories
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T000000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T003000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-652@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Kathryn Spiers (Australian Synchrotron)\nThe Austral
 ian Synchrotron is continually growing its Industrial customer base. The S
 ynchrotron’s Industry Group has been providing expert support and facili
 tation between these Industrial clients and collaborators from more tradit
 ional academic and research institutes. These collaborations exist across 
 a diverse and expanding range of fields. This presentation will showcase s
 ome of the successful Industrial collaborations incorporating the Synchrot
 ron. Of these\, one example is the examination of elemental segregation in
  heavy rail by X-ray fluorescence microscopy\, conducted with the Institut
 e of Rail Technology at Monash University as part of their collaborations 
 with their industrial partners. This study revealed segregation informatio
 n to a resolution not previously available to the heavy rail industry\, an
 d has great potential for future assessments of rail quality and longevity
 .\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/652/
LOCATION: NCSS Seminar Room
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/652/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Opportunities for Industrial Engagement and Commercial Application
 s of X-ray and Correlative Microscopy at the Australian Synchrotron
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-651@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Kathryn Spiers (Australian Synchrotron)\nThe Austral
 ian Synchrotron is a powerful scientific tool offering state of the art te
 chniques and is ideally positioned to provide services for the evolution a
 nd commercialization of the next generation of high-tech products. The inc
 reasing pressure to move products to market quickly has required industry 
 to look for new approaches in their development cycle. To this end\, indus
 try is embracing the advantages provided by the Synchrotron\, with respect
  to both the technical services and scientific experience and expertise pr
 ovided to commercial clients.\nThe world class X ray and Infrared microsco
 py facilities at the Australian Synchrotron provide unique opportunities t
 o commercial enterprises not available at any other facility in Australia.
  The large area scanning and high sensitivity of the X ray Fluorescence Mi
 croscopy beamline enables the acquisition of high definition elemental map
 s for industries including agriculture\, minerals and mining\, and advance
 d materials. The Infrared Microspectroscopy beamline combines the high bri
 lliance and collimation of the Synchrotron source to achieve a spatial res
 olution that has been applied to problem solving - such as contaminant ide
 ntification in manufactured products. The Imaging and Medical beamline abi
 lity to produce rapid\, time-resolved\, high-contrast 3D tomographic image
 s of soft and hard materials has been applied to investigations of pore ne
 tworks and connectivity in additive manufacturing products and geological 
 systems. Examples will be provided highlighting the strengths of these tec
 hniques and the particular benefits they can provide Australian industry.\
 n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/651/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/651/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Smart adsorbents for gas separation research at Australian Synchro
 tron
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T004500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T010500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-650@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Qinfen Gu (Australian Synchrotron)\nZeolite molecula
 r sieves are one of the most important materials for separation of molecul
 es. We discovered smart porous materials for gas separation – zeolites c
 ontaining cations that function as molecular trapdoors allow guest-selecti
 ve\, size-inverse separations. For example\, a “molecular trapdoor” me
 chanism in specifically tailored zeolites which produces a counter-intuiti
 ve size-inverse “sieving” for CO/N2\, and a record high selectivity fo
 r CO2/CH4 separation over a large pressure range. [1] In the other case\, 
 we found an unusual operating regime on a chabazite zeolite in which the a
 dsorption selectivity for N2 over CH4 inverts from being more selective fo
 r N2 at 253 K\, to becoming less selective with increasing temperature and
  eventually becoming selective for CH4 over N2 above 293 K. [2] These mate
 rials could benefit for carbon capture and gas purification.\n[1] Shang\, 
 Jin\; Li\, Gang\; Singh\, Ranjeet\; Gu\, Qinfen\; et al. JOURNAL OF THE AM
 ERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY\,134\, 46\,19246-19253\, (2012) \n[2] Shang\, Jin\
 ; Li\, Gang\; Gu\, Qinfen\; et al. CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS\, 50\, 35\, 454
 4-4546\, (2014)\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributio
 ns/650/
LOCATION: NCSS Seminar Room
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/650/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Winning the battle of Signal vs Noise
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T000000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T003000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-649@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: James Holton (UCSF/LBNL)\nThe success or failure of 
 any structure determination effort is dictated by the signal-to-noise rati
 o\, so a quantitative understanding of both signal and noise is needed to 
 have the best chance of success and to avoid wasted effort on samples that
  simply aren’t good enough.  There are three main hurdles to every struc
 ture determination effort: the Phase Problem\, the Amplitude Problem\, and
  the R-factor Gap.  The Phase Problem is hampered mainly by sources of rel
 ative error\, such as shutter jitter\, incident beam flicker\, sample vibr
 ation\, detector calibration\, and non-isomorphism\, including that induce
 d by radiation damage.  High multiplicity is the best way to combat relati
 ve error\, but it must be “true” multiplicity\, where no spot is ever 
 measured the same way twice.  Conversely\, the Amplitude Problem\, also kn
 own as “poor diffraction” is dominated by the background under weak sp
 ots\, and the finite number of photons appearing in a weak spot before the
  crystal dies.  This radiation damage limit can be outrun with femtosecond
  pulses\, but even X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFELs) cannot make a disord
 ered crystal diffract.  Screening for order is best performed at synchrotr
 ons.  The R-factor Gap is the large discrepancy between (Rcryst/Rfree) and
  the error in the data itself (Rmerge/Rmeas).  Closing this Gap requires a
  better understanding of dynamics\, which itself is relevant to function. 
 Overall\, the Three Hurdles can be overcome by improved methodology\, bett
 er sample preparation\, and improved macromolecular models that will open 
 new doors in structural biology.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/ev
 ent/3/contributions/649/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/649/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Mechanisms of action of a potent DNA binding UVA photosensitiser u
 sing mRNA-sequencing and infrared Synchrotron microspectroscopy
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T030000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-648@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Karagiannis Tom (Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Instit
 ute)\nPhototherapy is a well-established therapeutic strategy in dermatolo
 gy\, particularly for the treatment of psoriasis and cutaneous T-cell lymp
 homa.  Treatment may either rely on the cytotoxic effect of light of a par
 ticular wavelength (e.g. UVB and narrowband UVB) or may require the use of
  a sensitizer (e.g. psoralens with UVA). We have developed iodinated DNA m
 inor groove binding bisbenzimidazoles as UVA sensitizers. We investigated 
 the phototoxicity of a number of iodinated bibenzimidazoles and UVASens\, 
 proved to be outstanding with respect to photopotency\, due in part to the
  very high quantum yield of photodeiodination.  Indeed\, the photopotency 
 of the iodinated bibenzimidazole is about 1000-fold higher than that of ps
 oralens.  We have used genome-wide mRNA-Sequencing and infrared Synchrotro
 n microspectroscopy to gain insights into the mechanisms accounting for th
 e phototoxicity of UVASens in human erythroleukemic K562 cells. Infrared s
 pectra indicate unique signatures for cells treated with combinations of U
 VASens and UVA light compared to untreated cells and cells treated with ei
 ther UVASens or UVA light alone. Analysis indicates that mechanisms of cyt
 otoxicity involve inhibition of DNA synthesis\, lipid peroxidation and ind
 uction of apoptosis. Further\, mRNA-sequencing reveals changed expression 
 of >8\,000 genes following treatment of cells with combinations of UVASens
  and UVA with many of those genes involved in pathways regulating cell cyc
 le\, cell-death and apoptosis.  Overall\, our findings highlight the extre
 me photopotency of UVASens.  We are currently investigating the potential 
 of specifically targeting malignant cells using UVASens loaded nanoparticl
 e formulations.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributio
 ns/648/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/648/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Stability and Surface Reconstruction of Bi2Se3 on Exposure to Atmo
 sphere
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T023000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T030000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-647@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Mark Edmonds (Monash University)\nThe new class of t
 opological materials including Bi2Se3 offer opportunities to develop next 
 generation electron devices that utilize spin generation and detection wit
 hout ferromagnetism [1]. However\, the fate of the Bi2Se3 surface upon exp
 osure to atmosphere remains unclear. In particular whilst the topology of 
 Bi2Se3 guarantees the presence of a metallic surface\, the topological pro
 perties of the metallic surface depend on the surface and its reconstructi
 on [2]. Therefore\, it is essential to understand the structure of the air
 -exposed Bi2Se3 surface in order to interpret the properties of any air-ex
 posed Bi2Se3 device. \n\nUtilizing high-resolution surface sensitive XPS w
 e reveal that five minute air exposure causes a drastic change to the surf
 ace of in-situ cleaved Bi2Se3. An additional component within the Bi 5d co
 re level was observed after exposure that corresponds to the formation of 
 isolated ~0.8 nm thick Bi2 layers at the surface of Bi2Se3 [3]. This Bi2 l
 ayer is found to occur across multiple samples and is precipitated rapidly
  by exposure to atmosphere\, while samples left for several days in UHV af
 ter in-situ cleaving show no change. This finding offers new avenues to st
 udy a 2D TI (Bi2) interfaced with a 3D TI (Bi2Se3) but also has significan
 t consequences in understanding the electronic structure of air-exposed Bi
 2Se3. \n\n\n[1] Y. Xia\, et al.\, Nature Physics 5\, 398 (2009).\n[2] Q. D
 . Gibson\, et al.\, Phys. Rev. B 88\, 081108(R) (2013).\n[3] M. T. Edmonds
 \, et al.\, J. Phys. Chem. C 118\, 20413 (2014).\n\nhttps://events01.synch
 rotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/647/
LOCATION:
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/647/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:High resolution x-ray beam dosimetry using radiochromic films
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-646@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Christopher Hall (Australian Synchrotron)\nThe use o
 f radiochromic film for clinical dosimetry is well established\, and in pr
 inciple these films can provide the high spatial resolution dosimetry requ
 ired for the microbeam x-ray radiotherapy research taking place on IMBL. T
 he spatial resolution of a measurement made with the radiochromic film is 
 typically limited by the densitometry. For broad beam illuminations (> 1 m
 m) the spatial resolution of photographic quality commercial scanners has 
 been found adequate. However for the higher resolutions required for micro
 beam radiation therapy (MRT) where beam dimensions are typically 25 micron
 s\, the modulation transfer function (MTF) of such scanners has been prove
 n not to be sufficient. \nA densitometry method based on using a microscop
 e with a digital imaging system is potentially both rapid and efficient. W
 e have assessed the use of the IMBL inverted microscope which is equipped 
 with a motorised stage and a digital camera\, and devised a potential prot
 ocol for high resolution film sensitometry and dosimetry.\n\nhttps://event
 s01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/646/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/646/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:<i>In Situ</i> PXRD Studies of the Solvothermal Syntheses of WO<su
 b>3</sub>-Ethylenediamine Hybrid Nanowires and Bi<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>x</sub
 >Te<sub>3-x</sub> Nanoplatelets
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T031500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T033500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-645@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Fang Xia (CSIRO)\nSolvothermal syntheses are very ve
 rsatile for fabricating nanostructured materials. While the majority of st
 udies focus on materials syntheses\, little attention has been paid to und
 erstanding the synthesis mechanisms\, which are of vital importance to the
  rational design of synthesis for preparing optimized materials. In this c
 ontext\, in situ powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) is ideal to study solvoth
 ermal materials syntheses as it is capable of providing direct reaction in
 formation under the harsh autoclave synthesis conditions. In this presenta
 tion\, I will show the application of in situ PXRD in solving the mechanis
 ms of the solvothermal synthesis of (1) WO3-ethylenediamine inorganic-orga
 nic hybrid nanowires\, and (2) Bi2SexTe3-x nanoplatelets. The WO3-ethylene
 diamine nanowires showed excellent performance in catalysis and water trea
 tment and Bi2SexTe3-x nanoplatelets are topological insulators that have p
 otential applications in the electronic and optoelectronics areas. In the 
 in situ PXRD experiments\, solvothermal syntheses were conducted in quartz
  glass microreactors that were placed at the beam centre of the Australian
  Synchrotron powder diffraction beamline\, and the time resolved PXRD patt
 erns were recorded to follow the phase evolution during the synthesis. For
  both materials\, in situ PXRD discovered intermediate phases that played 
 an important role in controlling the formation of the final nanostructured
  materials.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/6
 45/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/645/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Investigating Molecular Power Converters
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141119T224500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141119T233000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-644@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Daniela Stock (Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institu
 te)\nRotary ATPases are ubiquitous protein complexes that couple the trans
 location of protons through membranes to the synthesis or hydrolysis of AT
 P and are thus central to biological energy conversion. Eukaryotic F-type 
 ATP synthases use energy stored in transmembrane proton gradients to synth
 esise the biological energy carrier ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. 
 The evolutionary related V-type ATPases operate in reverse by utilising en
 ergy derived from ATP hydrolysis to build up transmembrane ion gradients t
 hereby enabling transport processes across membranes. Most eubacteria have
  F-type ATPases\, but some eubacteria and all known archaea have ATPases o
 f the A-type\, which are close homologues of V-ATPases. A-ATPases are simp
 ler in design than their eukaryotic counterparts\, but are bifunctional an
 d can operate in either direction in dependence of their cellular environm
 ent (1). \nWe are using a combination of X-ray structure analysis\, electr
 on microscopy and other biochemical and biophysical techniques to obtain a
  pseudo-atomic model of an A-ATPase (2\, 3). In addition\, X-ray structure
 s in different conformations along with normal mode analysis suggest a gre
 ater dynamics of the intact complex than previously envisioned. This might
  be important for cooperativity and regulation of intact rotary ATPases (4
 \, 5).\n1. Stewart et al. BioArchitecture 3 (2013)\n2. Zhou\, et al. Scien
 ce 334\, 380-385 (2011)\n3. Lee\, et al. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 17\, 373-
 378 (2010)\n4. Stewart\, et al. Nature Communications 3\, 687 (2012)\n5. S
 tewart et al. Current Opinion Structural Biology 25\, 40-48 (2014)\n\nhttp
 s://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/644/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/644/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Mechanistic and structural investigation of Li<sub>x</sub>MnO<sub>
 2</sub> cathodes during cycling in Li-ion batteries
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T010500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141121T012500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-643@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Wesley Dose (University of Newcastle)\nIncreasingly 
 there is demand for clean energy sources and suitable batteries to store t
 his energy. Manganese dioxide and lithiated variants are a promising alter
 native to conventional Li-ion cathodes due to their cost\, abundance\, saf
 ety and electrochemical performance. Cathodes which operate by a single-ph
 ase lithium insertion/extraction process can offer some intrinsic advantag
 es over those with two-phase processes. In this work\, in-situ and ex-situ
  synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) is used to investigate the structural
  evolution and lithium insertion/extraction mechanism of various LixMnO2 c
 athodes that have been derived from γ-MnO2. Li0.30MnO2  is found to cycle
  solely with a single-phase mechanism\, in contrast to previous literature
  reports\, with only subtle changes in the crystal structure. However\, a 
 better cycling discharge capacity is realised through a two-step lithiatio
 n synthesis\, thermally lithiated Li0.08MnO2 which is then electrochemical
 ly lithiated to Li0.33MnO2. After an irreversible two-phase reaction early
  in the first discharge\, this material cycles by a single-phase reaction 
 with good structural reversibility and a stable unoptimised cycling capaci
 ty of 120 mAh/g. Comparing cathodes using a combination of in-situ and ex-
 situ synchrotron XRD data allows us to rationalise cathodic performance wi
 th structure and thereby directing research into promising candidates.\n\n
 https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/643/
LOCATION: NCSS Seminar Room
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/643/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Applications of in situ X-ray powder diffractionto geosciences.
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-642@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Helen Brand (Australian Synchrotron.)\nThe powder di
 ffraction beamline at the Australian Synchrotron exploits the unique prope
 rties of synchrotron radiation by offering tunable wavelengths (6 keV – 
 30 keV) to minimise sample absorption\, high flux and good S/N for increas
 ed detection limits\, and high resolution to minimise peak overlap. The X-
 ray powder diffraction beamline produces bright\, high collimated X-ray be
 ams that\, when combined with the state-of-the-art Mythen II microstrip de
 tector\, are ideal for time-resolved X-ray powder diffraction experiments 
 requiring high resolution data collection.  The beamline possesses a vast 
 arsenal of sample stages and environments that enable a multitude of in si
 tu experiments where temperature\, pressure or gaseous environment\, to na
 me a few\, can be varied to observe structure change and/or formation in p
 olycrystalline materials.  Since beginning user operations in 2008\, over 
 300 user experiments have been performed at the powder diffraction beamlin
 e.\n\nThis work demonstrates the capabilities offered by the beamline\, pa
 rticularly for earth sciences and energy applications\, highlighting a ran
 ge of unique in situ experiments that have not only produced successful sc
 ientific outcomes\, but have pushed the boundaries in many cases.  The opt
 ions for future developments at the powder diffraction beamline are also d
 iscussed and will enable the beamline to build on its strong in situ found
 ations to offer more power and flexibility for its users.\n\nhttps://event
 s01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/642/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/642/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Competition in phase formation during crystallisation of Al-Ni-Y m
 etallic glasses
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T011000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T013000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-641@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Mark Styles (CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship)\nMetallic
  glasses have attracted substantial attention in recent years due to their
  favourable combinations of high strength and corrosion resistance relativ
 e to conventional crystalline alloys. These properties make glassy metals 
 appealing for applications such as surgical tools\, electronics and sporti
 ng goods. However\, glassy metals are metastable and crystallisation occur
 s when they are subjected to elevated temperatures or sustained deformatio
 n. While crystallisation is often considered detrimental to the properties
 \, in some cases\, controlled crystallisation can produce novel microstruc
 tures with unusual and desirable combinations of properties. The effect of
  crystallisation depends on which phases form\, and the order of their app
 earance.\n\nOf the Al-based metallic glasses\, the ternary Al-Ni-Y system 
 is among the most well studied. However\, the sequence of phases that form
  during crystallisation remains unclear. In this investigation the crystal
 lisation pathways in four Al-Ni-Y alloys with Ni concentrations ranging fr
 om 9 to 15 at.% have been studied in detail by in situ synchrotron powder 
 diffraction. These experiments reveal that at low Ni concentrations crysta
 llisation occurs via a two stage process\, with &alpha-Al forming as the f
 irst decomposition product\, while at high concentrations crystallisation 
 occurs via a three stage process\, with the metastable Al9Ni2 phase formin
 g first. The level of detail afforded by this approach allows us to better
  understand the competition in phase formation during crystallisation of m
 etallic glasses and to use this information in the design of thermal treat
 ments and compositions to optimize their potential usefulness.\n\nhttps://
 events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/641/
LOCATION: Conference Room AS
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/641/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Infrared spectroscopic studies of amorphous ice nanoparticles
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-640@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Mahmut Ruzi (Latrobe University)\nIce plays an impor
 tant role in the atmosphere of earth and the interstellar medium through i
 nteraction with radiation and hosting chemical reactions.  Ice aerosols in
  the troposphere scatter and absorb radiation from sun and thus have subst
 antial influence on the temperature of earth.  Understanding ice’s behav
 iour is believed to be essential for predicting the future of earth.  \n  
   Due to its suitability for remote sensing Infrared Spectroscopy can be u
 sed to probe the physics and chemistry of aerosols in astrophysical and at
 mospheric context. This has been demonstrated by the data collected using 
 satellite instruments\, especially in the Far-IR region. Accurate laborato
 ry measurements are needed in order to interpret these data.  \n    In thi
 s study\, the spectrum of amorphous ice nanoparticles of submicron size in
  the 10 – 4000 cm-1 spectral range is investigated utilising the Infrare
 d Spectrometer at the Australian Synchrotron.  The optimum condition to ge
 nerate amorphous ice nanoparticles will be presented followed by discussio
 ns of change of spectral features with respect to phase\, size and tempera
 ture.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/640/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/640/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Characterization of nanoscale precipitates in a new 2GPa strength 
 steel using small angle x-ray scattering
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T000000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T003000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-639@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Christopher Hutchinson (Monash University)\nSteels a
 re used extensively in the manufacture of automobiles. They may not sound 
 like advanced materials to those not involved in their development – aft
 er all they have been available for centuries. However\, if we consider a 
 typical modern automobile\, none of the steels found in the structure exis
 ted 10 years ago. These are engineering alloys that are being intensively 
 developed and improved\, and more so than any other alloy class.\nThis pre
 sentation discusses a new class of steel with strengths approaching 2GPa t
 hat was developed for applications in the automotive industry. The alloy d
 esign process included the coupling of computational thermodynamics with a
  Genetic Algorithm for compositional optimization. The dominant contributi
 on to these high strengths is a nanoscale distribution of particles within
  the material and a quantitative understanding of their size\, shape and v
 olume fraction is a key requirement for rationalizing the observed propert
 ies.\nThe particle distribution was characterized at the Australian Synchr
 otron using small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) in both ex-situ samples an
 d during in-situ thermal treatments to monitor the earliest stages of part
 icle nucleation and growth. Combined with 3D measurements of particle comp
 ositions using atom probe tomography (APT)\, it was possible to extract bu
 lk quantitative measures of the particle volume fractions and hence calcul
 ate representative number densities of particles. These nanoscale particle
 s have number densities comparable to the highest densities so far observe
 d in engineering alloys. The information gained from these SAXS and APT ex
 periments helps to verify and improve the computational alloy design proce
 ss.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/639/
LOCATION: Conference Room AS
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/639/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Scanning photoelectron microscopic (SPEM) examination of sulfur ev
 olution on acid leached chalcopyrite with and without added pyrite or solu
 ble iron
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-638@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: YUBIAO LI (University of South Australia)\nChalcopyr
 ite (CuFeS2) is the most abundant copper-bearing mineral. The dissolution 
 of chalcopyrite in mine waste environments is considered to contribute to 
 the serious environmental issue of acid and metalliferous drainage (AMD) t
 hrough release of toxic aqueous copper\, particularly in the presence of m
 icrobes\, dissolved O2\, aqueous Fe3+ and pyrite\, with the latter two bei
 ng associated with enhanced chalcopyrite dissolution rates. However\, to d
 ate few studies have attempted to show the spatial distribution of the sur
 face species formed as well as their evolution as means to better understa
 nd the dissolution mechanisms. High resolution\, both in terms of energy a
 nd spatially\, scanning photoelectron microscopy (SPEM)\, has been applied
  to the evolution of sulfur species on chalcopyrite surfaces leached in pH
  1.0 HClO4 solution at 650 mV (SHE) and 75 °C for 5 - 10 days\, in the ab
 sence and presence of pyrite or with added aqueous iron. Bulk S2-\, S22- a
 nd Sn2- were found to be present on all samples and oxidation was observed
  to take place heterogeneously at the sub-micron scale. As compared to cha
 lcopyrite leached for 5 days\, surface oxidation did not appear to be incr
 eased on extended dissolution to 10 days\, however surface roughness incre
 ased markedly. Both S0 and SO42-\, but no SO32-\, were observed when 4 mmo
 l soluble iron was added indicating greater oxidation occurred with greate
 r Fe3+ activity. The greatest surface oxidation was observed when chalcopy
 rite was in contact with pyrite due to formation of a galvanic couple\, wi
 th S0\, SO32- and SO42- being identified.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.
 org.au/event/3/contributions/638/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/638/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Stimuli Responsive Phospholipid-based Nanomaterials for On-demand 
 Drug Delivery
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T222000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T223000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-637@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Joanne Du (Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Scienc
 es)\nAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindn
 ess in the elderly\, affecting over thirty million people worldwide. The c
 urrent treatment of wet AMD requires frequent intravitreal injections whic
 h are highly invasive and expensive. Therefore\, a less invasive and long-
 lasting treatment is required. One option for achieving such an outcome is
  using self-assembled lipid-based liquid crystalline (LC) systems\, which 
 can encapsulate compounds with varying physicochemical properties and allo
 w delivery of drug to the target site [1]. Drug release from lipid based L
 C matrices is highly dependent on the nanostructure[2] and has been manipu
 lated to release drug ‘on demand’ in response to a stimulus\, in this 
 case\, near-infrared (NIR) light [3]. Such system has potential use in red
 ucing the frequency of injections for short acting or rapidly cleared drug
 s. Furthermore\, the LC nanoparticles can be coated with polyethylene glyc
 ol (PEG) for alternative route of administration using the enhanced permea
 bility and retention effect. PEGylation of nanoparticles would prevent non
 -specific removal from the circulatory system\, passively targeting tumour
  tissues and sites of inflammation\, where drug release can then be activa
 ted. Thereby\, increasing its efficacy as well as reducing the potential f
 or adverse effects. This project is about understanding the phase behaviou
 r of phospholipid systems upon incorporation of PEG-lipids and light-sensi
 tive gold nanoparticles using small angle X-ray scattering to design a ste
 alth and stimuli-responsive LC system suitable for on-demand drug delivery
  to improve current treatment of AMD.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.
 au/event/3/contributions/637/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/637/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Pressure-induced coordination change of Ge<sup>4+</sup> and Ga<sup
 >3+</sup> in silicate melts
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T223000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T224000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-636@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Eleanor Mare (Australian National University)\nIn ge
 ochemical systems\, the relative stability of a given element in one phase
  or another is known as its partitioning behaviour\, and many models of Ea
 rth processes are based on the changes in partitioning with pressure (and/
 or other intensive variables). Since higher pressures favour smaller volum
 es\, changes in partitioning with pressure can be predicted if the pressur
 e-dependence of the volume of each phase in the system is known. Volumes o
 f mineral phases can be measured at high pressure\, but partial molar volu
 mes of melt components can only be measured at 1 atm. The partial molar vo
 lume of a melt component may change with pressure because of the mechanism
 s of melt compression\, such as coordination changes. Si4+ and Al3+\, majo
 r cations in natural melts\, are tetrahedrally coordinated by oxygen at am
 bient pressure but convert to octahedral coordination at higher pressure. 
 Similar coordination changes may occur for trace cations\, yet few have be
 en studied. In this work\, x-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) sp
 ectroscopy was used to show a partial coordination change beginning at ~3-
 4 GPa for trace Ge4+ and Ga3+ in synthetic silicate glasses\, quenched fro
 m high-pressure melts. Such coordination changes will affect the partition
 ing behaviour of Ge and Ga between silicate melt and other minerals\, and 
 thus have implications for geochemical models such as the depth of formati
 on of erupted magmas and the formation of the Earth’s core.\n\nhttps://e
 vents01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/636/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/636/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Materials Characterisation and X-ray Free Electron Laser Science a
 t the Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T005000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T011000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-635@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Brian Abbey (La Trobe University)\nWith the recent a
 vailability of X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFELs) and the prospect of Diff
 raction Limited Storage Rings (DLSRs) just around the corner\, the number 
 of major new scientific breakthroughs in the area of coherent X-rays scien
 ce is likely to rise sharply over the next few years. The past twelve mont
 hs has already seen significant progress in the field including 3D imaging
  of intra-grain deformation in polycrystals\, the study of hysteretic beha
 vior in solid solution and two-phase reactions within nanoparticles and th
 e development of fly-scanning coherent diffractive imaging combined with f
 luorescence mapping. \n    \nOver the last 8 years our group has contribut
 ed to experimental and theoretical developments within the field of Cohere
 nt Diffractive Imaging (CDI) which are now finding a number of key applica
 tions. In particular our work in the areas of partial coherence and diffra
 ctive imaging using curved beams have emerged as being two particularly im
 portant contributions to the field. Here we present some of our recent wor
 k in developing CDI for the mapping of deformation within nanocrystals\, c
 haracterising Medium Range Order (MRO) and in exploring the limits of part
 ial coherence in diffractive imaging. As part of the newly funded ARC Cent
 re of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging we plan to apply these met
 hods to key problems in biology both at the synchrotron and XFEL. We will 
 also briefly discuss the implications for CDI of the new DLSR upgrades pot
 entially taking place at the ESRF\, Spring-8 and APS within the next 5-10 
 years.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/635/
LOCATION: Conference Room AS
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/635/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Soft X-ray Imaging by Coherent Diffraction Methods at the Australi
 an Synchrotron
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-634@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Grant van Riessen (La Trobe University)\nCoherent di
 ffractive imaging is a high-resolution method capable of providing phase\,
  chemical and magnetic sensitivity over a large field-of-view[1]. Because 
 iterative algorithms are substituted for image-forming lenses\, the techni
 que is not limited by the difficulty of manufacturing X-ray optics. It has
  been widely adopted by the international synchrotron community and is qui
 ckly becoming a routine imaging and tomography technique across a wide fie
 ld of applications.\n\nA flexible soft X-ray imaging facility was implemen
 ted at the Australian Synchrotron early in 2013 on a dedicated branch of t
 he Soft X-ray Spectroscopy beamline[2]. In the first full year of operatio
 n\, the Soft X-ray Imaging (SXRI) branchline has been used for a wide rang
 e of studies\, including imaging fully hydrated\, unstained mammalian cell
 s\, in situ spectrochemical imaging during electrochemical deposition\, an
 d for imaging the domain structure of magnetic thin-films. It has also bee
 n used to develop methods of ptychography and holography using partially s
 patially coherent and partially temporally coherent (polychromatic) illumi
 nation.\n\nThis talk will first briefly describe the imaging techniques su
 pported at SXRI and the history of their development. Examples of research
  at SXRI will then be described to illustrate the wide potential for the d
 evelopment and application of these techniques.\n\n1. NW Phillips\, \,CT P
 utkunz\, G van Riessen\, HD Coughlan\, MWM Jones\, B Abbey\, International
  Journal of Materials Research\, 105\, 655-663 (2014)\n\n2. G van Riessen\
 , M Junker\, NW Phillips\, AG Peele. Proc. SPIE 8851\, 885117 (2013).\n\nh
 ttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/634/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/634/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:New laser applications on the THz/FarIR beamline at the Australian
  Synchrotron
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-633@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Dominique Appadoo (The Australian Synchrotron)\nCurr
 ently\, lasers are being introduced to the THz/FarIR beamline at the Austr
 alian Synchrotron.  This will allow some new techniques such as steady sta
 te pump probe\, photolysis and pyrolysis experiments to be undertaken at t
 he beamline.  We currently have a high powered cw CO2 laser and a pulsed Y
 AG laser.\nAt the THz beamline\, an Enclosive Flow Cooling (EFC) cell is a
 vailable for use.  The EFC cell is a White type cell with a nominal optica
 l path length of 625mm\; it can be cooled either with liquid helium or liq
 uid nitrogen\, or can be operated up to 400K with a temperature stability 
 of ±1K per day. It is usually operated under vacuum (~10-3 mbar) but can 
 be pressurized up to 2000 mbar. Cooling not only simplifies complex molecu
 lar spectra but also enables the generation of molecular clusters.\nThe ca
 pabilities of the cooling cell will be further developed by adding multipl
 e laser sources\, thereby allowing a host of sunlight driven reactions to 
 be studied and providing a source of radicals such as OH or halogens.  \nF
 or species with half lives of the order of fractions of a second or more\,
  thermal or photolytic breakdown of a gas stream containing specifically d
 esigned recursor molecules has been successful in previous experiments.  \
 nSunlight driven reactions are incredibly important for atmospheric studie
 s. An example of this is so that we can understand processes relevant to o
 zone formation and depletion and investigate various aerosols that contrib
 ute to this.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/
 633/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/633/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Applications of Synchrotron Light in Inkjet Technology
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T003000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T005000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-632@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Derek Pert (Memjet Australia)\nMemjet is a privately
  held technology company that develops printheads and associated technolog
 y for high-speed\, low cost digital colour printing.  The Memjet Waterfall
  Printhead Technology comprises a page width printhead made up of 70\,400 
 nozzles\, which can continuously fire up to 700 million drops per second. 
  A typical A4 page can be printed in one pass\, without scanning back and 
 forth\, in 1.6 seconds at 1600 x 800 dpi.\n\nThe nozzle size and density o
 n a Memjet printhead creates special requirements for contamination contro
 l and maintenance design.  Each nozzle is 31.7 um across and contamination
  in such small nozzles or\, indeed\, the ink fluidic channels\, will show 
 up as fine streaks on paper when ink flow to nozzles is blocked.  This can
  become a more serious problem if a number of closely spaced nozzles are s
 tarved of ink.\n\nDue to the size and location of contaminants in nozzles 
 and fluidic channels it can be a challenge to identify them by routine FTI
 R.  This was true for one particular field problem where identification of
  contaminants blocking nozzles was required.  However\, the high brillianc
 e and spatial resolution of synchrotron IR light enabled identification of
  printhead contaminants.  This led to a rapid customer response and a reth
 ink in maintenance operation.\n\nMoreover\, FTIR analysis of the silicon o
 xide roof layer of printheads showed differences in the nature of the laye
 r across the printhead.  Indeed\, some of these differences correlated wit
 h print quality degradation.  Follow up work on the WAXS beamline to compr
 ehend the layer structure in more detail found a predictor peak that chang
 ed significantly in intensity between good and bad print quality regions. 
  The position of the peak at 2.57 A-1 suggested it came from a crystallogr
 aphic form of silicon oxide - possibly alpha quartz.\n\nThe FTIR and WAXS 
 investigation clearly showed there were differences in surface chemistries
  across printheads.  This information and other supporting data helped imp
 rove our understanding of the wetting behaviour across printheads and the 
 impact on print quality.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/co
 ntributions/632/
LOCATION: NCSS Seminar Room
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/632/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Investigations into the environmental transformations of silver na
 noparticles
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T220000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T221000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-631@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Ryo Sekine (University of South Australia)\nSilver n
 anoparticles (Ag-NPs) constitute a major group of engineered nanomaterials
  increasingly found in consumer products. These products exploit the uniqu
 e properties of Ag-NPs such as their antibacterial effects\, special optic
 al properties\, and high specific surface area and reactivity.  However\, 
 there are significant concerns regarding the potential for Ag-NPs to pose 
 equally unique risks upon their release to the environment.  For example\,
  Ag-NPs may have direct ecotoxicological effects\, and they may also relea
 se ionic Ag\, which is highly toxic to a range of organisms. As AgNP toxic
 ity\, dissolution\, and speciation are likely to change in response to the
  surrounding environmental conditions\, understanding the transformations 
 of Ag-NPs in major release pathways and environmental endpoints is critica
 l to assessing their potential risks.  \nTo this end\, we have developed a
  series of nano in situ deployment devices (nIDDs) and used them to invest
 igate the transformations of Ag-NPs in a range of environments. Following 
 in situ deployment\, during which the Ag-NPs on the nIDDs were directly ex
 posed to relevant environments\, the devices were retrieved and X-ray Abso
 rption Spectroscopy (XAS) was used to determine the speciation of the expo
 sed Ag-NPs.  This revealed that Ag sulfide NPs are major transformation pr
 oducts forming from Ag-NPs in a wide range of environments. Subsequent XAS
 -based research showed that Ag sulfide is a stable\, long term species of 
 Ag reaching major environmental endpoints such as soil\, which mitigates t
 he potential ecological risks posed by the environmental release of Ag-NPs
 .\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/631/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/631/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Correlative hydrated cellular imaging using Coherent Diffraction I
 maging at the Australian Synchrotron
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-630@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Michael Jones (Australian Synchrotron\; ARC Centre o
 f Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging)\nX-ray coherent diffractive i
 maging provides high resolution\, high sensitivity images of intact cellul
 ar specimens without the need for sectioning\, staining\, or tagging. Rece
 nt advances in this field allow high resolution imaged to be obtained with
  a fraction of the dose than otherwise possible while increasing image qua
 lity. Further advances have pushed the technique into the X-ray water-wind
 ow\, opening up the possibility to image intact cellular specimens in thei
 r native hydrated environment.\n\nHere we present recent results of hydrat
 ed cellular coherent diffractive imaging\, showing an unprecedented level 
 of image quality and detail. We also outline details of the sample prepara
 tion and mounting methods for correlative imaging\, together with opportun
 ities for future development.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event
 /3/contributions/630/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/630/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Experimental Recovery of Sample And Coherence Information in Coher
 ent Diffractive Imaging
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T063000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-629@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Giang Tran (La Trobe University)\nCoherent diffracti
 ve imaging (CDI) is a powerful method for recovering the transmission func
 tion of an object from its far-field diffraction pattern using iterative a
 lgorithms [1]. Recently\, it has been shown that CDI works with partially 
 coherent beam [2]. Methods have been developed for dealing with CDI data f
 or which the coherence properties of the illumination are unkown [3]. In t
 his work\, we develop a method to simultaneously recover the object’s ph
 ase and characterise the coherence properties of the illuminating wavefiel
 d without any a priori knowledge. The validity of our method is demonstrat
 ed using experimental diffraction data from the Soft X-ray Imaging beamlin
 e.\n\nReferences\n[1] J. R. Fienup\, “Phase retrieval algorithms: a comp
 arison\,” Appl. Opt. 21(15)\, 2758–2769 (1982).\n[2] L. W. Whitehead\,
  G. J. Williams\, H. M. Quiney\, D. J. Vine\, R. A. Dilanian\, S. Flewett\
 , K. A. Nugent\, A. G. Peele\, E. Balaur\, and I. McNulty\, “Diffractive
  Imaging Using Partially Coherent X Rays”\, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103\, 24390
 2 (2009).\n[3] Pierre Thibault\, Andreas Menzel\, “ Reconstructing state
  mixtures from diffraction measurements”\, Nature\, Vol 494\, 68-71\, 07
  February 2013.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributio
 ns/629/
LOCATION: NCSS Exhibition Area
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/629/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Correlative single cell Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy an
 d super-resolution fluorescence microscopy reveals the effects of fixation
  on the biochemistry of mammalian cells.
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T030000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20141120T032000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260519T102735Z
UID:indico-contribution-3-628@events01.synchrotron.org.au
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Donna Whelan (Monash University)\nSynchrotron Fourie
 r transform infrared (SFTIR) spectroscopy provides the best available sign
 al-to-noise which allows for fast\, sensitive detection of the holistic bi
 ochemistry of single live cells. Recently developed super-resolution fluor
 escence microscopy (SRFM) techniques based on single molecule emissions ca
 n yield an order of magnitude improvement in spatial resolution in the ima
 ging of specifically targeted cellular structures. For the first time we h
 ave paired these two techniques to investigate the effects of various fixa
 tion parameters on the FTIR spectrum\, the rendered super-resolution image
 \, and the underlying biochemistry. To achieve this SFTIR spectra of singl
 e live COS7 cells were obtained\; the cells were then fixed and a second s
 pectrum of each hydrated correlated cell acquired. Finally\, the cells wer
 e immunostained and the microtubule architecture visualized using direct s
 tochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) with spatial resoluti
 ons of 20-30 nm achieved. The resulting FTIR spectra demonstrated that man
 y of the spectral changes previously associated with cell fixation effects
  were due to dehydration\, morphological variation and loss of cell consti
 tuents through washing. Key spectral changes that could be directly linked
  to the fixation parameters included changes in lipid content and ordering
 \, DNA conformation\, and glycogen and cytosolic protein concentration. Im
 portantly\, while FTIR spectroscopy was found to detect various subtle cha
 nges in the underlying biochemistry that SRFM could not\, subdiffraction d
 amage to the cell cytoskeleton could only be detected using SRFM. Not only
  does this work demonstrate the exquisite sensitivity of both techniques b
 ut also the future potential for correlative SFTIR/SRFM.\n\nhttps://events
 01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/628/
LOCATION: Oliphant Auditorium
URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/3/contributions/628/
END:VEVENT
END:VCALENDAR