BEGIN:VCALENDAR VERSION:2.0 PRODID:-//CERN//INDICO//EN BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Completing the library of amino-acid neutron structures DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T080000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T080100Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4350@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Garry McIntyre (Australian Nuclear Science and Techn ology Organisation)\nAccurate neutron structures of the 20 naturally occur ring amino acids that are the building blocks of proteins are key to inves tigations of polymorphism\, condensed-phase NMR analysis\, periodic densit y-functional-theory calculations\, as restraints in X-ray protein refineme nts\, and as initial structures in the computer modelling of proteins. Th e first 16 members of the family were determined in the 1970s by groups at Brookhaven National Laboratory and the Indian Atomic Energy Laboratory\, but the last four proved to be elusive due to the lack of single crystals large enough for the monochromatic neutron diffractometers of the time. S tate-of-the-art reactor-based neutron Laue diffractometers\, such as Koala on OPAL\, allow high-precision structural investigations of single crysta ls with volumes around 0.1 mm3. This opens the door to completing the libr ary of high-precision amino-acid neutron structures.\n\nHere we describe v ariable-temperature studies of three naturally-occurring amino acids using Koala\, L-leucine [1] which is one of the four missing members and the tw o polymorphs of L-histidine. The data on the orthorhombic form of L-histi dine greatly improve on the precision of a previous monochromatic neutron study. The second\, monoclinic\, form has been studied with neutrons for the first time [2]. Both studies were complemented by interaction-energy calculations using the Pixel method\, and\, for L-histidine\, Hirshfeld At om Refinement against X-ray data at the same temperatures. The resulting n eutron structures yield geometric parameters with sufficient precision and accuracy for inclusion in restraint libraries of macromolecular structure refinements.\n\nThe search continues for neutron-quality crystals of L-is oleucine\, L-methionine and L-tryptophan.\n\n[1] J. Binns et al. Acta Crys t. B72 (2016) 885.\n[2] G. Novelli et al. Acta Cryst B. In press.\n\nhttps ://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4350/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4350/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:High crystallinity nitrogen doping of ALaTiO4 and A2La2Ti3O10 (A = Na¬+\, K+) photocatalysts DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T075900Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T080000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4384@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Junwei Junwei Li (The University of Sydney)\nGlobal warming is a current hot topic due to its potential for irreversible envir onmental damage. Ambitions were made within the Paris agreement to limit t he temperature rise to be below 1.5 ºC pre-industrial level. Therefore\, alternative fuel sources are needed to replace fossil fuel\, with hydrogen gas is one popular choice due to its high energy density per unit weight\ , and technologies utilising hydrogen already developed. Hydrogen can be g enerated renewably by sunlight driven\, photocatalytic water-splitting. Me tal oxides\, including those with a Ruddlesden-Popper type structures are being studied as potential photocatalysts. KLaTiO4 is a n=1 Ruddlesden-Pop per type layered perovskite. KLaTiO4 can be used as a Hydrogen Evolution C atalyst (HEC)\, producing 9.540 μmol of H2 gas per hour from 20 mg of cat alyst\, when using methanol as sacrificial electron donor and platinum co- catalyst. The main issue of KLaTiO4 is its high bandgap (4.09 eV) meant it is incapable of absorbing visible light.\nThe two main factors important for the synthesis of ALaTiO4 and A2La2Ti3O10 (A = Na¬+\, K+) was discusse d: volatility of alkaline metal ions at elevated temperatures and sinterin g temperature. Multiple samples of NaLaTiO4 or Na2La2Ti3O10 were made usin g traditional solid-state synthesis methods at temperature between 750 °C to 950 °C. Bandgap was tuned by doping nitrogen into the structure of AL aTiO4 during the synthesis process\, as opposed to replacing oxygen atoms with nitrogen by post treatment of ALaTiO4. This was achieved by replacing a portion of TiO2 reagent used for TiN\, and the sample was synthesised a s normal. The resultant ALaTiO4-xNx¬ sample retained good crystallinity a nd have reduced bandgap\, but at a cost of reduction in hydrogen evolution rate.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4384 / LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4384/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:KOALA 2: making a good instrument better! DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T075800Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T075900Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4375@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Alison Edwards (ACNS\, ANSTO)\, Ross Piltz (ACNS\, A NSTO)\nAt the time that the KOALA Laue single-crystal neutron diffractomet er came into service at ANSTO\, a review of VIVALDI\, the progenitor instr ument at the ILL led to its deletion from their User program. Against thi s background\, we were seeing a dearth of single-crystal neutron studies p ublished in the literature. To our joy\, in usage\, we found the instrum ent to be readily applicable to the problems which our future users had id entified in the planning workshops for the first suite of neutron beam ins truments at ANSTO. A User base has been built which has resulted in a ste ady flow of rapidly cited publications across a wide range of journals - f ocussed on reaching the optimum scientific audience.\nKOALA is a copy of t he ILL instrument VIVALDI purchased from the same vendor\, and outside the standardisation of construction which has underpinned the reliability of the ANSTO neutron beam instrument suite. At ten years use\, spare parts b ecame a significant issue\, and a review of the control systems revealed that the cost of refitting the existing instrument approached the cost of building a replacement instrument. The decision to build KOALA2 has provi ded opportunities to optimise the initial design with significant operatio nal enhancements. COVID has meant that we were initially on track to achi eve the instrument implementation in mid 2022 (component issues now mean t his will be late 2022)\, and we will continue to operate KOALA 1 until KOA LA 2 is ready to install.\nAs time permits we will outline the range of sc ience available and the enhancements KOALA 2.0 will bring.\n\nhttps://even ts01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4375/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4375/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Current and future capabilities of the IRM beamline at the Austral ian Synchrotron\, and guidance on applying for use of the facility. DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T075700Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T075800Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4373@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Mark Tobin (ANSTO)\nInfrared (IR) spectroscopy provi des information on the chemical composition of materials\, based on the ab sorption of infrared light by the vibrating bonds within molecular groups. IR microspectroscopy\, using synchrotron light as the infrared source\, enables this analysis to be performed on samples as small as 1 – 2 $\\mu $m in size\, with a sensitivity not possible in the laboratory. ANSTO’s synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy (IRM) beamline is equipped with a suite of accessories to enable the study of a diverse range of materials. This includes a sample heating and cooling stage\, micro-compression cell s for improved IR light transmission of dense materials\, a liquid flow ce ll for the study of living organisms in a natural environment\, and grazin g angle optics for the analysis of thin film coatings on surfaces. The IR M beamline also has several attenuated total internal reflection (ATR) acc essories that have been used for the study of challenging materials such b iofilms\, carbon fibre\, leaf surfaces and battery materials\, where a thi n section of the sample can not be prepared. More recent developments on the IRM beamline include the use of polarisation optics to determine molec ular orientation in materials and operation with a far-IR detector to exte nd the spectral range to 260 cm-1. Future plans for the IRM beamline inclu de the motorisation of additional functions to assist with mail-in experim ents and\, in the longer term\, the additional of nano-IR capability to th e experimental endstation. Scientists interested in accessing the IRM beam line are encouraged to contact the IRM beamline team to discuss their rese arch proposals.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contribut ions/4373/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4373/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Do reduced aggregation and crystallinity really help to improve th e photovoltaic performance of terpolymer acceptors in all-polymer solar ce lls? DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T075600Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T075700Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4369@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Doan Vu (Monash University)\nTerpolymerization is a widely used method to control crystallinity of the semiconducting polymers which has been exploited to improve the photovoltaic performance of all-p olymer solar cells (all-PSCs). Applying this strategy to the well-studied n-type polymer acceptor PNDI2OD-T2\, different amounts of 3-n-octylthiophe ne (OT) are used to partially replace the bithiophene (T2) unit\, resultin g in three newly-synthesized terpolymer acceptors PNDI-OTx where x = 5%\, 10%\, or 15%. Another copolymer\, namely PNDI2OD-C8T2\, consisting of naph thalene diimide (NDI) copolymerised with 3-n-octylbithiophene (C8T2) is al so synthesized for comparison. The experimental X-ray characterizations su ggest that the molecular orientation of π-conjugated backbone in PNDI-OTx is slightly impacted and thin film crystallinity is systematically tuned by varying x\, evidenced by near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEX AFS) and grazing incidence wide angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) measuremen ts\, respectively. However\, the photovoltaic performance of all-PSCs base d on J71:PNDI-OTx and J71:PNDI2OD-C8T2 blends are much lower than that of the reference J71:PNDI2OD-T2 system. Extensive morphological studies sugge st that reduced crystallinity is likely to have a little influence on vert ical phase separation and crystallinity of resulting blends as revealed by peak fits from NEXAFS and GIWAXS experiments. However\, the reduced cryst allinity is detrimental for morphology of the blend films\, with coarser p hase separation found in J71:PNDI-OTx and J71:PNDI2OD-C8T2 blends compared to J71:PNDI2OD-T2 blends\, confirmed by resonant soft X-ray scattering. T he results here challenge the common view that reduced crystallinity is th e key parameter in controlling the morphology for enabling high-performing all-PSCs.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/ 4369/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4369/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:A high-temperature furnace for MEX DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T075500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T075600Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4188@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Emily Finch (Australian Synchrotron)\nThe Medium Ene rgy X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (MEX) Beamline at the Australian Synchro tron is currently being commissioned and is due to start running user expe riments in the second half of 2022. \nThe facility will provide a series o f specialised sample environments for users to conduct in situ measurement s of important scientific processes. One of these sample environments will be a high-temperature furnace\, which will provide users with world-class experimental conditions and bring MEX in line with the capabilities of ot her synchrotron facilities. \nBased on the requirements specified by users in a 2020 survey of the Australian Synchrotron user community\, the furna ce will be designed to heat samples to ̴ 500 – 1500 °C\, and will be compatible with a range of gases\, including He\, N2\, CO2\, O2\, CO\, and Ar.\nThe high-temperature\, controlled-atmosphere experimental conditions that such a furnace will provide are useful in Earth science for examinin g processes occurring in silicate melts\, emulating conditions in the Eart h’s crust. Some of the processes occurring at crustal conditions can onl y be observed in situ\, rather than in the quenched products of experiment s. \nThe furnace will also be useful in materials science and chemistry fo r examining the behaviour of metals at high temperatures in a controlled a tmosphere.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/ 4188/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4188/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Stability and Applications of Model Membranes DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T075400Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T075500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4184@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Alex Ashenden (Flinders University)\nBiological cell membranes are a critical component of all living organisms. The cell memb rane is a semi-permeable lipid bilayer controlling movement of ions and ot her molecules from one of the cell side to the other\, and is primarily ma de up of amphiphilic lipid molecules.\n \nOur research group has previousl y developed a model system whereby a lipid bilayer is tethered to a solid supporting structure. The resulting tethered-bilayer lipid membranes (tBLM s) are highly stable in aqueous solution and the tethering region provides a reservoir under the bilayer to allow protein incorporation and minimise bilayer/substrate interactions. In the presence of an aqueous solution tB LMs have been shown to be stable for periods as long as multiple weeks wit h only minor degradation.\n\nThis project is focused on understanding the effects that drying a model membrane out can have on its structure. This w ork is important for better understanding the water retention properties o f tBLMs in order to determine their suitability for use in biosensing\, wh ere they may not be able to be completely submerged in solution\, and whet her additional protective coatings may be necessary to improve retention. Similar work has already been performed on other model systems such as bla ck lipid membranes\, but only tentatively in the field of tBLMs. \n\nElect rochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has been used to model changes in membrane structure through the rehydration process as well as the resultin g functionality\, with neutron reflectometry approved to be performed in f uture to determine more layer-specific effects.\n\nhttps://events01.synchr otron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4184/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4184/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Medium Energy Spectroscopy (MEX) – The spectroMEX High Resolutio n Crystal Spectrometer DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T075300Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T075400Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4371@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jeremy Wykes (Australian Synchrotron)\nThe MEX1 beam line high resolution crystal spectrometer\, spectroMEX\, comprises a Johan n-type point-to-point focusing geometry crystal spectrometer employing fiv e spherically bent crystals on a 0.5 m diameter Rowland circle. The primar y application of spectroMEX is high energy resolution fluorescence-detecte d (HERFD) XANES\, wherein fluorescence XANES is collected with an energy r esolution of the order of the core-hole lifetime broadening. HERFD XANES s pectra contain additional spectral information when compared to convention al fluorescence or transmission XANES. spectroMEX also facilitates collect ion of high quality x-ray emission spectroscopy data\, including the weak\ , but chemically sensitive valence-to-core emission lines (vtc-XES). This talk will describe the spectroMEX spectrometer design\, progress to date\, and present examples of the new spectroscopic techniques available to syn chrotron users employing spectroMEX at the MEX1 beamline.\n\nhttps://event s01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4371/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4371/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Investigation of Residual Stress and Mechanical Properties of Stee lwork After Laser Cleaning DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T075200Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T075300Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4387@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Yutaka Tsumura (Sydney University)\nSurface preparat ion of steelwork for structural repainting is often conducted by sandblast ing method in which abrasives (sands) are blasted onto the painted surface at high speed\, removing the old paint and rust/dirt by the impact of the blast. This conventional method would cause irreversible damage to the un derlying substrate\, deteriorating its mechanical and fatigue performance. Laser cleaning has attracted attention as an alternative to conventional cleaning methods as an environmentally friendly and economical technology that removes paint and corrosion efficiently while inducing minimal damage to the surface of the material. \nThis research investigates the mechanic al properties and residual stresses of the laser cleaned steel samples fro m the Sydney Harbour Bridge. Laser cleaning using nanosecond laser was per formed on the structural steel plates removed from the Sydney Harbour Brid ge. The plates were then tested at the Australian Nuclear Science and Tech nology Organisation (ANSTO) for residual stress measurement and the Univer sity of Sydney for the microstructure characterisation and microhardness t esting. \nResults of the residual stress measurements indicated that the r esidual stress profile changes at the surface after cleaning. This study e nhances the understanding of changes in residual stress and mechanical pro perties at the surface of a steel subjected to laser cleaning.\n\nhttps:// events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4387/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4387/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:The Nanoprobe beamline at the Australian Synchrotron: towards day #1\, July 2024 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T075100Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T075200Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4372@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Martin de Jonge (ANSTO)\nA hard x-ray Nanoprobe beam line is under construction at the Australian Synchrotron\, aiming to accep t first users for operation in July\, 2024. In this presentation we will outline the science case for the Nanoprobe along with the anticipated perf ormance parameters and show examples of measurements that will be enabled by the facility. In particular\, core methods supported by the Nanoprobe include: trace elemental mapping and spectroscopy at the 60-300 nm length- scale using x-ray fluorescence\; absorption\, differential phase contrast and ptychography using x-ray transmission\, and\; SAXS/WAXS and micro-diff raction. \n \nA number of substantial challenges must be overcome in orde r to reach the ultimate resolution\, and these will be described along wit h the optical and operational design of the beamline. Cryogenic capabilit ies may present too great a challenge for the first-generation implementat ion but are keenly desired and firmly on the instrument development curve. The Nanoprobe endstation instrument will be located within a purpose-bui lt satellite building at around 100 m from the source location. Although still deep in design phase\, we will outline the building design and welco me comment from future potential users of the beamline particularly with r egards to the instrument capabilities and the experimental support that is required from the ancillary services within the building and the larger A ustralian Synchrotron facility.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/eve nt/146/contributions/4372/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4372/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Effects of Mn and Co Ion Implantation on Pseudocapacitive Performa nce of Ceria-Nanostructures on Ni-Foam DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T075000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T075100Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4368@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Ewing Y. Chen (UNSW)\nMetal oxides have shown incred ible potential as electrode materials for pseudocapacitive applications du e to their high capacitance\, good conductivity\, electrochemical reversib ility\, and long cyclability. Through the engineering and manipulation of defect types and their concentrations\, it is possible to enhance the kin etics of charge transfer and charge-discharge process to optimize redox an d intercalation capacitances. Ion implantation is an advanced technique t o uniformly introduce a desired concentration of dopants into nanostructur es. The present work explores the pseudocapacitive performance of nanostr uctured cerium oxide (ceria\, CeO2-x) films on nickel foam electrodes (syn thesized using electrodeposition)\, followed by implantation individually with Mn and Co ions. The implanted samples were annealed in nitrogen atmo sphere to promote the diffusion and incorporation of implanted dopants in the ceria lattice and to modify the nanostructural features. The films we re characterised using SEM\, EDS\, Raman spectroscopy\, and XPS analyses t o determine the role of the mineralogy\, composition\, surface chemistry\, and nanostructure on the performance. The pseudocapacitive performance w as determined using cyclic voltammetry (CV)\, charge-discharge\, electroch emical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)\, and stability tests. After prelimin ary CV testing\, the Co-implanted samples (1 x 1015 ions/cm2) annealed at 300℃ for 3 h in a nitrogen atmosphere showed an improvement in specific capacitance (495 F/g) compared to the non-implanted ceria samples (427 F/g ).\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4368/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4368/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Synthesis and characterization of K2YbF5 upconversion nanoparticle s DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T074900Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T075000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4367@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: John Arnold Ambay (University of Technology Sydney)\ nMany avenues exist for synthesizing upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs)\, such as hydrothermal\, solvothermal\, solid-state reactions\, thermal deco mposition\, amongst others. Here we compare three hydro-solvothermal synth esis processes for producing K2YbF5:Er and K2YbF5:Tm UCNPs\, each having a different order of addition of reagents. The first method (A) adds togeth er potassium hydroxide\, oleic acid\, and ethanol\; followed by the lantha nide ions\, and finally potassium fluoride. The second method (B) mixes th e lanthanide ions\, oleic acid\, and ethanol first\; followed by potassium hydroxide\, and finally potassium fluoride. The third method (C) is simil ar to the second one\, except that potassium hydroxide and potassium fluor ide are mixed together first before being introduced into the system. The resulting nanoparticles were characterized via scanning electron microscop y (SEM)\, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS)\, photoluminescence spectra (PL)\, and near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscop y on the Australian synchrotron soft-X ray beam line. SEM images reveal th at all particles are crystalline with shapes ranging from microrods to hex agonal. EDS confirmed presence of dopant ions only for particles produced via method A\, while NEXAFS spectra confirmed presence of dopant ions in a ll doped crystals\, with their expected NEXAFS structure confirming the ox idation state of the ion within the nanocrystal. Thus there is evidence of dopant ions incorporated within the crystal\; however\, more quantitative techniques must be applied to properly ascertain the doping concentration and the quantum efficiency of the upconversion processes occurring within the synthesized particles.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/1 46/contributions/4367/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4367/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Understanding and controlling the formation of photonic crystals f rom polydisperse colloidal systems DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T074800Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T074900Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4366@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Katherine Chea (RMIT University)\nThe fundamentals o f crystallisation and glass formation are not yet fully understood. Colloi dal suspensions have been shown to be promising model systems for understa nding these processes. As colloidal motion is Brownian\, rather than balli stic\, kinetics and dynamics can be studied in real-time. It is well docum ented that colloidal suspensions can “successfully crystallise” when t he particles in the system have sufficiently low polydispersity.[1\,2] Thi s means that the particles must have a similar average size and shape. If a system is highly polydisperse\, this will hinder the solidification proc ess.\n\nIn this work we will explore colloidal nanodiamonds. Nanodiamonds are a topic of interest in many material studies due to their wide variety \, and unique mechanical and optical properties.[3\,4] Detonation nanodiam onds (DNDs) are of particular interest due to their unique fabrication pro cess. Due the detonation synthesis method\, the particles are small (sever al nm) and faceted\, but in solution self-assemble into highly irregular f ractal shapes.[5] Despite this high polydispersity\, when centrifuged\, th ese types of DNDs can yield incredibly ordered structures and form iridesc ent photonic crystals – this is highly surprising given the highly irreg ular structures of these materials. These photonic crystals were first dis covered by Grichko et al.\,[5] however\, the mechanisms behind these highl y ordered structures are still unknown. With a combination of lab techniqu es and beam time allocations at the Australian Synchrotron\, ANSTO and pot entially overseas neutron facilities\, we will systematically investigate these nanodiamond photonic crystals\, and examine their structure and form ation kinetics.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contribut ions/4366/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4366/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Structural characterization of SARS-Cov-2 spike derived peptides p resented by the Human Leukocyte Antigen A*29:02. DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T074700Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T074800Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4365@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Lawton Murdolo (La Trobe University)\nThe rapid emer gence of SARS-Cov-2 out of Wuhan\, China\, in late 2019 has resulted in th e current outbreak that has crippled social and economic development world wide. With over four million deaths\, significant efforts are being made t o generate a viable treatment option. It has been well established that T lymphocytes destroy infected cells. These T cells also produce long lastin g immunity through the proliferation of memory cells which recognize futur e viral invasion.\n\nActivation of T lymphocytes is achieved through the r ecognition of Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) surface receptors on infected cells. These HLA molecules present viral peptides to T cells which are ab le to recognize and activate against these antigens. \n\nHowever\, due to the highly polymorphic nature of HLA molecules\, it remains unclear how di fferent peptides bind to the vast number of HLA molecules affect the stimu lation of the adaptive immune response. \n\nThe focus of this project is o n a singular HLA\, HLA-A*29:02\, found in approximately 3% of the world ’s population. We wish to structurally analyse various peptides presente d by HLA-A*29:02 derived from the SARS-Cov-2 spike protein and determine h ow COVID-19 variants and their mutations might different in their presenta tion to T cells. \n\nThrough the use of X-ray crystallography\, we will ga in deeper insights into how theses peptides are presented. This will furth er our understanding of how our own immune system responds to these antige ns and may also help to in designing long lasting therapies such as peptid e vaccines.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions /4365/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4365/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Novel techniques with ATR apparatus at THz frequencies DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T074600Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T074700Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4359@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Zoltan Vilagosh (Swinburne University of Technology) \nA new method is presented which extends the capabilities of attenuated t otal reflection (ATR) apparatus to a partial reflection/partial transmissi on mode\, which also delivers the complex dielectric values of samples. Th e technique involves placing a mirror at a known distance from the sample/ crystal interface to reflect the transmitted portion of the incident signa l back to the detector. The attenuation of this signal reflected is depend ent on the absorption coefficient of the sample. \nThe method is well suit ed to biological samples in the terahertz radiation frequency band range 1 .0 THz to 2.0 THz\, with a diamond crystal ATR. \nThe 2.0 THz range biolog ical data is poorly represented in literature\, since most THz data on bio logical tissues has 1.2 to 1.5 THz as the upper limit. A demonstration of the technique was performed using water and water based gel at the Austral ian Synchrotron FIR/THz beamline. \nAt frequencies of 3.0 to 5.0 THz\, a p aradoxical region was noted where the total reflectance of the signal refl ected at the initial crystal/sample interface plus the signal reflected fr om the mirror was less than the reflected at the initial crystal/sample in terface alone. The destructive interference is in the region where the eff ective path length of the transmitted signal through the sample is in the region of 1.3 λ to 1.7 λ. Significance and potential uses of this region are still being investigated.\nSince many cancers have higher water conte nt than normal tissue\, the extension of the ATR apparatus capacity promis es to establish a new diagnostic modality.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron .org.au/event/146/contributions/4359/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4359/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Quokka\, the Pinhole Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Instrument at ANSTO DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T074500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T074600Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4358@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Kathleen Wood (Australian Nuclear Science and Techno logy Organisation)\nQuokka was the first SANS instrument to be in operatio n at the Australian research reactor\, OPAL [1]. It is a 40 m pinhole inst rument operating with a neutron velocity selector\, an adjustable collimat ion system providing source-sample distances of up to 20 m and a two dimen sional 1 m squared position-sensitive state-of-the-art detector\, capable of measuring neutrons scattered from the sample over a secondary flight pa th of up to 20 m. Also offering incident beam polarization and analysis ca pability as well as lens focusing optics\, Quokka has been designed as a g eneral purpose SANS instrument with a large sample area\, capable of accom modating a variety of sample environments. Some of these sample environmen ts are\, a Rapid Heat Quench Cell enabling a sample to be studied in situ following a thermal shock (-120°C to 220°C)\; The neutron Rapid Visco An alyser (nRVA) which enables SANS to be measured simultaneously with viscos ity via an RVA – an instrument widely used within the food industry\; In -situ Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)\; A stopped flow cell\, and RheoSANS.\nIn early 2021 Quokka achieved the milestone of 200 peer-reviewe d publications in a variety of research fields. Here we cover some of the research highlights along with Quokka’s performance and operation.\n\n[1 ] K. Wood\, J. P. Mata\, C. J. Garvey\, C. M. Wu\, W. A. Hamilton\,[..]and E. P. Gilbert\, QUOKKA\, the pinhole small-angle neutron scattering instr ument at the OPAL Research Reactor\, Australia: design\, performance\, ope ration and scientific highlights\, J Appl Crystallogr\, 2018\, 51\, 294-3 14.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4358/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4358/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Kookaburra\, the ultra-small-angle neutron scattering instrument a t ANSTO: design and recent applications DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T074400Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T074500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4354@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jitendra Mata (ANSTO)\nThe double-crystal ultra-smal l-angle neutron scattering (USANS) diffractometer KOOKABURRA at ANSTO was made available for user experiments in 2014. KOOKABURRA allows the charact erisation of microstructures covering length scales in the range of 0.1– 20 µm. Use of the first- and second-order reflections coming off a doubly curved highly oriented mosaic pyrolytic graphite pre-monochromator at a f ixed Bragg angle\, in conjunction with two interchangeable pairs of Si(111 ) and Si(311) quintuple-reflection channel-cut crystals\, permits operatio n of the instrument at two individual wavelengths\, 4.74 and 2.37 Å (see more details https://www.ansto.gov.au/our-facilities/australian-centre-for -neutron-scattering/neutron-scattering-instruments/kookaburra). This uniqu e feature among reactor-based USANS instruments allows optimal accommodati on of a broad range of samples\, both weakly and strongly scattering\, in one sample setup [1\,2]. The versatility and capabilities of KOOKABURRA ha ve already resulted in a number of research papers\, including studies on hard matter systems like rocks and coal [3\,4]\, as well as soft matter sy stems like hydrogels or milk [5\,6]. This clearly demonstrates that this i nstrument has a major impact in the field of large-scale structure determi nation. Some of the recent examples will be presented here. \n\nReferences :\n[1] Rehm\, C. et al\, J. Appl. Cryst.\, 2013\, 46 1699-1704.\n[2] Rehm\ , C. et al\, J. Appl. Cryst.\, 2018\, 51\, 1-8.\n[3] Blach\, T. et al\, Jo urnal of Coal Geology\, 2018\, 186\, 135-144.\n[4] Sakurovs\, R.et al\, En ergy & Fuels\, 2017\, 31(1)\, 231-238.\n[5] Whittaker\, J. et al\, Int. J. Biol. Macromol.\, 2018\, 114\, 998-1007.\n[6] Li\, Z. et al\, Food Hydroc olloid\, 2018\, 79\, 170-178.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event /146/contributions/4354/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4354/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:A photon counting detector for x-ray imaging: advantages and chall enges DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T074300Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T074400Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4353@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Chris Hall (Australian Synchrotron)\nX-ray sensitive area detectors comprised of arrays of photon counting elements have been under development for decades. The difficult and expensive technological d evelopment of integrating readout electronic chips with a converter has be en substantially supported by areas of science other than synchrotron radi ation research. For instance\, such innovation is vital in large scale hig h energy physics detectors. Synchrotron radiation research has benefited f rom this technology being spun-out into the market.\nIMBL has purchased a photon counting array detector: the Eiger2\, from the Swiss company Dectri s. It will be used in our human radiography programme. An NHMRC grant was awarded to pursue the use of computed tomography in mammography (breast im aging) using the IMBL. Funds were provided for a 3 mega-pixel array detect or\, with 75 micron pitch pixels. Similar devices have been used in SR x-r ay scattering stations for a sometime\, but have not yet found extensive u se in radiography. The exquisite sensitivity is a great advantage for imag ing live subjects\; keeping the required dose to a minimum. However they d o have field coverage limitations. These are being addressing as part of t he human imaging project. In all photon counting detectors currently on th e market\, the active area is not continuous. The boundaries between IC ch ips\, and multi-chip modules create gaps. For diffraction these missing pi xels may be less important\, since reflections are often duplicated\, or r adial integration reduces their effect. In imaging however\, every pixel c arries potentially important clinical information.\nSome initial data from the IMBL Eiger2 is presented\, along with ideas for ameliorating the effe ct of the missing pixels on the radiological information.\n\nhttps://event s01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4353/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4353/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Working Mechanisms of Conversion-Type Metaphosphate Electrodes for Lithium/Sodium-Ion Batteries DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T074200Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T074300Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4349@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Qingbo Xia (The University of Sydney)\nThe developme nt of novel high-performance electrodes is crucial for the next generation of lithium/sodium-ion batteries (LIBs/SIBs) that can charge rapidly while maintaining high lithium/sodium storage capacity. One of the major resear ch directions to achieve improved energy/power densities of LIBs/SIBs has\ , thus far\, focused on electrode materials that can store Li+/Na+ through conversion reactions. Our group has discovered and systematically studied a new family of conversion-type electrode materials\, the transition meta l metaphosphates [M(PO3)n (M = Mn\, Fe\, Co\, Ni and Cu\; n = 1\, 2\, 3)]. Unlike traditional conversion-type monoanionic compounds such as oxides\, nitrides and fluorides which rely on nanomaterials engineering\, these me taphosphates can achieve full capacities and fast Li+/Na+ diffusion kineti cs from micro-sized samples synthesised by conventional solid-state method s. We studied their conversion reactions using a combination of in situ x- ray powder diffraction (XRPD)\, in/ex situ X-ray absorption near-edge spec troscopy (XANES)\, and ex situ high resolution transmission electron micro scopy (HRTEM). During the initial discharging\, these compounds convert in to amorphous ceramic composites with high electrochemical activities in wh ich fine transition metal nanograins are embedded in a glassy LiPO3 matrix . Glassy LiPO3 is an excellent Li+ conductor due to the low iconicity of P O3-\, and it can buffer the volume change of the electrode to maintain its integrity\, thus leading to much better electrochemical reversibility and cycling stability than monoanionic compounds. In the following first char ge\, the electrode converts back to a metaphosphate in terms of its compos ition but does not recrystallise. In subsequent cycles\, the metaphosphate electrodes in an amorphous form continue to react with Li+/Na+ reversibly .\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4349/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4349/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Continuous chemical redistribution following amorphous-to-crystall ine structural ordering in a Zr-Cu-Al bulk metallic glass DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T074100Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T074200Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4348@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Xuelian Wu ()\nBulk metallic glasses (BMGs) are ther modynamically metastable. As such\, crystallization occurs when a BMG is t hermally annealed at a temperature above the glass transition temperature. While extensive studies have been performed on the crystallization kineti cs of BMGs\, most of them have focused on the amorphous-to-crystalline str uctural ordering\, and little attention has been paid to chemical distribu tion and its relationship with the structural ordering during the crystall ization process. In this paper\, a new approach\, with simultaneous differ ential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and small angle neutron scattering (SANS ) measurements\, was applied to study in situ the crystallization of a Zr4 5.5Cu45.5Al9 BMG upon isothermal annealing at a temperature in the superco oled liquid region. Quantitative analysis of the DSC and SANS data showed that the structural evolution during isothermal annealing could be classif ied into three stages: (I) incubation\; (II) amorphous-to-crystalline stru ctural ordering\; (III) continuous chemical redistribution. This finding w as validated by composition analysis with atom probe tomography (APT)\, wh ich further identified a transition region formed by expelling Al into the matrix. The transition region\, with a composition of (Cu\,Al)50Zr50\, se rved as an intermediate step facilitating the formation of a thermodynamic ally stable crystalline phase with a composition of (Cu\,Al)10Zr7.\n\nhttp s://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4348/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4348/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Small Angle Neutron Scattering instrument Bilby: capabilities to s tudy mainstream and complex systems DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T074000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T074100Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4351@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Anna Sokolova (Dr)\, Andrew Whitten (ANSTO)\, Lilian a de Campo (ANSTO)\, Chun-Ming Wu (NSRRC)\nANSTO for more than ten years s uccessfully operates the Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) instrument Quokka[1] and in 2016 commenced the user operation of the second SANS inst rument\, Bilby[2]. The Ultra-small angle scattering instrument Kookaburra[ 3] is completing the set of the SANS instruments at ANSTO.\n\nBilby exploi ts neutron Time-of-Flight (ToF) to extend the simultaneous measurable Q-ra nge over and above what is possible on a conventional reactor-based monoch romatic SANS instrument. In ToF mode\, choppers are used to create neutron pulses comprising wavelengths between 2 and 20 Å of variable wavelength resolution (~3% ‒ 30%). In addition\, Bilby can operate in monochromatic mode using a velocity selector.\n\nTwo arrays of position sensitive detec tors in combination with utilizing the wide wavelength range provide the c apability to collect scattering data of a wide simultaneous angular range without changing the experimental set-up (maximum accessible Q on the inst rument is 0.001-1.8Å-1). \n\nAdditionally\, there is a range of sample en vironment available allowing to change sample conditions in situ\, which i s priceless for the study of a wide variety of samples ranging from colloi ds and hierarchical materials to metals. Here we present some recent examp les. \n\n\n\nReferences\n\n1. K. Wood et al\, QUOKKA\, the pinhole small-a ngle neutron scattering instrument at the OPAL Research Reactor\, Australi a: design\, performance\, operation and scientific highlights. J. Appl. Cr ystallogr. 51 (2018) 294-341.\n2. A. Sokolova et al\, Performance and char acteristics of the BILBY time-of-flight small-angle neutron scattering ins trument. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 52 (2019) 1-12.\n3. C. Rehm et al\, Design and performance of the variable-wavelength Bonse-Hart ultra-small-angle ne utron scattering diffractometer KOOKABURRA at ANSTO. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 51 (2018) 1-8.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contribut ions/4351/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4351/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Breaking boundaries\, or is it? Physical disruption at the nano- a nd micro scales for an in situ flow setup DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T073900Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T074000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4227@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Meltem Bayrak ()\nFor various soft and hard matter s ystems\, reduction in sample particle size could be an effective method fo r producing homogeneous samples\, eliminating trapped air bubbles\, facili tating sample preparation (e.g.\, gel loading)\, or meeting the requiremen ts of a specific sample environment. Due to the experimental constraints o f small-angle scattering\, such as the limited width (1 or 2 mm) of the sa mple cell\, time-dependent characterisation of larger samples in real time is often not possible. Physical disruption of samples into smaller sized particles at a macro scale would allow simultaneous characterisation of a variety of systems\, such as facilitating the flow of polymers\, gels\, a ggregates\, and minerals. While physical crushing or blending may appear t o be a straightforward solution to the problem\, a lack of knowledge about the effect on the nano- and microstructure precludes its widespread adopt ion.\n\nIn this study\, a yoghurt-like transglutaminase-induced acid gel ( TG)\, was blended as a method of disruption\, allowing the gel particles t o flow freely in the newly developed recirculated flow set-up designed for the *in situ* analysis of gel devolution over time. The study has demonst rated that mechanical disruption to form TG particle distributions within the 5-6 µm to ~3.5 mm size range had no effect on the micro- and nanostru cture of the gel. This work could benefit several studies\, including dyna mics of hydrogel swelling\, characterisation of particles in motion\, dige stion or changes in structure when exposed to different environmental cond itions\, as well as the implementation of newly developed setups in severa l neutron scattering studies.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event /146/contributions/4227/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4227/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Size\, shape and colloidal stability of fluorescent nanodiamonds i n aqueous suspension DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T073800Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T073900Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4236@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: samir samir eldemrdash (School of science\, RMIT Uni versity\, Melbourne\, Victoria 3001\, Australia)\nFluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) containing negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV–) centres hav e outstanding optical\, photostability and spin properties which make them promising candidates as nanoscale sensors\, and for quantum computing and bioimaging in biological media.\n\nThe location of NV atoms relative to t he surface of the particles is essential for these applications – if the NV atoms are buried too deeply\, this will lead to lower brightness3. To optimize these properties\, the particles must either be small or must hav e at least one dimension which is thin (eg plate shaped particles). The si ze and shape are therefore vital parameters to be investigated. Our collab orators4 examined the size effect on the optical properties of a wide rang e of FND particles\, however\, their 3D structure and colloidal stability have not been widely studied and are not well understood.\n \nHere\, we sy stematically investigate the 3D shape of FNDs in water for a range of size s and investigate the colloidal stability of these particles using dynamic light scattering\, depolarised dynamic light scattering and synchrotron-b ased small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Initial (SAXS) results suggest a n interesting relation between the reported shape\, DLS size of FND partic les and emitted fluorescence.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event /146/contributions/4236/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4236/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:X-ray structure of a transmembrane domain from an ABC-transporter dependent system from Neisseria meningitidis in a non-biological state DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T073700Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T073800Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4200@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Lorelei Masselot--Joubert (University of Western Aus tralia)\nMolecular replacement (MR) is the most commonly used method in cr ystallography to solve the phase problem required to obtain the three dime nsional structure of a protein. Traditionally MR uses a search model from a previously determined protein structure. One of the requirements for suc cess by MR is that the amino acid sequences of the search model and the un known structure should be have at least 35 % identity. When this is not po ssible\, an *ab initio* model can be generated using the sequence of the u nsolved protein. In this project\, we used the algorithm\, tr-Rosetta\, fr om the Rosetta server to obtain *ab initio* models used for use in MR.\nCt rC is part of an ABC transporter dependent complex in *Neisseria meningiti s*\, important for capsule polysaccharide transport. It constitutes the tr ansmembrane domain and associates with a separate nucleotide binding domai n\, CtrD\, making a heterotetramer. CtrC\, has been crystallised using th e lipidic cubic phase (LCP) method. After data collection using the MX2 be amline at the Australian Synchrotron\, the structure has been solved at 2. 87 Å by MR using an *ab initio* derived search model. \nThe structure of CtrC shows a monomeric arrangement in the crystal lattice\, unusual for an ABC transporter. A single molecule of the monoolein lipid used in the LC P matrix was found bound within the protein structure. We hypothesize tha t the presence of the monoolein ligand\, and possibly the absence of CtrD\ , abrogates the ability of CtrC to form the expected dimeric structure.\n\ nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4200/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4200/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Cholesterol catabolism: An exploitable weakness in mycobacterial i nfections? DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T073600Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T073700Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4212@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Daniel Doherty (The University of Adelaide)\nFollowi ng the development of modern antibiotics and the net improvement of health care systems globally\, tuberculosis (TB)\, a contagious and pathogenic b acterial infection caused by *Mycobacterium tuberculosis*\, has been large ly eliminated from developed countries. Despite this improvement TB remain ed a top 10 cause of death globally in 2020\, which\, when combined with t he rise in multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB)\, represents an urge nt global health concern. Other pathogenic mycobacteria including *Mycobac terium ulcerans*\, the causative agent of Buruli Ulcer and *Mycobacterium abscessus*\, a bacterium that affects cystic fibrosis patients\, are also emerging public health threats. Mycobacteria are unique in their ability t o metabolise host cell cholesterol\, and this pathway has become a target for new antibiotic treatments to drug-resistant infections. The cytochrome P450 enzymes of the CYP125\, CYP142 and CYP124 families initiate choleste rol metabolism. There are different numbers of cholesterol metabolising P4 50s in each Mycobacterium species. For example\, *Mycobacterium ulcerans* and *Mycobacterium tuberculosis* have one of each CYP125\, CYP142 and CYP1 24 enzymes\, while *Mycobacterium abscessus* has four different CYP125 enz ymes and no copies of CYP142 and CYP124. The reasons for different P450 pr ofiles between mycobacteria remain unknown\, as does a mechanistic underst anding of the P450-mediated cholesterol oxidation. This project aims to un derstand the structural\, evolutionary and mechanistic differences between enzymes of these three families. Also\, screening of these enzymes as tar gets for a new class of cholesterol-based\, anti-tubercular inhibitors wil l be undertaken.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contribu tions/4212/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4212/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Structural basis of higher-order assembly formation in Toll-like r eceptor 1\,2 and 6 signaling pathway DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T073500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T073600Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4202@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: YAN LI (The University of Queensland)\nInnate immuni ty represents a typical and widely distributed form of immunity. Innate im mune responses are the first line of defense against pathogens\, which can help destroy invaders invertebrate animals\, invertebrates\, and plants. The innate immune system recognizes microorganisms via pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). The family of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is a distinct group of PRRs. They detect the microbial components known as pathogen-asso ciated molecular patterns (PAMPs)\, activate downstream transcription fact ors such as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)\, resulting in a pro-inflammatory response. 10 TLRs have been identified in the human TLR family. In humans\ , TLR2 can form heterodimers with TLR1 and TLR6 when binding different typ es of ligands. The cytoplasmic Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain ca n be found in all TLRs and is responsible for transmitting extracellular s ignals to intracellular cytoplasmic TIR domain-containing adaptor proteins through TIR: TIR domain interactions\, thus initiating downstream signali ng. Two TIR-domain containing adaptor proteins\, Myeloid differentiation p rimary response 88 (MyD88) and MyD88 adaptor-like (MAL) mediate downstream signaling in the TLR2-TLR1/6 signaling pathway. It has been previously de monstrated that higher-order assembly formation occurs in the TLR4 signali ng pathway. The mechanism\, which is known as signaling by cooperative ass embly formation (SCAF)\, may occur in all TLR signal transduction. To date \, the transduction mechanisms of TLR2-TLR1/6 signaling are still unclear. This research aims to determine the structural basis of higher-order asse mblies formed by TIR domains with a focus on assemblies in the TLR2-TLR1/6 signaling.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions /4202/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4202/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Scaling behaviour of the skyrmions lattices in Cu2OSeO3 single cry stals from small angle neutron scattering DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T073400Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T073500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4231@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jorge Arturo Sauceda Flores (School of Physics\, Uni versity of New South Wales\, Sydney 2052\, Australia)\nSkyrmions are topol ogically protected spin vortices in the nanometre scale that behave like p articles. In chiral crystals\, competing magnetic interactions may induce 2D skyrmion lattices [1-2]. In the multiferroic insulator Cu$_2$OSeO$_3$\, the skyrmion lattice responds to electric/magnetic fields suggesting appl ications in data storage [3]. These applications crucially depend on the s tability conditions of the skyrmion phase. Notably\, Cu$_2$OSeO$_3$ is the only material in which the appearance of two different skyrmion phases ha s been reported in its phase diagram. However\, the quantum mechanisms of these phases and their thermodynamic connection are still under debate [4- 6]. Hence\, we used Small Angle Neutron Scattering and Lorentz Transmissio n Electron Microscopy to study the skyrmion stabilisation in single crysta ls of Cu$_2$OSeO$_3$ [7]. In this work\, we report the field\, temperature \, and sample alignment dependence of the scaling behaviour of skyrmions a s an order parameter for the emergence of the two skyrmion phases.\n\n[1] S. Muehlbauer et al.\, Science 323\, 915 (2009)\n[2] S. Seki\, X. Z. Yu\, S. Ihiwata\, and Y. Tokura\, Science 336\, 198 (2009)\n[3] A. Fert\, N. Re yren\, V. Cros\, Nat. Rev. Mats. 2\, 01731 (2017)\n[4] A. Chacon\, L. Hein en et al.\, Nat. Phys. 14\, 936-941 (2018)\n[5] F. Qian\, L. J. Bannenberg et al.\, Sci. Adv. 4\, eaat7323 (2018)\n[6] L. J. Bannenberg\, H. Wilhelm et al.\, npj Quantum Mater. 4\, 11 (2019)\n[7] M.-G. Han\, et al.\, Sci. Adv. 6\, eaax2138 (2020)\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/ contributions/4231/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4231/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Self-Assembly of Carbon Dioxide Nonionic Surfactants in Ionic Liqu ids DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T073300Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T073400Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4214@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Shurui Miao (The University of Sydney)\nThe diverse and tuneable intermolecular interactions present in ionic liquids (ILs) ma ke them excellent media for surfactant self-assembly. Previous studies of polyoxyethylene alkyl ether nonionic surfactants\, in ethylammonium nitra te and propylammonium nitrate have shown they can support the full range o f amphiphilic self-assembly behaviour of nonionic surfactants for various applications. However\, the head group of these nonionic surfactant\, ethy lene oxide (EO)\, is a petrochemical product\, prompting us to seek bio-re newable substitutes\, amongst which carbon dioxide stands out. Recent stud ies of nonionic surfactants incorporating CO2 (partly substituted for EO) have shown they are promising surface-active molecules. Small angle neutro n scattering (QUOKKA\, ANSTO) showed a single CO2 unit per surfactant can have an enormous impact on phase behaviour of dodecyl surfactants in water . The formation of gel-like liquid crystalline phases was completely suppr essed through reduced hydration of the headgroups. This study is directed at understanding self-assembly behaviour of CO2 nonionic surfactants in IL s. We have examined the structure of surfactant-IL solutions using small a ngle neutron scattering as a function of surfactant concentration\, solven t composition and temperature. Results shown that unlike water\, solvation of nonionic headgroup is mostly unaffected by incorporation of CO2 units in pure ILs. However\, this can be easily regulated through water dilution or mixing ILs. This demonstrates the composition of surfactant headgroup and the solvent can be used as tools to engineer solvent-headgroup interac tions in formulating non-aqueous soft matter.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrot ron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4214/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4214/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Synthesis and structural characterisation of novel perovskite-type Na-ion conductors DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T073200Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T073300Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4217@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Frederick Yang (University of Sydney)\nThe developme nt of new solid electrolytes is becoming increasingly important\, e.g.\, f or rechargeable batteries for electric vehicles\, where current liquid org anic electrolytes cause major safety concerns. Some ABO3 perovskite metal oxides have shown excellent lithium and sodium ion conductivity owing to t heir chemical and structural flexibility. This has led to the development of several perovskite-type solid electrolytes such as Li3xLa2/3-xTiO3 (LLT O) and Na1/2-xLa1/2-xSr2xZrO3 (NLSZ)\, which have shown high ionic conduct ivities [1-3].\nStarting from the x = 1/6 member of NLSZ\, a new series of sodium perovskite-type solid electrolytes with the formula Na1/3La1/3-x/3 Sr1/3Zr1-xNbxO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.8) (NLSZN) was synthesised. Structural char acterisation was carried using a combination of synchrotron and neutron po wder diffraction data\, which revealed both first- and second-order phase transitions as a function of temperature. For some samples the symmetry ap peared higher in synchrotron data than neutron data\, owing to the higher relative sensitivity of neutron data to scattering from oxygen atoms in th e structure [4]. As observed for other defect perovskites\, there is a ten dency to higher symmetry with increasing A-site vacancy concentration [5]. \n\n[1] Y. Inaguma\, L.Q. Chen\, M. Itoh\, T. Nakamura\, T. Uchida\, H. Ik uta\, M. Wakihara\, Solid State Commun. 86\, 689–693 (1993).\n[2] Y.Z. Z hao\, Z.Y. Liu\, J.X. Xu\, T.F. Zhang\, F. Zhang\, X.G. Zhang\, J. Alloy. Compd. 783\, 219–225 (2019).\n[3] F. Z. T. Yang\, V. K. Peterson\, S. Sc hmid\, J. Alloy. Compd. 863\, 158500 (2021). \n[4] S. Schmid\, R. L. Withe rs. J. Solid State Chem. 191\, 63 ─ 70 (2012). \n[5] T. A. Whittle\, W. R. Brant\, J. R. Hester\, Q. Gu.\, S. Schmid\, Dalton Trans. 46\, 7253 ─ 7260 (2017).\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributio ns/4217/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4217/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Exploring the Surface of Vanadium Phosphate Cathode Materials DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T073100Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T073200Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4193@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Tristram Jenkins (Queensland University of Technolog y)\nIn this study\, we used a combination of synchrotron soft X-ray absorp tion spectroscopy (XAS)\, lab-scale experimental techniques and first prin ciples computation to critically examine and validate the surface and bulk electronic structure of prototypical vanadium (III) phosphate intercalati on cathode materials\, Na3V2(PO4)3\, Li3V2(PO4)3 and K3V3(PO4)4• H2O. U sing a combination of XPS\, Raman UV-Vis -NIR\, UPS and DFT calculations\, a full picture of each AVPs electronic structure was developed and valida ted using both experimental and calculated electronic structure and densit y of states data. From our synchrotron data\, XAS fluorescence yield and e lectron yield measurements reveal substantial variation in surface-to-bulk atomic structure\, vanadium oxidation states and density of oxygen hole s tates across all AVP samples. We attribute this variation to an intrinsic alkali metal surface depletion layer identified across these alkali metal vanadium (III) phosphates. We propose that an alkali-depleted surface prov ides a beneficial interface with the bulk structure(s) that raises the Fer mi level and improves surface charge transfer kinetics at the surface of t his family of materials. This surface depletion phenomenon has been previo usly reported in other prominent transition metal phosphate intercalation cathodes\, such as LiFePO4 and its general presence here suggests wider ub iquity amongst alkali transition metal phosphate materials.\n\nhttps://eve nts01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4193/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4193/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Analysis of Thermoresponsive Dextrans via Small-Angle X-ray Scatte ring DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T073000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T073100Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4210@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Sarah Otto (University of South Australia)\nThermore sponsive polymers have gained significant interest over recent years due t o their potential use in a wide range of applications\, including drug del ivery\, cell therapies\, pharmaceuticals\, tissue engineering\, and minera l processing [1]. Of particular interest are thermoresponsive polysacchari des\, which are generally biocompatible and biodegradable\, unlike their s ynthetic counterparts. This is particularly important when considering bio medical applications\, such as drug delivery\, as biodegradability allows for the clearance of the drug delivery system from the body and can help t o facilitate drug release. We have developed a novel family of thermorespo nsive polysaccharides with tunable transition temperatures via functionali sation of non-thermoresponsive dextran with a series of alkylamides [2]. B y altering the composition and degree of substitution of the alkylamide gr oups on the dextran backbone\, the temperature at which phase transition o ccurs can be tuned. Upon heating\, solutions of thermoresponsive dextrans undergo a reversable phase transition to afford colloidal suspensions. The nature of the solution-to-colloid transition was investigated by UV-visib le spectrophotometry to determine the transition temperature and hystereti c effects\, and via dynamic light scattering to determine changes in parti cle size and dispersity. To further interrogate the phase transitions and conformational changes occurring upon heating and cooling\, Synchrotron sm all-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was conducted as a function of temperatu re. Taken together\, these results provide a fundamental platform to furth er study the behaviour of these novel thermoresponsive dextrans when appli ed to specific applications\, such as drug delivery or mineral processing. \n1. Graham\, S\, et al.\, 2019\, Carbohydrate Polymers\, 207\, p.143-15 9.\n2. Otto\, S\, et al.\, 2021\, Carbohydrate Polymers\, 254\, p.117280.\ n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4210/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4210/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:A precisely piezo-controlled macro-ATR for characterizing the dyna mic behaviour electrolyte/electrode interface DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T072900Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T073000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4228@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: SAILIN LIU (University of Wollongong)\nIn all batter y systems\, electrolyte plays a vital role in determining the stability of the electrodes\, as well as the safety of the battery uses. The good soli d electrolyte interphase (SEI) protective layer formed at the first cyclin g process of the battery\, rather than continually accumulating on the ele ctrode surface\, and is not dissoluble in electrolytes\, making its proper ties highly dependent on the chemical structure. Therefore\, further devel opment of safe battery technology strongly requires a better understanding of the chemistry and formation mechanism of the SEI\, which remains large ly unknown due to their complex structure and a lack of reliable in situ e xperimental techniques. Based on the above\, a novel piezo-controlled macr o-ATR (within a precise controlling thickness of 100 nm above the electrod e surface) is successfully developed for battery research in the IRM beaml ine in the Australian Synchrotron. This innovation enables probing the rea l-time reaction inside a battery at the micro-scale with an accurate contr olled detecting movement to the electrode surface. Changes in functional g roups and their distribution observed will be complementary with the ex-si tu results to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms occurring i n different electrolytes at different stages\, which will subsequently be correlated to their stability and charging performance. Such knowledge wil l be critical for optimizing the ingredients of non-flammable electrolytes to support further development of more stable and high-performance batter ies and enable scientific design principles of non-flammable electrolytes. \n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4228/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4228/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Physical insights into self-assembly of enzymatic protein particle s using Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T072800Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T072900Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4181@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Bhuvana Shanbhag (Monash University)\, Tayyaba Youna s (Monash University)\nAssembled protein particles are emerging as advance d protein biomaterials with significant impact in areas of vaccine develop ment\, biocatalysis\, drug delivery and biosensing. To date\, assembled pr otein particles primarily serve as scaffold to tether functional entities for various applications. Since they lack inherent functional properties\, subsequent functionalisation of protein particles is essential. In this work\, we present a simple approach using self-assembling peptides to form particles of protein of interest in the presence of stimuli.[1] We demons trate this by a model protein-peptide module using enzyme bovine carbonic anhydrase (BCA) fused with self-assembling peptide (P114) via GS-linker an d expressed in E. coli. The BCA-P114 self-assembles into particles in resp onse to two different stimuli i.e.\, pH and magnesium ions. Through dynami c light scattering we showed that BCA-P114 particles form spontaneously\, and particle size can be controlled with the extent of stimuli.[2] Using S AXS (SAXS/WAXS beamline at the Australian Synchrotron)\, we studied the se lf-assembly kinetics and the timescales of BCA-P114 particle formation usi ng magnesium ions as stimuli. The SAXS analysis of particle formation kine tics exhibited the particle formation to occurs within 10 secs of exposure to magnesium ions. Furthermore\, the structure and function of BCA-P114 p article were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and enzyme assa y respectively. Our self-assembling strategy provides a platform for the s pontaneous formation and customisation of particles of desired functional protein.[3] This platform technology will open-up new opportunities to ada pt functional proteins into particles for use as advanced biomaterial.\n\n https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4181/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4181/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:SNAKE VENOM-CONTRLLED 3D FIBRIN ARCHITECTURE REVEALED BY SANS/USAN S DICTATES FIBROBLAST DIFFERENTATION DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T072700Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T072800Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4197@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Zhao Wang (1Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology\, The University of Queensland\, Australia.)\nFibrin is the founding matrix after injury\, delivering the key biophysical cues to promote wound healing in a timely and coordinated manner. The effect of t he fibrin architecture on wound healing hasn’t been studied due to a lac k of control over the enzyme-catalyzed polymerization of the fibrin networ k in vitro. Here\, we establish a new defined snake venom-controlled fibri n system with precisely and independently controlled architectural and mec hanical properties. By utilising combined small-angle neutron scattering ( SANS) and ultra-small angle neutron scattering (USANS) techniques\, we cha racterize the full-scale architectural properties of the new system from t he internal structure of the individual fibres to the structure of the fib rin networks and compare them to super-resolution optical methods. This ve ry precise set of neutron scattering data confirms our full control over t he network’s architectural features\, which serves as a foundation for t he application of this defined system. The subsequent cell differentiation studies reveal that fibrin architecture has prevailing control over fibro blast spreading phenotypes and long-term myofibroblast differentiation. Th ese findings implicate matrix architecture as a key activator of fibroblas t differentiation and provide new biophysical strategies in the design of biomaterials to promote scarless wound healing.\n\nhttps://events01.synchr otron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4197/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4197/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Ruthenium-Based Pyrochlore Oxides for Improved Electrocatalysis DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T072600Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T072700Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4194@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Bryce Mullens (University of Sydney)\nEnergy securit y during the transition to a low-carbon economy is one of society’s gran d challenges. One possible method of developing carbon-neutral energy gene ration is through the combustion of hydrogen and oxygen gas. However\, the se gases must be able to be sustainably sourced using low-emission technol ogies.\n \nOne such method is using electrocatalysts – catalysts capable of splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen gas in the presence of electr icity. Currently\, industry standard electrocatalysts contain a high noble metal content\, such as ruthenium and iridium. These metals are extremely expensive and their performance can degrade over time. Recently\, pyrochl ore oxides have emerged as promising alternatives due to their low noble m etal content\, extreme stability\, and high oxygen evolution activity in a cidic environments. However\, despite this\, debate currently exists in th e literature as to what specific structural properties of these materials lead to their superior electrocatalytic performance. \n\nThis work present s full structural models of various ruthenium pyrochlore oxides of the for m (Y$_{2-x}M_{x}$)Ru$_{2}$O$_{7-d}$ ($M$ = Mn-Zn) based on various diffrac tion and spectroscopic studies. X-ray and neutron diffraction\, as well as X-ray absorption spectroscopy\, have been used to determine the short-ran ge local and long-range average structures of these electrocatalysts. Cycl ic voltammetry measurements have further shown significant oxygen evolutio n reaction activity compared to industry-standard ruthenium oxide\, despit e containing substantially less ruthenium. This has allowed us to establis h structure-functionality relationships for these electrocatalysts\, furth er developing and improving them for overall water splitting reactions.\n\ nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4194/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4194/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Investigating the dielectric properties of the cornea and tympanic membrane using Synchrotron ATR and transmission at THz frequencies DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T072500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T072600Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4206@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Negin Foroughimehr (Swinburne University of Technolo gy)\nHigh GHz and THz frequencies are becoming important in the communicat ion\, security\, and industrial fields. With the increasing use of THz tec hnology\, the skin\, cornea\, and tympanic membrane will be subjected to i ncreased incidental and purposeful THz radiation. There is an urgent need to adequately characterise the way the cornea and tympanic membrane intera ct with THz radiation to understand potential THz exposure hazards and ref ine dosimetry guidelines. The understanding of the complex permittivity of the cornea and tympanic membrane at THz frequencies may lead to the devel opment of THz-based diagnostic techniques and therapeutic techniques based on the differences of permittivity at THz between normal and pathological states.\n\nTHz is highly absorbed by liquid water. The cornea and tympani c membrane are “high bulk water content” tissues (over 70% water). We have devised innovative approaches to interrogate biological samples with attenuated total reflection (ATR) apparatus at THz frequencies at THz/far -infrared beamline in the Australian Synchrotron. One new method extends t he capabilities of the ATR apparatus to a partial reflection/partial trans mission mode (APR). A second method was to vary the temperature of biologi cal tissues whilst continually scanning the sample. The combination of the methods brought a very accurate determination of the temperature-dependen t variation of the refractive index. The last technique extends the useful range of the apparatus to exploring samples with refractive index beyond the maximum possible with attenuated total reflection\, bringing water-bas ed biological samples within the capacity of the diamond crystal ATR at th e Australian Synchrotron.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146 /contributions/4206/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4206/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:The investigation of structural and electronic configurations of n oble-metal free nanocomposite and electrocatalytic oxides for acidic water electrolysis DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T072400Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T072500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4192@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Darcy Simondson-Tammer (Monash University)\nThe deve lopment of *in situ* XAS for water electrolysis applications\, such as sus tainable hydrogen production\, is integral towards the accurate characteri sation of state-of-the-art electrocatalytic materials. As this field conti nues to uncover a breadth of earth-abundant and high performance electroca talysts\, the understanding of their operando structures and electronic st ates is required to not only understand the true nature of these electroma terials\, but also precisely bench-mark emerging catalysts and catalytic m echanisms against already industrially dominant electrocatalysts. Due to i ts intrinsically conductive nature\, and the purity of hydrogen that is pr oduced at industrially relevant current densities\, acidic water electroly sis presents one of the most capable modes of producing hydrogen sustainab ly at the terawatt scale. It is from these perspectives that the developme nt of cost effective\, acid stable and highly active catalytic materials m ust be developed and characterised in order to make this technology increa singly feasible for deployment at the global scale. Operando XAS has been instrumental in our recent developments towards two intrinsically stable e lectrocatalysts that are based off cobalt-rion-lead and silver-bismuth mix ed oxides\, and the now refined understanding of "catalyst-in-matrix" mech anisms of operation. During our XAS work at ANSTO we have been successful in collecting high quality XANES and EXAFS data on the two acid stable mat erials described\, whereby structural and electronic information would not have been uncovered under *ex situ* XAS experimental designs. From the de tailed results obtained\, we are now refining our *in situ* XAS technique for a breadth of acid-stabe materials that have been developed within our team at Monash University and believe that this will benefit the field tow ards precise bench-marking metrics for cost effective electrocatalysis.\n\ nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4192/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4192/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Chiral Detection with Fluorescent Coordination Polymers DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T072300Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T072400Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4186@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Shannon Thoonen (The University of Melbourne)\nChira lity is an intrinsic property of life on Earth. Biological systems have ev olved alongside chiral molecules like proteins\, DNA\, and sugars\, which all exist as pairs of nonsuperimposable mirror images. These mirror images \, called enantiomers\, are chemically indistinguishable\, except when the y interact with other chiral systems. Chiral drugs like ibuprofen differ i n their effectiveness based on the chiral purity of the dose\, and artific ial sweeteners like aspartame can taste bitter if unwanted enantiomers are not filtered out prior to consumption\, owing to the human body’s inher ent chirality. The need to differentiate and separate the enantiomers of c hiral compounds has led to the development of chiral sensors: molecular sy stems that can identify the enantiomeric purity of a sample.\n\nCoordinati on polymers (CPs) and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are ideally suited t o chiral sensing. These crystalline frameworks consist of extended structu res of organic linkers bridging metal centres\, and are both easily tuned and potentially porous\, enabling the incorporation of small guest compoun ds into their internal voids. When the parent framework is chiral\,1 one e nantiomer of a chiral guest molecule will have a stronger interaction with the structure than its opposite. This dichotomy in binding strength can b e paired with methods like circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and fluore scent techniques to assess a sample’s enantiomeric composition.2\n\nThis poster presentation will describe the synthesis of a chiral\, fluorescent CP and its crystal structure\, recorded on the MX1 beamline at the Austra lian Synchrotron. The ability of this framework to differentiate the enant iomers of chiral guest compounds through fluorescent quenching measurement s will also be highlighted.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/1 46/contributions/4186/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4186/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor ligand binding domain and the in teractivity with ion-channel control DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T072200Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T072300Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4220@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Zheng Chen (The University of Sydney)\nEncephalopath ies are a group of brain dysfunctions which leads to cognitive\, sensory\, and motor impairments. Recent developments in the field have led to the i dentification of several mutations within the N-methyl-D-aspartate recepto r as one of the possible culprits for this group of conditions. However\, understanding of the underlying changes to the receptor due to these mutat ions has been elusive to date. We aimed to determine the effects of one of the first mutations identified within the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor G luN1 ligand binding domain\, Ser688Tyr. This mutation was identified and a ssociated with early onset encephalopathy. We performed molecular docking\ , randomly seeded molecular dynamics simulations\, and binding free energy calculations to determine the behaviour of the 2 main co-agonists: glycin e and D-serine and their effects on ion channel function. We determined th at the Ser688Tyr mutation leads to instability of both ligands within the ligand binding site due to changes within the ligand binding domain associ ated with the mutation. Associated binding free energy for both ligands al so increased significantly in the mutated receptor. These results reinforc e previously observed in vitro electrophysiology data and provides additio nal information on ligand behaviour. Upcoming studies involve the use of c rystallography and neutron scattering to determine the effects of this mut ation on ion-channel function. This study provides valuable insight into t he consequences of mutations within the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor GluN 1 ligand binding domain.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/ contributions/4220/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4220/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Chiral CPs formed using chiral heterotopic ligands DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T072100Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T072200Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4183@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Nicholas Kyratzis (Monash University)\nThe use of he terotopic ligands in the synthesis of coordination polymers (CPs) using py ridyl groups and carboxylates have been extensive. But the use of chiral heterotopic ligands using pyridyl groups and phthalimide groups has not be en explored. Chiral coordination polymers have been formed using leucine\ , phenylalanine and cysteine substituted pyridylphthalimide cores (L3pyph\ , M3pyph and L4pyph)\, where the pyridyl groups have been substituted in t he 3 and 4 positions. One dimensional coordination polymers have been for med using L3pyph and P3pyph\, where there are π-π interactions between p arallel 1D chains. However\, the use of more exotic amino acids such cyste ine\, C3pyph\, has allowed for a 2D coordination polymer to be formed thro ugh the formation of disulphide bonds between 1D chains. A two fold inter penetrated 2D dimensional coordination polymer has been formed using L4pyp h and P4pyph. These illustrates that the substitution of the pyridyl grou p between the 3 and the 4 position has a major influence with the coordina tion polymers formed.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/con tributions/4183/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4183/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Investigating negative thermal expansion in aliphatic metal-organi c frameworks DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T072000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T072100Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4216@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Celia Chen (The University of Sydney)\nNegative ther mal expansion (NTE) involves the unconventional behaviour of material cont raction upon heating and has been observed in some metal organic framework s (MOFs). Investigations into the mechanism governing NTE are highly impor tant for practical applications for when it is undesirable for materials t o expand upon heating. Previous investigations focused on aromatic and sin gle component frameworks\, our goal is to expand into the realm of aliphat ic linkers such as cubane-1\,4-dicarboxylate (1\,4-cdc) and bicyclo[1.1.1] pentane-1\,3-dicarboxylate (1\,3-pdc)\, which may introduce unencountered dynamic motions.[1] \n\nSingle-component aliphatic MOFs\, 3DL-MOF-1 ([Zn4O (1\,3-pdc)3]) and CUB-5 ([Zn4O(1\,4-cdc)3]) were explored using powder dif fraction (PD) techniques.[2] The aliphatic MOFs demonstrated enhanced NTE\ , in comparison to its aromatic MOF-5 analogue . Investigations on the hos t-guest effects on NTE behaviour[3] were explored using neutron PD at the ACNS by charging 3DL-MOF-1 with CO2 guest molecules. Successful NTE quenc hing was achieved at higher CO2 loading.\n\nTo extend our understanding of aliphatic influences on NTE behaviour\, we study a series of moisture sta ble multicomponent frameworks.[4] Using synchrotron PD and single crystal X-ray diffraction we investigate the NTE behaviour of quaternary MOFs (th ree linkers and one node) by varying the aliphatic linker in each system. We hope to identify the key characteristics of aliphatic linkers that dict ates NTE behaviour. \n\n\n\n[1] J. Perego et al.\, Nature Chemistry 2020\, 12\, 845.\n[2] L. K. Macreadie et al.\, ACS Applied Materials & Interface s 2021\, 13\, 30885.\n[3] J. E. Auckett et al.\, Nature communications 201 8\, 9\, 1.\n[4] L. K. Macreadie\, et al.\, Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2020\, 59\, 6090.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/14 6/contributions/4216/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4216/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Wombat – the high intensity diffractometer at OPAL DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T071900Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T072000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4178@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Helen Maynard-Casely (Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation)\nWombat is a high intensity neutron diffractomet er located in the OPAL Neutron Guide Hall. It is primarily used as a high- speed powder diffractometer\, but has also expanded into texture character isation and single-crystal measurement\, particularly diffuse scattering. The high performance comes from the combination of the best area detector ever constructed for neutron diffraction with the largest beam guide yet put into any research reactor and a correspondingly large crystal monochro mator\, all combine with the centre’s polarisation capability to provide an instrument which is unique within the Southern hemisphere. \n \nWomba t has been used to explore a broad range of materials\, including: novel h ydrogen-storage materials\, negative-thermal-expansion materials\, methane -ice clathrates\, piezoelectrics\, high performance battery anodes and cat hodes\, high strength alloys\, multiferroics\, superconductors and novel m agnetic materials. Our poster will highlight both the capacity of the inst rument\, and some recent results.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/e vent/146/contributions/4178/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4178/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Lithium Lanthanide Halides: A New Family of Solid Electrolytes DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T071800Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T071900Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4208@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Michael Brennan (University of Sydney)\nThe growing need for safe and reliable energy storage has brought the search for stabl e\, high performance solid electrolytes to the forefront of battery materi als research. Recently\, it has been shown that lithium lanthanide halides (Li$_3$MX$_6$\, M = La-Lu\, X = Cl\, Br\, I) with high ionic conductiviti es can be synthesized through mechanochemical and water mediated routes\, creating renewed interest in the family of compounds. However\, Li$_3$MX$_ 6$ compounds have only been synthesised with the late lanthanides (Eu-Lu)\ , apart from the isolated case of samarium bromide\, and of these compound s\, only Li$_3$MX$_6$ (X = Cl\, Br\, I) and Li$_3$YbCl$_6$ have had their crystal structures reported. This leaves a large gap in the literature tha t is yet to be explored. The family of Li$_3$MX$_6$ compounds share proper ties that make them highly appealing for use in all-solid-state batteries. Their structural properties\, namely disordered lithium sites and soft a nion lattices\, allow for Li$_3$MX$_6$ compounds to have excellent ionic c onductivities of ~1 mS/cm\, comparable to garnet Li$_7$La$_3$Zr$_2$O$_{12} $\, one of the most promising solid electrolytes for lithium batteries. Ad ditionally\, halides have a favourable decomposition against lithium metal electrodes\, forming ionically conductive and electronically insulating L iX interphase materials. These interphase materials are stable during cycl ing and impede any further electrolyte decomposition\, allowing for excell ent cyclic stability. These properties\, along with the large gaps that ar e yet to be explored\, make research into Li$_3$MX$_6$ compounds imperativ e for the continued development of solid-state electrolytes for all-solid- state batteries.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contribu tions/4208/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4208/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Canine osteosarcoma positioning and dosimetry study DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T071700Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T071800Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4239@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jason Paino (UOW)\nAppendicular osteosarcoma is a hi ghly destructive malignant primary bone tumour occurring in both canine an d human patients. Clinically\, amputation is the most common outcome\, how ever\, Synchrotron generated radiotherapy may provide a preferable alterna tive.\nBuilding from a body of knowledge acquired in small animal models\, client-owned dogs with spontaneously developing tumours would be an excel lent translational model to assess novel radiation therapies\, moving towa rd the ultimate goal of human patients.\n\nThis work presents a positionin g and dosimetry study using a canine cadaver as a proof-of-concept for vet erinary trials at the imaging and medical beamline of the Australian Synch rotron. This included x-ray imaging\, alignment to the treatment beam\, si mulation and prescription of a therapeutic dose and finally the delivery o f said prescription.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/cont ributions/4239/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4239/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Radiation monitor for astronaut safety and prediction of electroni c failure in the space mission DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T071600Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T071700Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4238@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Vladimir Pan (University of Wollongong)\nAstronauts travelling through space are at risk of exposure to radiation arising from Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCRs) and Solar particle events (SPE) which possess a significant radiobiological effect. GCR is mostly made up of protons wi th a small proportion of GCR being high atomic number energetic particles\ , which are difficult to shield while SPEs are events which occasionally e ject large number of protons on top of a steady stream of photons and elec trons. The composition of GCRs and SPE creates a complex radiation field w hich becomes difficult to characterize in real time due to the large varie ty of ions and radiation types. The ability to measure the dose equivalent in real time received by astronauts with high efficiency and accuracy is of great importance\, as the risk of excessive exposure can be monitored a nd minimized. A novel large area microdosimeter has been developed at the Centre for Medical Radiation Physics\, University of Wollongong – named the Octobox\, for monitoring the dose equivalent and radiobiological risk to astronauts in a mixed radiation field environment\, typical to the one encountered in space. The Octobox’s response to 290 MeV/u 12C ion\, 230 and 490 MeV/u 28Si\, 400 MeV/u 20Ne at the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator i n Chiba (HIMAC)\, Japan was studied. Both experimental and GEANT4 simulati on data are showing that the Octobox is suitable for mixed radiation field monitoring for space application with real-time readout of dose equivalen t values aiding in protection of astronauts on space missions.\n\nhttps:// events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4238/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4238/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Understanding and controlling the formation of photonic crystals f rom polydisperse colloidal systems DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T071500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T071600Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4237@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Katherine Chea (RMIT University)\nThe fundamentals o f crystallisation and glass formation are not yet fully understood. Colloi dal suspensions have been shown to be promising model systems for understa nding these processes. As colloidal motion is Brownian\, rather than balli stic\, kinetics and dynamics can be studied in real-time. It is well docum ented that colloidal suspensions can “successfully crystallise” when t he particles in the system have sufficiently low polydispersity.[1\,2] Thi s means that the particles must have a similar average size and shape. If a system is highly polydisperse\, this will hinder the solidification proc ess.\n\nIn this work we will explore colloidal nanodiamonds. Nanodiamonds are a topic of interest in many material studies due to their wide variety \, and unique mechanical and optical properties.[3\,4] Detonation nanodiam onds (DNDs) are of particular interest due to their unique fabrication pro cess. Due the detonation synthesis method\, the particles are small (sever al nm) and faceted\, but in solution self-assemble into highly irregular f ractal shapes.[5] Despite this high polydispersity\, when centrifuged\, th ese types of DNDs can yield incredibly ordered structures and form iridesc ent photonic crystals – this is highly surprising given the highly irreg ular structures of these materials. These photonic crystals were first dis covered by Grichko *et al.*\,[5] however\, the mechanisms behind these hig hly ordered structures are still unknown. With a combination of lab techni ques and beam time allocations at the Australian Synchrotron\, ANSTO and p otentially overseas neutron facilities\, we will systematically investigat e these nanodiamond photonic crystals\, and examine their structure and fo rmation kinetics.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contrib utions/4237/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4237/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Inelastic Neutron Scattering of Liquid Metal Gallium DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T071400Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T071500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4235@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Caleb Stamper (University of Wollongong)\nLiquid met als (LMs) – metals that are liquid near room temperature – have fascin ated scientists for centuries. In the last few decades\, in particular\, t he extent of their peculiar properties has been highlighted. Properties su ch as low melting point\, high flexibility and stretchability\, excellent thermal and electrical conductivities\, and biocompatibility have led LMs to a wide variety of applications. While LMs have proven to be an exceptio nally useful class of materials\, their unique properties also speak to va rious fundamental physical phenomena. In particular\, the (hydro)dynamics of LMs is of interest as they have a uniquely challenging nature: possessi ng the complex nature of regular fluids as well as a “sea” of electron s – giving rise to unique hydrodynamic effects. Inelastic neutron scatte ring (INS) is a particularly well-suited technique to investigate such eff ects as it probes the microscopic hydrodynamic origins in the nanometer-te rahertz regime. In this presentation\, we shall report our preliminary inv estigations on Ga across the phase transition from solid to liquid as a fu nction of temperature using inelastic neutron scattering. The analysis of the energy dependence of the phonon density of states at low energy region reveals the transition from E^2 for the solid state to a more or less lin ear relationship corresponding to the liquid state. The dynamic changes wi ll be further discussed in the content of atomic diffusive properties of t he system through analysis of the quasielastic neutron scattering in combi nation with molecular dynamic simulations.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron .org.au/event/146/contributions/4235/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4235/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Characterising the temperature dependent spectra of polyethylene f or terahertz optics DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T071300Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T071400Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4234@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Thomas Sanders (University of Wollonogong)\nPolyethy lene is a highly transparent material in the terahertz (THz) region (1-200 cm$^{-1}$). This makes it ideal for lenses and windows\, especially for c ryostats. It is also often used as a binding medium in sample pellets to d ilute trace amounts of optically thick samples. \n\nOne caveat for this ex tremely useful material\, however\, is an absorption at 73 cm$^{-1}$\, oft en overlooked when utilising polyethylene for terahertz optics. This mode was first studied during the 1960’s [1\,2] but has sparsely been mentio ned in scientific literature since\, most recently in 2019\, being describ ed as “elusive” [3].\n\nTo determine the effects of this absorption on terahertz optics we have quantified the intensity and frequency of this m ode from 6-300 K for different sample thicknesses on the THz beamline at t he Australaian Synchrotron. We have observed a large redshift of 6.7 cm$^{ -1}$ (79.9-73.2 cm$^{-1}$) with heating over this temperature range\, as w ell as significant reductions in the peak intensity. These results indicat e that for thin samples (\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146 /contributions/4234/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4234/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Using low energy ion beams to pattern the surface of novel semicon ductors DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T071200Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T071300Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4233@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Abuduliken Bake (University of Wollongong)\nA wide r ange of ion energies (KeV- MeV)\, ion species\, and ion fluences achievabl e by ion beam implantation\, which allows fabrication of highly customized patterned subsurface structures in materials. This advanced material proc essing technology allows tuning of specific magnetic\, and electronic prop erties with the aim of achieving a wide range of functionalities in electr onics. Magnetic ions implantation has been actively used for functionalisi ng semiconductor materials in recent few years in attempt to fabricate mag netic semiconductors for spintronic applications. [1\, 2] Ion beam pattern ing\, like electron-beam lithography\, able to fabricate customised geomet ryies on a surface of a semiconductor to create a functionalised region wi th desired electronic and magnetic properties. By using low energy ion bea m implanter at Center of Accelerator Science (CAS) at Australian Nueclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO)\, we demonstrate that the curr ent method has the potential application in the integrated circuitry proce ssing industry with the ability to “write” very small features down to few tens of nanometers.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/ contributions/4233/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4233/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Microbeam radiation therapy in a heart beat DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T071100Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T071200Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4232@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jason Paino (UOW)\nNon-small-cell lung carcinomas ar e highly radioresistant and so\, of potential interest for treatment with Microbeam Radiation Therapy. In the thoracic cavity\, the therapeutic dose is limited largely by the heart\; one of the most important organs of ris k.\nWe developed an ex vivo protocol to study the acute response of the ca rdiac impulse conduction system to microbeam radiotherapy with high peak d oses\, combining physiology measurements in the Langendorff model of the i solated beating heart with world-leading real-time small volume dosimetry. \nThe study was performed in Hutch 2B of the Imaging and Medical Beam Line (IMBL) of the Australian Synchrotron.\nThe acute physiological response o f the heart was measured for 60 minutes post-irradiation.\nWith no arrhyth mia or ventricle pressure drop\, results place the upper limit for normal functioning of the heart between 400 – 4\,000 Gy\n\nhttps://events01.syn chrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4232/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4232/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Data Constrained Modelling with multi-energy X-ray computed microt omography to evaluate the porosity of plasma sprayed ceramic coatings DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T071000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T071100Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4230@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Bruno Kahl (Swinburne University of Technology)\nCoa tings of the materials zirconium boride (ZrB2) and hydroxyapatite (HAp) un derwent X-ray micro-Computed Tomography (X-ray μ-CT) scanning at the Aust ralian Synchrotron. The Data Constrained Modelling (DCM) approach was used to reconstruct 3D models and assess porosity and void distributions. The results from the 3D analysis were compared to a 2D porosity and void distr ibution assessment\, determined from image analysis of the coatings. It wa s found that the 3D and 2D porosity quantifications were in moderate to go od agreement. The 3D porosity determined from the ZrB2-1 model\, 24.7%\, w as within the range determined from 2D analysis\, 22.1 ± 2.6%. Alternativ ely\, the 3D porosity determined from the HAp-1 model\, 22.8%\, was margin ally greater than the determined 2D porosity\, 19.8 ± 2.1%. However\, a c omparison of the 2D and 3D void distributions revealed that a 2D assessmen t poorly predicts the 3D microstructure of coatings and cannot be used to infer properties strongly dependent on the 3D void network. Furthermore\, the 3D analysis demonstrated the deficiencies in typical CT segmentation m ethods applied to data with a moderate CT resolution size of 5.4 μm. The DCM methodology can quantify fine-structure details below the resolution o f the performed CT and thus assess the multi-scale porosity and void netwo rks within atmospheric plasma spray (APS) deposited coatings. The superior DCM approach enabled the quantification of pores below the CT resolution limit and revealed that approximately 91.5% and 81.0% of the ZrB2-1 model and the HAp-1 models\, respectively\, would not have been accurately model led using typical CT segmentation methods.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron .org.au/event/146/contributions/4230/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4230/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Effect of different cladding alloys and grinding on residual stres s in laser clad light rail components using neutron diffraction DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T070900Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T071000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4229@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Ralph Abrahams (Monash University)\nOne of the great est challenges threatening Australia’s railway infrastructure is the rap id rate of rail degradation. Wear and rolling contact fatigue occur due to increasing speeds and tonnages of rollingstock\, requiring significant fu nding by the Australian government to maintain. Light rail is particularly susceptible to degradation due to low carbon steel used in tram switch bl ades.\n\nLaser cladding is a repair strategy which applies a metallic depo sition by melting a cladding powder with the substrate using a high energy laser. This process forms a metallurgical bonded layer whilst generating a heat affected zone (HAZ) containing a redistribution of residual stress due to phase changes and solidification shrinkage from the thermal inputs. \n\nDuring operation\, cyclic wheel-rail contact stress is superimposed on the residual stress leading to fatigue. The ability to accurately measure residual stresses non-destructively\, made possible using neutron diffrac tion\, is critical in experimentally obtaining stress data for fatigue ass essment. Laser cladding has been carried out on ex-service switch blades u sing a martensitic stainless steel and two Stellite alloys. A standard gri nding procedure has been performed to replicate the stress conditions expe rienced in-field after cladding repairs. \n\nStrain measurements were unde rtaken on the Kowari strain scanner at ANSTO to determine the tri-axial st ress across the cladding\, HAZ and substrate. The locations of the fusion boundary and HAZ have been identified through correlation of the stress\, microstrain and full width at half maximum profiles. These findings accomp any extensive evaluation of microstructure and mechanical properties to op timise laser cladding repairs in light rail components.\n\nhttps://events0 1.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4229/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4229/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Combating “fishy” seafood using nuclear techniques DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T070800Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T070900Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4225@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Karthik Gopi (UNSW)\nFood provenance is a global con cern due to rising instances of food fraud\, costing the global food indus try over 50 billion USD per annum and leading to consumers getting lower q uality produce. Seafood is a high value food product\, and the Australian seafood industry is worth 4 billion AUD by 2023. Most Australian seafood i s exported\, and complex supply chains can leave it susceptible to seafood fraud. Accurate and reliable methods of determining seafood provenance is necessary to deter fraud in the supply chain. While conventional techniqu es can be used for determining seafood provenance\, there is no single met hod that accurately determines both the geographic and production origin o f seafood.\n\nThis is where nuclear techniques can play a vital role\, the ANSTO led seafood provenance consortium has partnered with university\, i ndustry\, and government agencies to develop a method for determining seaf ood provenance using iso-elemental fingerprinting. This work also highligh ts the utilisation of ANSTO’s multi-platform analysis capabilities inclu ding x-ray fluorescence through Itrax\, accelerator-based ion beam analysi s and stable isotope analysis that allow provenance to be determined with >80% accuracy when combined with machine learning based models.\n\nThis re search is expected to provide the industry and regulatory bodies with an e ffective way of determining seafood provenance. Furthermore\, the iso-elem ents fingerprints are unique to each grower and has the potential to be us ed as a tool to protect their brands. It also ensures that the Australian export industry is protected and allow consumers to make informed decision s when purchasing seafood.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/14 6/contributions/4225/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4225/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Towards real-time analysis of liquid jet alignment in SFX DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T070700Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T070800Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4226@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jaydeep Jaydeep Patel (La Trobe University)\nSerial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) enables atomic scale imaging of protein structures via X-ray diffraction measurements from large numbers of small crystals intersecting intense X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) pulses. Sam ple injection typically involves continuous delivery of crystals to the pu lsed XFEL beam via a liquid jet. Due to movement of the jet\, which is oft en focused to further reduce its diameter using a gas virtual dynamic nozz le (GVDN)\, jet position is often adjusted multiple times during the exper iment. This can result in loss of beamtime and significant manual interven tion. Here we present a novel approach to the problem of liquid jet misali gnment in SFX based on machine vision. We demonstrate automatic identifica tion and classification of when there is overlap (‘hit’) and when ther e is not overlap (‘miss’) between the XFEL beam and jet. Our algorithm takes as its input optical images from the ‘side microscope’ located inside the X-ray hutch. This algorithm will be incorporated into the contr ol system at the SFX/SPB beamline at the European XFEL where it will be us ed for in-situ ‘alignment correction’ via a continuous feedback loop w ith the stepper motors controlling the location of the nozzle within the c hamber. Full automation of this process will result in a larger volume of useful data being collected. By increasing the efficiency and reducing the per experiment operational cost of SFX at the European XFEL a higher volu me of experiments can be performed. In addition\, via analysis of the feed back metrology we anticipate that optimised nozzle designs and jetting con ditions could be achieved further benefitting the end user.\n\nhttps://eve nts01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4226/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4226/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Comparison between calculated texture-derived velocities and labor atory measurements conducted on samples from a gold-hosting structure. DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T070600Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T070700Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4224@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Andre Eduardo Calazans Matos de Souza (Curtin Univer sity)\nMost lode gold deposits worldwide are associated with structures su ch as shear zones. Thanks to their capacity to couple resolution and depth of investigation\, seismic methods can identify these indirect indicators of mineralization and help extend gold exploration targets to greater dep ths. Rocks from shear zones are usually seismically anisotropic. Seismic a nisotropy is generally related to the intrinsic texture of the rock and th e presence of cracks at depth. Determining seismic anisotropy in relation to the texture of the rock\, and its evolution with depth (pressure) is th erefore necessary to help interpret exploratory seismic surveys. We report here the results of such a correlation conducted in the laboratory with r ock samples extracted from the Thunderbox Gold Mine in Western Australia. Four samples — including two from the shear zone — were selected to as sess the pressure and directional dependency of the P-wave velocities. In addition\, an independent texture analysis was carried out on the two samp les from the shear zone using the quantitative Neutron diffraction method. We then computed the texture-derived velocities using as inputs the miner alogy and texture of the samples. The good agreement between calculated te xture-derived velocities with experimental measurements shows that the tex ture of the shear zone samples is the main source of seismic anisotropy. T his study seeks to improve the understanding of the seismic response acros s mineral deposits that are structurally controlled by shear zones.\n\nhtt ps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4224/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4224/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Acidophilic iron- and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria driven primary min eral weathering and secondary mineral formation in Fe ore tailings DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T070500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T070600Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4222@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: QING YI (The University of Queensland)\nDirect phyto stabilisation of Fe ore tailings is typically unfeasible due to its harsh environment\, which includes strongly alkaline pH conditions\, deficient a vailable nutrients and organic matter and poor physical structure\, hinder ing microbial and plant colonisation. Eco-engineering Fe ore tailings into a soil-like substrate (or technosol) is an emerging technology to rehabil itate tailings landscapes sustainably\, involving a suite of abiotic and b iotic inputs (organic matter\, functional microorganisms and pioneer plant s). However\, the extreme alkalinity and the lack of secondary Fe-rich min erals are critical barriers to transforming Fe ore tailings into soil. \nU sing a microcosm experiment amendment with elemental sulfur (S0)\, Acidith iobacillus ferrooxidans demonstrated the capacity to generate acid that ne utralised alkaline tailings and accelerated primary mineral weathering\, i .e.\, technosol formation. [1] The effects of biological S0 oxidation on t he weathering of alkaline Fe ore tailings were examined using several high -resolution micro-spectroscopic techniques\, including synchrotron-based X -ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (XAFS) and electron microscopy . It is found that: 1) A. ferrooxidans inoculum together with S0 amendment facilitated fast neutralisation of the alkaline Fe ore tailings\; 2) A. f errooxidans activities induced Fe-bearing primary mineral (e.g.\, biotite) weathering and nano-sized secondary mineral (e.g.\, ferrihydrite and jaro site) formation\; 3) the association between bacterial cells and tailing m inerals were facilitated by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The behaviour and biogeochemical functionality of A. ferrooxidans in the taili ngs provide a fundamental basis for developing bacterial based technologie s towards eco-engineering tailings into a soil-like substrate for sustaina ble mine site rehabilitation.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event /146/contributions/4222/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4222/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Synchrotron Light for Exploring Arsenic Environments in Arsenian P yrite DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T070400Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T070500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4223@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Philip Forson (University of South Australia\, Futur e Industries Institute-STEM)\nSubstitution of arsenic in pyrite called ars enian pyrite is often accompanied by concentration of valuable metals such as gold in some deposits. In such mineralogical occurrence\, a concentrat ion-driven substitution of As encapsulating ‘pure’ pyrite is typical. Although knowledge of As substitution environment in pyrite is important i n determining surface characteristics\, and interactions in chemical proce sses such as oxidation\, they are widely varied in nature with paucity of information in existing literature. The current study employed synchrotron X-ray spectroscopy (SXPS)\, using tunable excitation energy to study vacu um-fractured surfaces of arsenian pyrite. SXPS As 3d of arsenian pyrite s uggest the existence of an As-As dimer in arsenian pyrite\, characterised by a shift in bulk binding energy to 0.6 eV lower than the As-S dimer of a rsenopyrite. Possible As cluster formation was also proposed. The high bin ding energy contribution at excitation energy of 100 and 210 eV were resol ved into two surface components that may have formed from possible surface reconstruction or polymerisation.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/ event/146/contributions/4223/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4223/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Ocean acidification alters the nutritional value of Antarctic diat oms DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T070300Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T070400Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4221@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Rebecca Duncan (University of Technology Sydney and UNIS Svalbard)\nThe cold waters of the Southern Ocean (SO) are acknowledge d as a major hotspot for atmospheric CO2 uptake and is anticipated to be o ne of first regions to be affected by Ocean acidification (OA). Primary pr oduction in the SO is dominated by diatom-rich phytoplankton assemblages\, whose individual physiologies and community composition are strongly shap ed by the environment\, yet knowledge on how diatoms allocate cellular ene rgy in response to OA is limited. Using Synchrotron based FTIR-Microspectr oscopy at the Australian Synchrotron\, we analysed the macromolecular cont ent of selected individual diatom taxa from a natural Antarctic phytoplank ton community exposed to a gradient of fCO2 levels (288 – 1263 µatm). W e found strong species-specific differences in macromolecular partitioning under OA. Larger taxa showed preferential energy allocation towards prote ins\, while smaller taxa increased both lipid and protein stores. Our stud y also revealed an OA-induced community shift towards smaller taxa and low er silicification rates at high fCO2. If these changes are representative of future Antarctic diatom physiology\, we may expect a shift away from li pid rich large diatoms towards a community dominated by smaller\, less sil icified taxa\, but with higher lipid and protein stores than their present -day contemporaries\, a response that could have cascading effects on food web dynamics in the Antarctic marine ecosystem.\n\nhttps://events01.synchr otron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4221/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4221/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Crystal Structures of Protic Ionic Liquids and their hydrates DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T070200Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T070300Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4219@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Michael Hassett (RMIT University)\nProtic Ionic Liqu ids (PILs) are a class of tailorable solvents made up of fused salts with melting points below 100 °C\, which are formed through a Brønsted acid-b ase reaction involving proton exchange[1]. These solvents have application s as lubricants\, electrolytes\, and many other uses[2]. Although they are quite similar to molten salts\, their crystal structures have not been ex plored in-depth\, with only ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) having a reported crystal structure[3\, 4].\nTen alkylammonium-based protic ionic liquids at both neat (\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contribution s/4219/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4219/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Structural basis of coronavirus E protein interactions with human PALS1 PDZ domain DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T070100Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T070200Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4218@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Airah Javorsky (La Trobe University)\nSARS-CoV-2 inf ection leads to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)\, which is associated with severe and life-threatening pneumonia and respiratory failure. Howeve r\, the molecular basis of these symptoms remains unclear. SARS-CoV-1 E pr otein interferes with control of cell polarity and cell-cell junction inte grity in human epithelial cells by binding to the PALS1 PDZ domain\, a key component of the Crumbs polarity complex. We show that C-terminal PDZ bin ding motifs of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 E proteins bind the PALS1 PDZ dom ain with 29.6 and 22.8 μM affinity\, whereas the related sequence from ME RS-CoV did not bind. We then determined crystal structures of PALS1 PDZ do main bound to both SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 E protein PDZ binding motifs. Our findings establish the structural basis for SARS-CoV-1/2 mediated sub version of Crumbs polarity signalling and serve as a platform for the deve lopment of small molecule inhibitors to suppress SARS-CoV-1/2 mediated dis ruption of polarity signalling in epithelial cells.\n\nhttps://events01.sy nchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4218/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4218/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Understanding the structural basis of TIR-domain assembly formatio n in TRAM- and TRIF- dependent TLR signalling DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T070000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T070100Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4215@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Mengqi Pan ()\nToll-like receptors (TLRs) detect pat hogens and endogenous danger\, initiating immune responses that lead to th e production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. At the same time\, TLR-mediat ed inflammation is associated with a number of pathological states\, inclu ding infectious\, autoimmune\, inflammatory\, cardiovascular and cancer-re lated disorders. This dual role of the pathways has attracted widespread i nterest from pharmaceutical industries. Cytoplasmic signalling by TLRs sta rts by their TIR (Toll/interleukin-1 receptor) domain interacting with TIR domain-containing adaptor proteins MyD88\, MAL\, TRIF and TRAM. Combinato rial recruitment of these adaptors via TIR:TIR domain interactions orchest rates downstream signalling pathways\, leading to induction of the pro-inf lammatory genes. Although many constituents of the TLR pathways have been identified\, the available information on their coordinated interactions i s limited. Such information is crucial for a mechanistic understanding of TLR signalling\, development of therapeutic strategies\, and understanding of the molecular basis of the consequences for human disease of adaptor p olymorphic variants. We have discovered that TIR domains can form large as semblies. We hypothesized that TIR domain signalling occurs through a mech anism involving higher-order assembly formation. In this study we aim to d etermine the molecular architecture of higher-order assemblies formed by T IR domains with a focus on TRAM-TRIF assemblies in the TLR4 and TLR3 pathw ay.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4215/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4215/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Biocompatible ionic liquids as designer solvents for the formation of non-lamellar lyotropic liquid crystalline nanoparticles as drug delive ry vehicles DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T065900Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T070000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4213@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Mohamad El Mohamad (RMIT university)\nIonic liquids (ILs) have emerged as a remarkable class of green solvents with unique cha racteristics\, and feasible task-specific tailoring of their properties. T he application of ILs has extended to facilitate amphiphile self-assembly. ILs not only support the self-assembly of amphiphiles\, they can also be used as designer solvents(1). \nLipid amphiphiles can assemble into a wide range of lyotropic liquid crystalline mesophases possessing unique highly ordered multidimensional structures. The bulk phases can be further broke n into nanoparticle dispersions (LCNPs)\,for examples cubosomes and hexoso mes\, that are characterised by their high surface to volume ratio. These particles are receiving growing interest due to their great potential as d rug delivery vehicles for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs(2). \nOur recent small angle X ray scattering (SAXS) results revealed a wide range of LCNPs such as cubosomes and hexosomes obtained in various biocompatible ILs-water solvents. A strong correlation exists between the pH of the sol utions and the adapted phases.\n\nReferences:\n1. Zhai\, J.\; Sarkar\, S.\ ; Tran\, N.\; Pandiancherri\, S.\; Greaves\, T. L.\; Drummond\, C. J.\, Tu ning Nanostructured Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Mesophases in Lipid Nanop articles with Protic Ionic Liquids. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Lett ers 2021\, 12 (1)\, 399-404.\n2. Zhai\, J.\; Fong\, C.\; Tran\, N.\; Drumm ond\, C. J.\, Non-Lamellar Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Lipid Nanoparticle s for the Next Generation of Nanomedicine. ACS Nano 2019\, 13 (6)\, 6178-6 206.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4213/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4213/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Characterisation of an Antimony-based Catalysts for Acid Water Oxi dation Catalysis – Insights through X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and th e challenges of multi-metal systems DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T065800Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T065900Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4211@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Brittany Kerr (Swinburne University of Technology)\n Electrochemical water splitting with a proton-exchange membrane electrolyt e provides many advantages for the energy-efficient production of high-pur ity dihydrogen in a sustainable manner\, but the current technology relies on high loadings of expensive and scarce iridium at the anodes\, which ar e also often insufficiently stable in operation. A common strategy to achi eve stability is to synthesise composite oxides composed of multiple compo nents\, for example [M]SbOx\, [M]PbOx\, [M]BiOx. Yet\, these materials pos e a challenge in that it is not well understand how the mixed metal works to stabilise the material under acidic conditions. The present work presen ts an efficient ruthenium antimony oxide (RuSbOx) electrocatalyst synthesi sed as a thin film on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO). Comprehensive physic al characterisation by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and transmissio n electron microscopy (TEM) reveals important insights into the structure and mechanism of the examined materials while simultaneously highlighting how structural effects\, such as disorder\, may impact the observation an d interpretation of EXAFS data.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/eve nt/146/contributions/4211/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4211/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Inelastic Neutron Scatterings Reveal Intense Ferromagnetic Fluctua tions Preceding Magnetoelastic First-Order Transitions in LaFe13−xSix DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T065700Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T065800Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4347@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Dehong Yu (Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation)\nFirst-order magnetic transitions are of both fundamental a nd technological interest. Of particular interest are giant magnetocaloric effects\, which are attributed to first-order magnetic transitions and ha ve attracted great attention for solid-state refrigeration applications. H ere\, we present a systematic study\, with inelastic and quasielastic neut ron scatterings\, on the lattice and spin dynamics in intermetallic LaFe11 .6Si1.4 and LaFe11.2Si1.8\, which represent one of the most classical gian t magnetocaloric systems and undergo first-order and second-order magnetic transitions\, respectively. While the two samples show similar spin-phono n coupling effect\, LaFe11.6Si1.4 exhibits a much stronger magnetic diffus e scattering in the paramagnetic state preceding its first-order magnetic transition\, correlating closely to picosecond ferromagnetic fluctuations. These dynamic insights suggest that the spin dynamics dominate the magnet oelastic transition and ferromagnetic fluctuations may be universally rele vant for magnetocaloric materials [1]. \n\n[1] Zhao Zhang\, et al. PHYSICA L REVIEW MATERIALS 5\, L071401 (2021).\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org .au/event/146/contributions/4347/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4347/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) structure and properties co rrelation to nucleic acid delivery DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T065600Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T065700Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4207@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Shakil Ahmed Polash (PhD candidate\, School of Scien ce\, RMIT University\, Melbourne\, Victoria 3000\, Australia)\nIn regenera tive medicine\, (intra)cellular delivery of genetic material can be used t o introduce functional copies of a gene that is defective and responsible for disease development. To avoid nuclease- and lysosome-mediated degradat ion of the gene\, drug delivery systems / carriers need to be developed. R ecently\, non-viral delivery systems are being developed\, such as microin jection\, or various chemical approaches (e.g. liposomes\, polymers\, lipi ds)\; due to their economical synthesis\, biocompatibility and ability to transfer a variety of genetic materials and gene editing tools.1 Zeolite i midazole framework (ZIF) is a well-studied non-viral polymeric delivery sy stem where coordination between Zn(II) and imidazolate forms a highly orga nised framework in aqueous solution. ZIFs offer advantageous physicochemic al properties for bio-delivery applications and have been shown to encapsu late a wide range of biomolecules\, including nucleic acids\, via biomimet ic mineralisation. Such ZIF-based delivery systems provide protection of t he gene cargo and were shown to result in endocytosis-mediated cellular up take. Further\, ZIFs degrade in the acidic microenvironments of cancer cel ls\, releasing their cargo at the target site.2\,3 Both cellular uptake an d release of ZIF encapsulated biomolecules are determined by the framework structure\, and its crystal phase. In our work\, a series of ZIF preparat ion methods are studied for the encapsulation of a circular plasmid. The r esulting ZIF structures are characterised via FTIR\, SEM\, synchrotron PXR D. The aim of this project is to establish structure–property relationsh ips to gene loading efficiency\, cellular uptake and cargo release profile s. \n\nReferences:\n1. Sung et al. 2019\, Biomater Res\, 23(1)\, 1-7\, doi : 10.1186/s40824-019-0156-z.\n2. Poddar et al. 2020\, Small\, 15(36)\, 190 2268\, doi: 10.1002/smll.201902268.\n3. Poddar et al. 2021\, Chem Com\, 56 (98)\,15406-15409\, doi: 10.1039/d0cc06241c.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotr on.org.au/event/146/contributions/4207/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4207/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Discovering peptide inhibitors against FtsY\, an antibiotic target DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T065500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T065600Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4204@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jennifer Zhao (University of Sydney)\nThe rapid rise of antibiotic resistance has caused an urgent demand for new antibiotics. One way to address this is by manipulating essential bacterial interactio ns not targeted by current antibiotics. The interaction between the Signal Recognition Particle (SRP) and its receptor (FtsY) is critical for cell v iability but is mediated by RNA:protein interactions in bacteria versus pr otein:protein interactions in eukaryotes. We have used a new technology kn own as RaPID (Randomised non-standard Peptide Integrated Discovery) to ide ntify cyclic peptides that bind to FtsY. Sequence enrichment was observed after seven rounds of selection and eight representative peptides were sel ected for further characterisation.\n \nTo determine whether the peptides can bind the intended RNA-binding interface on FtsY\, Nuclear Magnetic Res onance Spectroscopy (NMR) spectra were collected on 2H13C15N-FtsY produced by ANSTO. High deuteration level has facilitated good quality NMR spectra despite the large size of FtsY (35 kDa). In total\, ~220 amide groups wer e mapped onto the “fingerprint” 15N-1H-HSQC spectrum with >75% of back bone resonances assigned. Following peptide synthesis\, we will titrate se lected peptides into labelled FtsY for chemical shift perturbation experim ents. This will provide binding affinity data for the different peptides a nd enable the mapping of binding residues onto our previously solved cryst al structure. The highest affinity binders will be subjected to soaking an d co-crystallisation experiments with FtsY to further characterise the mod e of interaction. Taken together\, the data obtained will inform the futur e development of cyclic peptides into FtsY inhibitors with high affinity a nd specificity as potential antibiotic leads.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrot ron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4204/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4204/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Data processing technique for the Taipan Be-filter spectrometer DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T065400Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T065500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4346@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Kirrily Rule (ANSTO)\nTaipan\, the highest flux ther mal neutron scattering instrument at ACNS\, was originally built as a trad itional triple-axis spectrometer. In 2016 a beryllium filter analyser spe ctrometer was added for increased versatility. The Be-filter acts like a low-energy band-pass filter ideal for investigating lattice dynamics and m olecular vibrations over a wide energy range. It is particularly well suit ed to measuring the motion within materials containing light elements such as hydrogen.\nWe have successfully created a robust method of treating da ta from the Taipan filter-analyser and present the method within this post er [1]. The data-treatment process includes correction for the non-linear energy variation of a particular monochromator\, removal of higher-order w avelength contamination\, and estimation of low-energy multiple-scattering . The steps described here can be utilized by all users of the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation “Be-filter”—past\, prese nt\, and future.\n\n[1] G.N. Iles\, K.C. Rule\, V.K. Peterson\, A.P.J. Sta mpfl and M.M. Elcombe\, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 92\, 073304 (2021)\; doi: 10.10 63/5.0054786\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contribution s/4346/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4346/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Energy Storage Rocks: Metal Carbonates as Thermochemical Energy S torage Materials DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T065300Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T065400Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4199@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Kyran Williamson (Department of Physics and Astronom y\, Curtin University\,)\nThe intermittent nature of renewable energy is a major challenge that can be overcome via cheap and effective energy stora ge [1]. Thermochemical energy storage is an upcoming technology that can improve efficiency in applications such as concentrated solar power[2]. M etal carbonates have great potential as thermochemical energy storage mate rials\, through the reversible endo/exothermic desorption/absorption of ca rbon dioxide (CO2)[3]. However\, major challenges include the loss of cycl ic capacity and slow reaction kinetics[3].\nRecently\, it has been establi shed that raw unrefined dolomite\, CaMg(CO3)2\, performed significantly be tter than laboratory synthesized dolomite due to the positive effect of ch emically inert impurities present in the sample[4] However\, increasing it s relatively low operational temperature (550 °C) will improve efficiency [4]. The present research explores reactive metal carbonate composites\, w hich consist of barium carbonate destabilised using titanium (IV) oxide (T iO2) or barium silicate (BaSiO3)[5]. This reduces the operating temperatur e from 1400 °C to\, more suitable temperatures of 1100 °C and 850 °C\, respectively\, and improves kinetics of CO2 release and uptake. The reacti ons are explored using in situ synchrotron XRD combined with a variety of other characterisation techniques.\n[1] T. Sweetnam and C. Spataru\, in St oring Energy\, edited by T.M. Letcher (Elsevier\, Oxford\, 2016)\, pp. 501 –508.\n[2] C. Prieto\, P. Cooper\, A.I. Fernández\, and L.F. Cabeza\, R enew. Sustain. Energy Rev. **60**\, 909 (2016).\n[3] L. André\, S. Abanad es\, and G. Flamant\, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. **64**\, 703 (2016).\n[4 ] T.D. Humphries\, K.T. Møller\, W.D.A. Rickard\, M.V. Sofianos\, S. Liu\ , C.E. Buckley\, and M. Paskevicius\, J. Mater. Chem. A **7**\, 1206 (2019 ).\n[5] K.T. Møller\, K. Williamson\, C.E. Buckley\, and M. Paskevicius\, J. Mater. Chem. A **8**\, 10935 (2020).\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.o rg.au/event/146/contributions/4199/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4199/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Investigation of the Diffusion of Cr2O3 into different phases of T iO2 upon Annealing DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T065200Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T065300Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4196@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Abdulrahman Alotabi (Flinders University)\nChromium oxide (Cr2O3) can be used as a protective layer for photocatalysts to impr ove photocatalytic water splitting activity and is commonly photodeposited . However\, it is not known how the conditions of the Cr2O3 formation affe ct the formation of the protective layer and potential diffusion into the substate onto which the Cr2O3 has been deposited. We have investigated the stability of Cr2O3 photodeposited onto the surface of different crystal p hases of TiO2 with subsequent annealing at a range of temperatures up to 6 00⁰C. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and synchrotron near-edge X-ray a bsorption fine structure were used to analyse the chemical composition of the sample\, Neutral impact collision ion scattering spectroscopy was used to study the concentration depth profile of the elements in the sample an d atomic force microscopy was used to investigate the morphology of the su rface. Under annealing conditions\, the Cr2O3 layer diffuses into the amor phous and anatase phases of TiO2 but remains at the surface of the rutile phase. This finding is attributed to differences in surface energy with Cr 2O3 being higher in surface energy than the amorphous and anatase phases o f TiO2 but lower in surface energy than the rutile phase of TiO2. Reductio n of Cr2O3 to Cr metal was observed after annealing with no observation of the formation of higher oxidised forms of chromium oxide like CrO2 and Cr O3. These findings are of general interest to researchers utilising a prot ective overlayer to augment photocatalytic water splitting.\n\nhttps://eve nts01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4196/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4196/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Chain alignment and charge transport anisotropy in blade-coated N2 200/PS blend films DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T065100Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T065200Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4195@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Lin-jing Tang (Monash University)\nSemiconducting po lymers offer the potential of low-cost flexible electronics. To improve th e processability and mechanical flexibility of semiconducting polymers\, b lending with commodity polymers is an attractive strategy. Understanding h ow blending affects the resulting microstructure in aligned samples produc ed by directional coating techniques such as blade coating is important to optimize device performance. This presentation will discuss the microstru cture of blade-coated blends of the semiconducting polymer N2200 with poly styrene (PS) using a range of techniques. In particular\, we have investig ated the degree of alignment of chains of the semiconducting polymer N2200 at the surface and in the bulk. UV-vis spectroscopy and surface-sensitive NEXAFS spectroscopy show that blade coating induces the preferential orie ntation of N2200 chains parallel to the coating direction. Angle-dependent NEXAFS enables the averaged tilt angle of the planar backbone of N2200 to be determined\, revealing improved edge-on configuration at the surface w ith reduced N2200 content. By deconvoluting the spectra of N2200/PS blend film\, the concentration of N2200 at the surface was determined\, showing its tendency of segregating at the surface. Another synchrotron-based tech nique\, grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) was used to selectively probe the crystalline phase of N2200. The GIWAXS results conf irm the directional alignment of N2200 crystallites with backbone stacking direction to be parallel to the coating direction. From the analysis of c rystallite orientation (texture)\, a transition from preferential face-on orientation to edge-on orientation at low N2200 content was seen. Finally\ , charge transport anisotropy was investigated by measuring organic field- effect transistors based on blade-coated N2200/PS blend films with conduct ive channel length parallel or perpendicular to the coating direction.\n\n https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4195/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4195/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Exploring Amine-based MOFs for Electrochemical Water Splitting DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T065000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T065100Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4191@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jade Ang (Monash University)\nElectrochemical water splitting is one of the widely studied routes to developing sustainable en ergy systems. Energy in the form of hydrogen has been gaining attention si nce it can be easily converted\, stored\, and transported. In order to imp rove efficiency\, an electrocatalyst will be needed to aid the slow kineti cs of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) process. Metal-organic framework s (MOFs) or porous coordination polymers (PCPs) are generally considered t o have inferior electrocatalytic performance relative to noble metal oxide s\, however\, in this study using a 2D Co-framework of 1\,4\,7-tris(4’-m ethylbiphenyl-4-carboxylic)-1\,4\,7-triazacyclononane deposited onto nicke l foam has shown a promising catalytic activity. The fabricated electrode with a loading of 0.25 mg cm-2 has shown a low overpotential of 259 mV at the current density of 20 mA cm-2 in alkaline conditions. The electrochemi cal stability of the electrode was evaluated and showed continuous electro lysis with no decay for several hours at room temperature. These initial r esults not only provide a good design for fabricating MOF-based catalysts but also opens up more ideas for tuning and enhancing the electrochemical performance of amine-based MOFs.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/ev ent/146/contributions/4191/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4191/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Spin Dynamics\, Critical Scattering and Magnetoelectric Coupling M echanism of Mn$_4$Nb$_2$O$_9$ DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T064900Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T065000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4190@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Guochu Deng (Australian Nuclear Science and Technolo gy Organization)\nThe spin dynamics of Mn$_4$Nb$_2$O$_9$ were studied by u sing inelastic neutron scattering. A spin-dynamic model is proposed to exp lain the observed spin-wave excitation spectrum. The model indicates that the exchange interactions along the chain direction are weakly ferromagnet ic while the exchange interactions between the neighbour chains are strong ly antiferromagnetic. Such a antiferromagnetic configuration in the hexago nal plane cause spin frustration with a spin gap of about 1.4 meV at the z one centre. The Mn$^{2+}$ ions in this material demonstrate a very weak ea sy-axis single-ion anisotropy. Critical scattering in the vicinity of T$_{ N}$ was studied. On the basis of the magnetic structure and spin-dynamic m odels\, the weak magnetoelectric coupling effect in Mn$_4$Nb$_2$O$_9$ is ascribed to the weak magnetostriction due to the subtle difference between Mn$^{2+}$ ions on the Mn$_{I}$ and Mn$_{II}$ sites.\n\nhttps://events01.s ynchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4190/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4190/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Diffuse Scattering Studies from a Martensitic Fe-Pd Alloy DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T064800Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T064900Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4189@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Trevor Finlayson (University of Melbourne)\nFrom lit erature reports\, Fe-Pd alloys in the vicinity of Fe-30at%Pd exhibit two m artensitic transformations on being cooled from just above room temperatur e to about 100 K. A preliminary study of a large single crystal of this co mposition at the KOALA beamline\, not only showed evidence for these trans formations but also revealed most interesting satellite reflections around certain Bragg spots. The crystal was then studied further in two triple-a xis experiments. The first was at TAIPAN\, specifically to study elastic s cattering and the second\, at SIKA\, to study quasi-elastic scattering bot h in the vicinity of certain Bragg peaks but also around the satellite ref lections observed at KOALA. During a parallel experiment to the SIKA one\, an ideally small piece of the crystal was studied at KOALA but the intere sting satellites found for the large crystal were not present. As a result \, in a further experiment on the large crystal at KOALA\, completed in ea rly 2021\, diffraction patterns were collected with the aim of surveying t he whole of the large crystal\, particularly in the vicinity of the edge f rom which the ideally small crystal piece had been extracted by electro-di scharge machining. The results from this last experiment will be summarise d and discussed in relation to the earlier triple-axis and KOALA results.\ n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4189/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4189/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Taipan – a versatile thermal neutron scattering instrument for m aterials research. DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T064700Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T064800Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4345@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Kirrily Rule (ANSTO)\nLocated on the OPAL reactor fa ce\, Taipan is the highest flux\, thermal neutron scattering instrument at ANSTO. Originally\, Taipan was built as a traditional triple-axis spectr ometer for inelastic neutron scattering studies with energy transfers up t o 70meV. Since its inclusion in the ANSTO user program in 2010\, Taipan h as undergone a number of upgrades and improvements\, including new shieldi ng\, new primary optics and the installation of a Cu-monochromator extendi ng energy transfers up to 200meV. An additional secondary spectrometer\, the Be-filter analyser\, was also developed and integrated in 2015\, offer ing a new way to measure excitations and vibrations in polycrystalline mat erials.\nThis poster will present some recent highlights at Taipan – bot h as a TAS\, and a Be-filter analyser spectrometer.\n\nhttps://events01.sy nchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4345/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4345/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:A multi-analyser upgrading possibility for the thermal-neutron tri ple-axis spectrometer Taipan DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T064600Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T064700Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4187@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Guochu Deng (Australian Nuclear Science and Technolo gy Organization)\nTaipan is a high-flux thermal-neutron triple-axis spectr ometer with a traditional single-detector design. Taipan has been working as the work horse for inelastic neutron scattering experiments at ACNS for the last ten years\, generating numerous beautiful scientific highlights. Following the trend of the neuron instrumentation\, it is interesting to consider the future upgrade of Taipan to increase its data acquisition eff iciency with a multi-analyser design. In this research\, the possibility o f upgrading Taipan into a multi-analyser triple-axis spectrometer is discu ssed. The simulation of the 21 analyser channels with a 2 degree gap in-b etween is demonstrated. The simulated result shows that the data acquisiti on efficiency can be substantially enhanced on Taipan and the multi-analys er design is also very suitable for magnetic diffraction measurement at th e low Q range.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributi ons/4187/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4187/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Complex Coacervates as encapsulation system DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T064500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T064600Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4182@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Sunandita Ghosh ()\, Andrew Whitten (ANSTO)\, Jitend ra Mata (ANSTO)\nComplex coacervates are oppositely charged self-assembled biopolymers such as proteins and polysaccharides. They can be used both a s a delivery system of bioactive materials\, and for improving the structu ral and textural functionalities of the final food products. The functiona lities of the coacervates are dependent on their microstructures\, which a re determined on a case-by-case basis depending on the combination of prot ein\, polysaccharide\, and bioactive. The encapsulation approach developed in this work incorporates the binding of the bioactives to proteins prior to forming complex coacervates with pectin. This was compared to the coac ervate structures formed without the bioactives.\nStructural characterizat ion using SANS showed that protein-bioactive complexes could effectively s elf-assemble with pectin to form complex coacervates making them suitable to be considered as effective encapsulating systems that can used as value added products such as fat and meat analogous.\n\nhttps://events01.synchr otron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4182/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4182/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Demonstrated enantioselective adsorption with cobalt 1D coordinati on polymers DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T064400Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T064500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4180@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Winnie Cao (Monash University)\nChiral coordination polymers have recently been explored as potential stationary phases for en antioselective separations.1 However\, the chiral resolution ability of no n-porous coordination polymers is not often tested. \n\nIn this work\, two chiral 1D cobalt coordination polymers have been synthesised with an amin o acid functionalized diimde ligand. The coordination polymers\, which hav e little free pore space\, have been tested for their chiral resolution ab ilities with 1-phenylethanol. Coordination polymer 1 shows a preference fo r one enantiomer over the other in both soaking experiments and preliminar y ‘mini columns’\, whereas a second structurally similar polymer shows no enantioselectivity thus far. Analyses are currently underway to furthe r probe the chiral separation ability of the systems.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\ n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nReferences\n1 Turner\, D. R.\, Chirality in Network Solids. In Chirality in Supramolecular Assemblies: Ca uses and Consequences\, Keene\, R. F.\, Ed. 2016\n\nhttps://events01.synch rotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4180/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4180/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Platypus Neutron Reflectometer DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T064300Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T064400Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4179@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Stephen Holt (Australian Nuclear Science and Technol ogy Organisation)\nPLATYPUS is the initial neutron reflectometer at the Au stralian Centre for Neutron Scattering with a capability to study surfaces and interface systems ranging from biomolecules\, soft matter through to magnetic thin films [1-3]. There have been a number of significant improve ments to both the instrument and data reduction and treatment software [4] over the last two years. On the hardware front the original detector has been replaced [5] enabling higher count rate capabilities\, greater detect ion efficiency at shorter wavelengths and significantly lower background. The slits which define the neutron beam have been replaced with upgraded p ositioning mechanisms enabling greater flexibility in experimental setup. These changes have significantly enhanced the instrument performance with improved reproducibility.\n\n[1] M. James et al.\, J. Neutron Research 14\ , 91 - 108 (2006) \n[2] M. James et al.\, Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Phy sics Research A\, 632\, 112 - 123 (2011) \n[3] T. Saerbeck et al.\, Rev. S ci. Instrum. 83\, 081301 (2012) \n[4] A. Nelson et al.\, J. Appl. Crystall ography\, 52\, 193 - 200 (2019)\n[5] L. Abuel et al.\, Journal of Neutron Research\, 23(1)\, 53 – 67\, (2021).\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org .au/event/146/contributions/4179/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4179/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Structural basis of the Trichoplax adhaerens Scribble and Dlg inte ractions with the PDZ-binding motif of Vangl DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T064200Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T064300Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4203@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Janesha Maddumage (1Department of Biochemistry and G enetics\, La Trobe University)\nMaintenance of multicellular tissue archit ecture is conserved process which is regulated by a highly\nconserved set of proteins. The interacting partners of these regulators are also conserv ed across the\nanimal kingdom. Scribble and Dlg are two such key polarity regulators that involve in the establishment\nand maintenance of multicell ular apical-basal cell polarity in epithelial cells. These are scaffolding \nproteins bearing multiple PDZ domains that mediate most of their interac tions. Complex multicellular\norganisms evolved from the simple primitive forms\; therefore\, we examined Scribble and Dlg mediated\ncell polarity i n the simplest metazoan living on earth\, Placazoa\, Trichoplax adhaerens. Despite its\nextreme simplicity\, Trichoplax contains all polarity regula tors that are fundamental to instruct the body\nplans in higher animals\; thus\, making it an ideal candidate to use as a polarity studying model. W e now\nshow biochemically that a key interaction for the establishment of cell polarity between Scribble and\nDlg PDZ domains and Vangl in mammals i s fully recapitulated in Trichoplax. We found that Scribble\nPDZ1\, PDZ2 a nd PDZ3 interact with Vangl with affinities comparable to the human intera ction\, with\na similar hierarchy in affinities. We also found that all th ree PDZ domains of Dlg interact with Vangl\nwith no hierarchy of their aff inities. We then show using crystal structures of Scribble PDZ1\, PDZ2 and \nDlg PDZ1\, PDZ2 bound to the C-terminal PDZ binding motif of Vangl that in addition to the binding\naffinities\, the detailed interactions between Scribble/Vangl and Dlg/Vangl are also conserved at the\natomic level betw een Trichoplax and human.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146 /contributions/4203/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4203/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Enhancing synchrotron modulated Microbeam Radiation Therapy in viv o with novel high Z nanoparticles DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T064100Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T064200Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4205@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Sarah Vogel (University of Wollongong)\nWith limited improvement in brain cancer patient survival in the last 30 years\, the s earch for a treatment strategy that is targeted and effective continues. T his study is harnessing the unique properties of synchrotron radiation for anti-cancer radiotherapy. The Imaging and Medical Beamline (IMBL) at the ANSTO Australian Synchrotron (AS) offers the possibility to perform pre-cl inical synchrotron radiation trials using extremely high dose-rates\, spar ing normal tissue whilst delivering large doses to the tumour site. This s tudy focused on patient specific treatments combining Microbeam Radiation Therapy (MRT) with novel high Z nanoparticles (NPs)\, and was the largest rodent survival study utilising nanoparticle enhancement ever undertaken a t AS. Thulium oxide NPs (Z=69) are a promising sensitising and imaging age nt with limited cytotoxicity and proven synchrotron enhancement. 32 Fische r 344 rats were inoculated with 9L gliosarcoma in the right caudate nucleu s of the brain. 11 days later\, the rats were imaged with Computed Tomogra phy (CT) to locate the tumour in relation to bony anatomy. The following d ay\, nanoparticles were injected directly to the tumour of each rat. Using the CT scans\, the rats were aligned in-beam\, and a bolus was placed ove r the irradiation site. One radiation fraction was given to different trea tment groups at valley doses of 8\, 14 or 15Gy\, with a radiation field of 8mm by 8mm and microbeams produced using the 4T magnet and Al/Al filtrati on. Utilising a heavily improved oedema protocol\, seizure symptoms and ad verse events immediately post MRT were significantly reduced. Overall surv ival compared to rodents with MRT alone was found to be improved when cons idering the tumour to brain volume.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au /event/146/contributions/4205/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4205/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Getting better statistics: variable count time data collection wit h large linear detectors. DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T064000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T064100Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4374@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Matthew Rowles (Curtin University)\nX-ray diffractio n data are normally collected with a fixed count time (FCT) per step. With this data\, the intensities of the diffraction peaks decrease with increa sing angle\,primarily due to the effects of atomic scattering factors\, Lo rentz-polarisation\, atomic displacement parameters\, and absorption. In d iffractometers with point or small linear detectors\, these changes can be counteracted by systematically varying the counting time as a function of diffraction angle.This variable-count-time (VCT) approach has been shown to produce data of superior quality for structure determination and refine ment\, as all peaks have similar intensities\, allowing them to contribute equally\nto the analysis process.\n\nWith the advent of large linear dete ctors\, the ability to change the counting time as a function of angle has been removed. A computer program has been written to construct a VCT diff raction pattern by the progressive summation of a series of conventional F CT diffraction patterns. This approach extends the collection of VCT data to large linear detectors\, where traditional VCT is impossible. The progr am can also be used to simulate the construction process as an aid in expe rimental planning. An example application is given.\n\nhttps://events01.sy nchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4374/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4374/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:ADS-1 and ADS-2: New high-energy X-ray beamlines at the Australian Synchrotron DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T063900Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T064000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4370@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Josie Auckett (Australian Synchrotron)\nEight new be amlines are currently under design or construction at the Australian Synch rotron as part of the BRIGHT project. Included among them are the Advanced Diffraction and Scattering beamlines\, ADS-1 and ADS-2\, which will offer high-energy X-rays (45-150 keV) for a variety of diffraction\, imaging an d tomography experiments. ADS will benefit users from the materials\, mine rals and engineering research communities who wish to study bulky or stron gly absorbing samples and/or perform *in situ* measurements using complex sample environments. We present an update on the progress of the ADS proje ct\, including the latest design features of the two beamline endstations and the planned range of experimental capabilities.\n\nhttps://events01.sy nchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4370/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4370/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:ATOS-GOM structured light 3D scanner\, replacement new for old or intriguing possibilities! DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T063800Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T063900Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4364@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Mark Reid (ANSTO)\nThe ATOS-GOM structured light 3D scanner is a replacement for the laser scanner previously used on the Kowa ri instrument. In addition to outlining its operation\, this talk will add ress some exciting possibilities this new piece of equipment brings to the Kowari instrument.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contr ibutions/4364/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4364/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Current Facilities on the Soft X-ray Beamline DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T063700Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T063800Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4362@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Bruce Cowie (ANSTO)\nThe soft X-ray beamline at the Australian Synchrotron has been operating with users since 2008. The beaml ine offers three different systems for users\; A full Ultra High Vacuum su rface science system with Nexafs and Photo-emission capabilities\, an Angl e Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy (ARPES) system operated with La Tro be University and a High Throughput system exclusively for Nexafs but with vacuum pressure restrictions relaxed from UHV to lie in the 10-7 to 10-8 mbar range. The current specific capability of all three instruments will be presented.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributi ons/4362/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4362/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Kowari residual stress diffractometer DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T063600Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T063700Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4361@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Mark Reid (ANSTO)\nKowari is a residual stress diffr actometer which can be used for ‘strain scanning’ of large engineering components as large as one ton. The integrity of engineering components o ften depends on strains and stresses inside the material. For example\, ra ils can fail if stresses exceed the ‘ultimate tensile stress’.\n\nhttp s://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4361/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4361/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Recent highlights from the Pelican spectrometer DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T063500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T063600Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4360@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Richard Mole (ANSTO)\, Dehong Yu (Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation)\nThe cold-neutron time-of-flight spe ctrometer Pelican has been in operation since 2014. Pelican is well suite d to the measurement of quasielastic and inelastic scattering in the low e nergy region\, as a result Pelican is sensitive to many phenomena includin g self-diffusion of molecular species\, low energy phonons\, crystal field excitation's and spin waves. While use of the neutron energy gain portio n of the spectrum allows the detailed measurement of the phonon density of states. The spectrometer is well equipped with a wide range of sample en vironment which allows measurements in applied magnetic fields\, milli Kel iven temperatures and applied pressure. In this contribution we will show results from recent publications highlighting the diverse science and app lication of the Pelican spectrometer.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org. au/event/146/contributions/4360/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4360/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Fusion Peptide Interactions with the Lipidic Cubic Phase DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T063400Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T063500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4209@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Izabela Milogrodzka (Monash University)\nDespite the fact that membrane fusion is a key step in many biological processes\, th e underlying mechanism still remains elusive. The bicontinuous cubic phase s are a perfect medium for the delivery of therapeutic proteins owing to t heir enhanced solubility\, sustained release and reduced toxicity. It has been suggested that the fusion event of viruses is tightly regulated by sp ecialized fusion proteins which are responsible for protein-lipid interact ions or protein-protein interactions. The fusion components of enveloped v iral fusion involve viral proteins that insert hydrophobic sequences into the target membrane and refold to drive merging of the lipid bilayers whic h can be utilized to enhance drug delivery. By using high throughput metho dology to prepare and characterize viral fusion peptide interactions based on lipid composition\, our study has revealed that the N-terminal charge of the viral fusion peptide has a significant effect on lattice parameter of the cubic phases. Induced curvature depends on peptide concentration bu t the mechanism was observed to be viral dependent. We investigated the ph ase behaviour which represents its fusion function and bilayer destabilizi ng effect\, upon encapsulation in bicontinuous cubic phases with and witho ut phospholipid using synchrotron SAXS. We also used TOF-SANS and contrast -matching of the lipid membrane to investigate the phase behaviour of the mixed lipid systems. This is crucial for better understanding of the funda mental physiochemical parameters of the lipid mesophase in response to pep tide encapsulation and dependency of the peptide structural conformation.\ n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4209/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4209/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Scientific computing support for neutron scattering experiments at ANSTO DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T063300Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T063400Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4357@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: RAMZI KUTTEH (ANSTO/ACNS)\nThe purpose of the scient ific computing support at ANSTO is to aid in the interpretation of both st ructural and dynamical data from the neutron scattering instruments using atomistic modelling calculations. Most of these calculations are done with ab initio scientific software packages based on Density Functional Theory \, including VASP\, WIEN2K\, ABINIT\, SIESTA\, PHONON\, and QUANTUM ESPRES SO\, although some are performed with packages based on classical force fi elds\, such as LAMMPS\, DL_POLY\, NAMD\, and GULP. Analysis of the results of these calculations exploits tools such as VMD\, NMOLDYN\, XCRYSDEN\, a nd ISAACS\, in addition to in-house code. Calculations and analysis are ca rried out locally on a scientific computing Linux cluster comprising both ACNS dedicated cores and ANSTO shared ones\, with jobs managed by PBS. We give a brief overview of all of the above capabilities and an example of a typical calculation/analysis.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/even t/146/contributions/4357/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4357/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Status\, statistics\, and recent research highlights from Echidna DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T063200Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T063300Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4356@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Max Avdeev (Australian Nuclear Science and Technolog y Organisation\, Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering)\, James Hester (ANSTO)\, Chin-Wei Wang (NSRRC)\nThe Echidna high-resolution powder diffra ctometer remains a reliable and productive ACNS instrument contributing an nually to about 50 published studies done on a wide range of topics\, from magnetic\, energy and planetary materials to cultural heritage and additi ve manufacturing. We will discuss how Echidna has been affected by COVID-1 9 measures\, latest and planned developments\, user programme statistics\, and recent research highlights.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/ev ent/146/contributions/4356/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4356/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Full Hemisphere Photoemission Using the Toroidal Analyser DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T063100Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T063200Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4355@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Anton Tadich ()\nThe toroidal analyser at the Austra lian Synchrotron is an angle-resolving photoelectron spectrometer capable of mapping the full hemisphere of emitted photoelectrons from a sample. T his measurement capability is unusual amongst conventional photoelectron s pectrometers\, and permits a number unique techniques for the electronic a nd structural characterization of surfaces. This presentation will detail the operating principles of the spectrometer\, with particular reference t o the angular detection geometry\, and will describe the three modes of fu ll hemisphere photoemission (i) Fermi Surface Mapping (ii) Molecular Tomog raphy and (iii) Photoelectron Diffraction.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron .org.au/event/146/contributions/4355/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4355/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:EMU cold-neutron backscattering spectrometer at ACNS\, ANSTO DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T063000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T063100Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260722T162132Z UID:indico-contribution-1299-4352@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Alice Klapproth (ANSTO)\nEMU is the high-resolution neutron spectrometer installed at the OPAL reactor\, ANSTO\, which deliver s 1 µeV FWHM energy transfer resolution for an accessible ±31 µeV energ y transfer range. The spectral resolution is achieved by neutron backscatt ering from Si (111) crystals on the primary and secondary flight paths\, a llowing up to 1.95 Å-1 momentum transfer range. The spectrometer is well for suited quasi-elastic and inelastic neutron scattering studies\, notabl y in the field of soft-condensed mater including biophysics and polymer sc ience\, chemistry and materials science\, and geosciences. \nMost experime nts are carried out with standard cryo-furnaces (2 to 800 K temperature ra nge). Spectrometer beam-time access is merit-based\, thus welcoming experi ments as well in other materials research areas\, and including experiment s that may require e.g.\, other ancillary equipment such as existing contr olled-gas delivery\, and potentially pressure\, applied field set-ups\, et c. We will present examples of the spectrometer capabilities through selec t case studies.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contribut ions/4352/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4352/ END:VEVENT END:VCALENDAR