BEGIN:VCALENDAR VERSION:2.0 PRODID:-//CERN//INDICO//EN BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:SAXS investigation of protic ionic liquid-water mixtures\, and the ir application to protein crystallisation DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T042500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T044000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4298@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Tamar Greaves (RMIT University)\nProtic ionic liquid s (PILs) are cost efficient “designer” solvents which can be tailored to have properties suitable for a broad range of applications. PILs are al so being combined with molecular solvents to enable more control over the solvent environment\, driven by a need to reduce their cost and viscosity. This also leads to greater biocompatability. \nIn this presentation I wil l discuss our ongoing work into designing PIL solvents for proteins\, with a focus on lysozyme as a model protein 1. We have recently been using SAX S to explore the effect of PILs on lysozyme from dilute to neat IL concent rations in water. This naturally leads to a discussion on the difficulties in obtaining SAXS data of proteins in viscous media\, and of analysis the data where the solvent is also nanostructured. However\, despite these ch allenges\, we are beginning to develop design rules which can be used to s elect ILs for specific applications. \nOne application that we are develop ing PIL solvents for is in protein crystallisation. We have used MX1&2 dat a to solve lysozyme crystal structures with 7 PILs present. Preliminary re sults will be presented where we have used SAXS to monitor the initial sta ges of lysozyme crystallisation in PIL-water solutions\, using ethylammoni um nitrate as the PIL.\n\n\n\n1. Qi\, H.\; Smith\, K. M.\; Darmanin\, C.\; Ryan\, T. M.\; Drummond\, C. J.\; Greaves\, T. L.\, Lysozyme conformation al changes with ionic liquids: spectroscopic\, small angle x-ray scatterin g and crystallographic study. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 202 1\, 585\, 433-443.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contri butions/4298/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4298/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Microstructure and residual stress interactions in metal additive manufacturing: post-build assessment and new in-situ methods DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T055500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T061000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4332@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Halsey Ostergaard (University of Sydney)\nLayer-wise addition of metal to directly form components or add coatings via laser p owder bed fusion (LPBF) or laser directed energy deposition (DED) can gene rate very high levels of residual stress which affect component durability if not adequately addressed. These techniques also result in novel\, non- equilibrium microstructures\, sometimes with desirable features\, that int eract with traditional residual stress relief and microstructure manipulat ion heat treatments. \n\nIn LPBF nickel superalloy 718\, neutron diffracti on was used to demonstrate that a complex residual stress state can persis t through a non-recrystallising heat treatment at 960 ºC plus subsequent ageing. The same treatment has been previously shown to relieve residual s tresses and promote grain growth in conventionally manufactured material. This discrepancy is attributed to the presence of nano-scale intercellular precipitates and a large concentration of existing dislocations\, both co nsequences of the LPBF process\, which act to impede recrystallisation and creep processes. The residual stress state is shown to influence the long -crack fatigue threshold at low stress ratios. Higher temperature annealin g successfully relieved residual stresses but resulted in recrystallisatio n and grain growth which reduced the yield stress. \n\nTo further explore residual stress and phase evolution during additive manufacturing\, an in- beamline laser DED capability is being developed at ANSTO for both neutron and synchrotron use.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/con tributions/4332/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4332/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Medium Energy Spectroscopy (MEX) - Opportunities for Microspectros copy DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T005000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T010500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4328@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Simon James (ANSTO Australian Synchrotron)\, Simon P ocock (ANSTO)\nThe medium energy range offers unique opportunities for syn chrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy across the sciences. In parti cular\, the K-absorption edges of alkali and alkali earth elements\, *e.g. * K and Ca\, *s*-group elements\, *e.g.* S\, P and Se\, along with *d*-blo ck elements\, *e.g.* Mn\, Fe\, Cu all fall within this energy range. As do various L- and M-edges for heavier elements\, e.g. Pb and U. The nascent Medium Energy X-ray Spectroscopy (MEX) beamlines will access these edges a nd offer unique opportunities to study the local structure\, speciation\, and chemistry of compounds and systems critical to biological\, environmen tal\, geological and industrial processes. \n\nTypically\, characterisatio n of specific metal-ligand species requires isolation of the complex\, nec essitating disruption of native systems despite the attendant risk of redi stribution and loss of chemical context. Despite the confounding potential of typical preparation methodologies\, the tools available to coordinatio n chemistry *in situ* have remained limited. The continuing synergy betwee n synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) and X-ray absorpti on near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy represents a powerful new anal ytical approach for studying chemistry in context.\n\nUsing illustrative e xamples and highlighting particular techniques\, this presentation will in troduce one of MEX's major end stations\, the scanning X-ray fluorescence microprobe ($\\mu$MEX). To be installed on the MEX1 beamline\, operating b etween 2 and 13.6 keV and focusing X-rays into a spot\, less than 5 micron s in diameter $\\mu$MEX will offer unique opportunities for synchrotron-ba sed X-ray microspectroscopy. To date\, the scarcity of such optimised faci lities leaves many exciting scientific questions to be explored though suc h measurements also involve unique experimental challenges.\n\nhttps://eve nts01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4328/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4328/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Deuteration at the NDF: facility overview and update on diversity of capabilities\, user program and impact. DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T024000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T025500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4329@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Karyn Wilde (National Deuteration Facility\, ANSTO)\ nDeuteration can provide contrast and improved resolution to assist invest igations into the relationship between molecular structure and function of molecules of both biological and synthetic origin. Molecular deuteration of organic compounds and biomolecules increases options available in chara cterisation and complex structure function investigations using neutron sc attering and reflectometry\, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)\, mass spect rometry (MS) and other techniques and also creates functional materials wi th superior properties in life sciences\, pharmaceutical and advanced tech nology applications. \nThe National Deuteration Facility (NDF) at the Aust ralian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) has the special ised expertise and infrastructure to deliver deuteration through both biol ogical and chemical molecular deuteration techniques to provide for a rang e of experimental and research applications that benefit from availability of custom deuterated molecules. The NDF has developed a suite of capabili ties supporting researcher and industry access to a diversity of molecules . Capabilities include production of isotopically labelled proteins (varia bly deuterated\, multiple-labelled - 2H\, 13C\, 15N) and cholesterol-*d45* through bacterial recombinant expression and bio-engineered yeast growth respectively and catalysed 1H/2H exchange and chemical synthesis of a wide range of small organic molecules using tailored deuteration approaches to provide bespoke deuterated molecules generally unavailable commercially. This includes a range of deuterated lipids\, unsaturated phospholipids (e. g. POPC and DOPC)\, surfactants\, ionic liquids\, fatty acids and detergen ts. Availability of these molecules widens the breadth of systems that can be investigated with applications across multiple research fields.\nAn ov erview and update on the NDF will be provided including details on the NDF User Program and modes of access\, capability advancements and brief high lights of research enabled through utilisation of deuterated molecules pro duced by the NDF.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contrib utions/4329/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4329/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Pressure-dependent changes in Zr coordination in silicate liquid: in vs. ex situ measurements DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T055000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T060500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4301@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Nicholas Farmer (Macquarie University)\nChanges in t he coordination of elements in silicate melts as a function of pressure im pact their geochemical behaviour and are key to understanding processes su ch as planetary differentiation. Questions persist as to the extent to whi ch the coordination environment of elements in silicate melts at high pres sure and temperature can be preserved in glasses recovered to ambient cond itions.\n\nThe only method to unambiguously measure the coordination envir onment of trace elements in a silicate liquid at high pressure is via *in situ* measurements such as x-ray absorption spectroscopy\, preferably in l arge volume apparatus that can simulate the environment of the upper mantl e such as the Macquarie D-DIA apparatus. These measurements are difficult and only possible at a handful of facilities worldwide\, so most experimen tal data are derived from *ex situ* measurements of recovered glasses.\n\n We made Zr K-edge XANES measurements *in situ* at conditions simulating th e mantle\, showing a pressure-dependent change consistent with an earlier *ex situ* study on samples recovered from piston-cylinder experiments in w hich glasses were annealed close to their glass transition temperature (Bu rnham et al. 2019). We plan further XAS experiments measuring samples reco vered from our *in situ* experiments to determine the differences between quenched glasses\, annealed glasses\, and *in situ* measurements.\n\nWe pr opose that changes in Zr XANES correspond to an increase in the coordinati on number of Zr with pressure. This could explain previously observed chan ges in Zr solubility at high pressure not predicted by current models\, an d changes in Zr olivine/melt partition coefficients at mantle pressures.\n \nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4301/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4301/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Completing the library of amino-acid neutron structures DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T080000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T080100Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4350@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Garry McIntyre (Australian Nuclear Science and Techn ology Organisation)\nAccurate neutron structures of the 20 naturally occur ring amino acids that are the building blocks of proteins are key to inves tigations of polymorphism\, condensed-phase NMR analysis\, periodic densit y-functional-theory calculations\, as restraints in X-ray protein refineme nts\, and as initial structures in the computer modelling of proteins. Th e first 16 members of the family were determined in the 1970s by groups at Brookhaven National Laboratory and the Indian Atomic Energy Laboratory\, but the last four proved to be elusive due to the lack of single crystals large enough for the monochromatic neutron diffractometers of the time. S tate-of-the-art reactor-based neutron Laue diffractometers\, such as Koala on OPAL\, allow high-precision structural investigations of single crysta ls with volumes around 0.1 mm3. This opens the door to completing the libr ary of high-precision amino-acid neutron structures.\n\nHere we describe v ariable-temperature studies of three naturally-occurring amino acids using Koala\, L-leucine [1] which is one of the four missing members and the tw o polymorphs of L-histidine. The data on the orthorhombic form of L-histi dine greatly improve on the precision of a previous monochromatic neutron study. The second\, monoclinic\, form has been studied with neutrons for the first time [2]. Both studies were complemented by interaction-energy calculations using the Pixel method\, and\, for L-histidine\, Hirshfeld At om Refinement against X-ray data at the same temperatures. The resulting n eutron structures yield geometric parameters with sufficient precision and accuracy for inclusion in restraint libraries of macromolecular structure refinements.\n\nThe search continues for neutron-quality crystals of L-is oleucine\, L-methionine and L-tryptophan.\n\n[1] J. Binns et al. Acta Crys t. B72 (2016) 885.\n[2] G. Novelli et al. Acta Cryst B. In press.\n\nhttps ://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4350/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4350/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:High crystallinity nitrogen doping of ALaTiO4 and A2La2Ti3O10 (A = Na¬+\, K+) photocatalysts DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T075900Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T080000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4384@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Junwei Junwei Li (The University of Sydney)\nGlobal warming is a current hot topic due to its potential for irreversible envir onmental damage. Ambitions were made within the Paris agreement to limit t he temperature rise to be below 1.5 ºC pre-industrial level. Therefore\, alternative fuel sources are needed to replace fossil fuel\, with hydrogen gas is one popular choice due to its high energy density per unit weight\ , and technologies utilising hydrogen already developed. Hydrogen can be g enerated renewably by sunlight driven\, photocatalytic water-splitting. Me tal oxides\, including those with a Ruddlesden-Popper type structures are being studied as potential photocatalysts. KLaTiO4 is a n=1 Ruddlesden-Pop per type layered perovskite. KLaTiO4 can be used as a Hydrogen Evolution C atalyst (HEC)\, producing 9.540 μmol of H2 gas per hour from 20 mg of cat alyst\, when using methanol as sacrificial electron donor and platinum co- catalyst. The main issue of KLaTiO4 is its high bandgap (4.09 eV) meant it is incapable of absorbing visible light.\nThe two main factors important for the synthesis of ALaTiO4 and A2La2Ti3O10 (A = Na¬+\, K+) was discusse d: volatility of alkaline metal ions at elevated temperatures and sinterin g temperature. Multiple samples of NaLaTiO4 or Na2La2Ti3O10 were made usin g traditional solid-state synthesis methods at temperature between 750 °C to 950 °C. Bandgap was tuned by doping nitrogen into the structure of AL aTiO4 during the synthesis process\, as opposed to replacing oxygen atoms with nitrogen by post treatment of ALaTiO4. This was achieved by replacing a portion of TiO2 reagent used for TiN\, and the sample was synthesised a s normal. The resultant ALaTiO4-xNx¬ sample retained good crystallinity a nd have reduced bandgap\, but at a cost of reduction in hydrogen evolution rate.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4384 / LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4384/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:KOALA 2: making a good instrument better! DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T075800Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T075900Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4375@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Alison Edwards (ACNS\, ANSTO)\, Ross Piltz (ACNS\, A NSTO)\nAt the time that the KOALA Laue single-crystal neutron diffractomet er came into service at ANSTO\, a review of VIVALDI\, the progenitor instr ument at the ILL led to its deletion from their User program. Against thi s background\, we were seeing a dearth of single-crystal neutron studies p ublished in the literature. To our joy\, in usage\, we found the instrum ent to be readily applicable to the problems which our future users had id entified in the planning workshops for the first suite of neutron beam ins truments at ANSTO. A User base has been built which has resulted in a ste ady flow of rapidly cited publications across a wide range of journals - f ocussed on reaching the optimum scientific audience.\nKOALA is a copy of t he ILL instrument VIVALDI purchased from the same vendor\, and outside the standardisation of construction which has underpinned the reliability of the ANSTO neutron beam instrument suite. At ten years use\, spare parts b ecame a significant issue\, and a review of the control systems revealed that the cost of refitting the existing instrument approached the cost of building a replacement instrument. The decision to build KOALA2 has provi ded opportunities to optimise the initial design with significant operatio nal enhancements. COVID has meant that we were initially on track to achi eve the instrument implementation in mid 2022 (component issues now mean t his will be late 2022)\, and we will continue to operate KOALA 1 until KOA LA 2 is ready to install.\nAs time permits we will outline the range of sc ience available and the enhancements KOALA 2.0 will bring.\n\nhttps://even ts01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4375/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4375/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Current and future capabilities of the IRM beamline at the Austral ian Synchrotron\, and guidance on applying for use of the facility. DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T075700Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T075800Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4373@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Mark Tobin (ANSTO)\nInfrared (IR) spectroscopy provi des information on the chemical composition of materials\, based on the ab sorption of infrared light by the vibrating bonds within molecular groups. IR microspectroscopy\, using synchrotron light as the infrared source\, enables this analysis to be performed on samples as small as 1 – 2 $\\mu $m in size\, with a sensitivity not possible in the laboratory. ANSTO’s synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy (IRM) beamline is equipped with a suite of accessories to enable the study of a diverse range of materials. This includes a sample heating and cooling stage\, micro-compression cell s for improved IR light transmission of dense materials\, a liquid flow ce ll for the study of living organisms in a natural environment\, and grazin g angle optics for the analysis of thin film coatings on surfaces. The IR M beamline also has several attenuated total internal reflection (ATR) acc essories that have been used for the study of challenging materials such b iofilms\, carbon fibre\, leaf surfaces and battery materials\, where a thi n section of the sample can not be prepared. More recent developments on the IRM beamline include the use of polarisation optics to determine molec ular orientation in materials and operation with a far-IR detector to exte nd the spectral range to 260 cm-1. Future plans for the IRM beamline inclu de the motorisation of additional functions to assist with mail-in experim ents and\, in the longer term\, the additional of nano-IR capability to th e experimental endstation. Scientists interested in accessing the IRM beam line are encouraged to contact the IRM beamline team to discuss their rese arch proposals.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contribut ions/4373/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4373/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Do reduced aggregation and crystallinity really help to improve th e photovoltaic performance of terpolymer acceptors in all-polymer solar ce lls? DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T075600Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T075700Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4369@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Doan Vu (Monash University)\nTerpolymerization is a widely used method to control crystallinity of the semiconducting polymers which has been exploited to improve the photovoltaic performance of all-p olymer solar cells (all-PSCs). Applying this strategy to the well-studied n-type polymer acceptor PNDI2OD-T2\, different amounts of 3-n-octylthiophe ne (OT) are used to partially replace the bithiophene (T2) unit\, resultin g in three newly-synthesized terpolymer acceptors PNDI-OTx where x = 5%\, 10%\, or 15%. Another copolymer\, namely PNDI2OD-C8T2\, consisting of naph thalene diimide (NDI) copolymerised with 3-n-octylbithiophene (C8T2) is al so synthesized for comparison. The experimental X-ray characterizations su ggest that the molecular orientation of π-conjugated backbone in PNDI-OTx is slightly impacted and thin film crystallinity is systematically tuned by varying x\, evidenced by near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEX AFS) and grazing incidence wide angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) measuremen ts\, respectively. However\, the photovoltaic performance of all-PSCs base d on J71:PNDI-OTx and J71:PNDI2OD-C8T2 blends are much lower than that of the reference J71:PNDI2OD-T2 system. Extensive morphological studies sugge st that reduced crystallinity is likely to have a little influence on vert ical phase separation and crystallinity of resulting blends as revealed by peak fits from NEXAFS and GIWAXS experiments. However\, the reduced cryst allinity is detrimental for morphology of the blend films\, with coarser p hase separation found in J71:PNDI-OTx and J71:PNDI2OD-C8T2 blends compared to J71:PNDI2OD-T2 blends\, confirmed by resonant soft X-ray scattering. T he results here challenge the common view that reduced crystallinity is th e key parameter in controlling the morphology for enabling high-performing all-PSCs.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/ 4369/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4369/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:A high-temperature furnace for MEX DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T075500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T075600Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4188@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Emily Finch (Australian Synchrotron)\nThe Medium Ene rgy X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (MEX) Beamline at the Australian Synchro tron is currently being commissioned and is due to start running user expe riments in the second half of 2022. \nThe facility will provide a series o f specialised sample environments for users to conduct in situ measurement s of important scientific processes. One of these sample environments will be a high-temperature furnace\, which will provide users with world-class experimental conditions and bring MEX in line with the capabilities of ot her synchrotron facilities. \nBased on the requirements specified by users in a 2020 survey of the Australian Synchrotron user community\, the furna ce will be designed to heat samples to ̴ 500 – 1500 °C\, and will be compatible with a range of gases\, including He\, N2\, CO2\, O2\, CO\, and Ar.\nThe high-temperature\, controlled-atmosphere experimental conditions that such a furnace will provide are useful in Earth science for examinin g processes occurring in silicate melts\, emulating conditions in the Eart h’s crust. Some of the processes occurring at crustal conditions can onl y be observed in situ\, rather than in the quenched products of experiment s. \nThe furnace will also be useful in materials science and chemistry fo r examining the behaviour of metals at high temperatures in a controlled a tmosphere.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/ 4188/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4188/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Stability and Applications of Model Membranes DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T075400Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T075500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4184@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Alex Ashenden (Flinders University)\nBiological cell membranes are a critical component of all living organisms. The cell memb rane is a semi-permeable lipid bilayer controlling movement of ions and ot her molecules from one of the cell side to the other\, and is primarily ma de up of amphiphilic lipid molecules.\n \nOur research group has previousl y developed a model system whereby a lipid bilayer is tethered to a solid supporting structure. The resulting tethered-bilayer lipid membranes (tBLM s) are highly stable in aqueous solution and the tethering region provides a reservoir under the bilayer to allow protein incorporation and minimise bilayer/substrate interactions. In the presence of an aqueous solution tB LMs have been shown to be stable for periods as long as multiple weeks wit h only minor degradation.\n\nThis project is focused on understanding the effects that drying a model membrane out can have on its structure. This w ork is important for better understanding the water retention properties o f tBLMs in order to determine their suitability for use in biosensing\, wh ere they may not be able to be completely submerged in solution\, and whet her additional protective coatings may be necessary to improve retention. Similar work has already been performed on other model systems such as bla ck lipid membranes\, but only tentatively in the field of tBLMs. \n\nElect rochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has been used to model changes in membrane structure through the rehydration process as well as the resultin g functionality\, with neutron reflectometry approved to be performed in f uture to determine more layer-specific effects.\n\nhttps://events01.synchr otron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4184/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4184/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Medium Energy Spectroscopy (MEX) – The spectroMEX High Resolutio n Crystal Spectrometer DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T075300Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T075400Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4371@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jeremy Wykes (Australian Synchrotron)\nThe MEX1 beam line high resolution crystal spectrometer\, spectroMEX\, comprises a Johan n-type point-to-point focusing geometry crystal spectrometer employing fiv e spherically bent crystals on a 0.5 m diameter Rowland circle. The primar y application of spectroMEX is high energy resolution fluorescence-detecte d (HERFD) XANES\, wherein fluorescence XANES is collected with an energy r esolution of the order of the core-hole lifetime broadening. HERFD XANES s pectra contain additional spectral information when compared to convention al fluorescence or transmission XANES. spectroMEX also facilitates collect ion of high quality x-ray emission spectroscopy data\, including the weak\ , but chemically sensitive valence-to-core emission lines (vtc-XES). This talk will describe the spectroMEX spectrometer design\, progress to date\, and present examples of the new spectroscopic techniques available to syn chrotron users employing spectroMEX at the MEX1 beamline.\n\nhttps://event s01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4371/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4371/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Jaws caught on the IMBL DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T023000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T024500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4264@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Daniel Hausermann (Australian Synchrotron (ANSTO))\n Maturational changes in feeding behaviour among sharks are associated with increased mineralisation of the teeth and jaws\, but this relationship ha s only been demonstrated in a few species. Large\, highly mobile shark spe cies are rarely available for detailed anatomical study\, despite their im portance for ecological health and widespread interest among the general p opulation. We examined the crania\, jaws\, and teeth of two great white sh arks (Carcharodon carcharias)\, a 2.3 m juvenile and a 3.2 m young adult.\ n\nThe CT scans used a 230 keV (mean energy) polychromatic beam from the 4 Tesla wiggler\, with a filtration of 6mmAl\, 6mmCu\, 3mmMo and 3mmPb. The detector was a Teledyne-Dalsa Xineos 3030HR with 100µm pixels\, a width of 300mm\, and a 1mm CsI converter for high efficiency at high energy. Ima ge noise was reduced by collecting 18\,000 projections per rotation to del iver an image quality good enough to segment out different tissue types. W ith a beam size of 300mm x 35mm\, the shark head was covered by ‘tiling ’\, and stitching the tiles\, with the full-head image made up of two co lumns and 21 tiles\, to image a 600mm x 520mm area. Total scan time was 9 hours.\n\nThe heads were also imaged using conventional CT and 7 Tesla MRI for finite element modelling of bite forces produced by the jaw musculatu re. These results will be compared with measurements of the difference in mineralisation of tooth and jaw cartilage between the two specimens to ass ess developmental changes in tooth and jaw hardness as the animals shift t heir diets from largely fish-based (juvenile) to larger prey\, such as sea ls\, scavenged whales and surfers (adults).\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotro n.org.au/event/146/contributions/4264/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4264/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Automation of liquid crystal phase analysis for SAXS DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T054000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T055500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4285@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Stefan Paporakis (RMIT)\nLyotropic liquid crystal ph ases (LCPs) are widely studied for diverse applications\, including protei n crystallization and drug delivery. The structure and properties of LCPs vary widely depending on composition\, temperature and pressure. Therefore \, high-throughput structural characterisation\, such as small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS)\, is important to cover meaningfully large compositiona l spaces. Currently there are well established methods for high-throughput LCP synthesis using automated methods\, and for high throughput SAXS data collection with synchrotron sources. However\, high-throughput LCP phase analysis for SAXS data is currently lacking\, particularly for patterns co ntaining multiple phases. Using SAXS data\, we have developed a high throu ghput LCP phase identification procedure. The accuracy and time-saving cap abilities of the identification procedure were validated on a total of 668 diffraction patterns for the amphiphile hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromid e (CTAB)\, in 53 acidic or basic solvents containing ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) or ethanolammonium nitrate (EtAN). The thermal stability ranges and lattice parameters for the obtained LCP systems showed equivalent accurac y to manual analysis. A time comparison demonstrated that the high through put phase identification procedure was over 20 times faster than manual an alysis. We then applied the high throughput identification procedure to 33 2 diffraction patterns of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in the same EAN and EtAN based solvents to produce previously unreported phase diagrams that exhibit phase transitions between hexagonal\, lamellar\, primitive cubic a nd diamond cubic LCPs. The accuracy and significant time decrease of the h igh throughput identification procedure validates a new\, unrestricted ana lytical method for the description of LCP phase transitions.\n\nhttps://ev ents01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4285/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4285/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Understanding Order and Correlation in Liquid Crystals by Fluctuat ion Scattering DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T052500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T054000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4382@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jack Binns (RMIT University)\nCharacterising the sup ramolecular organisation of macromolecules in the presence of varying degr ees of disorder remains one of the challenges of macromolecular research. Discotic liquid crystals (DLCs) are an ideal model system for understandin g the role of disorder on multiple length scales. Consisting of rigid arom atic cores with flexible alkyl fringes\, they can be considered as one-dim ensional fluids along the stacking direction and they have attracted atten tion as molecular wires in organic electronic components and photovoltaic devices.\n\nWith its roots in single-particle imaging\, fluctuation x-ray scattering (FXS) is a method that breaks free of the requirement for perio dic order. However\, the interpretation of FXS data has been limited by di fficulties in analysing intensity correlations in reciprocal space. \n\nRe cent work has shown that these correlations can be translated into a three -and four-body distribution in real space called the pair-angle distributi on function (PADF) – an extension of the familiar pair distribution func tion into a three-dimensional volume. The analytical power of this techniq ue has already been demonstrated in studies of disordered porous carbons a nd self-assembled lipid phases.\n\nHere we report on the investigation of order-disorder transitions in liquid crystal materials utilising the PADF technique and the development of facilities for FXS measurements at the Au stralian Synchrotron.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/con tributions/4382/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4382/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Insight into the Variations of ABO4 Structures: Combined Experimen tal and Computational Studies DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T051000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T052500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4297@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Bryce Mullens (University of Sydney)\nThe developmen t of carbon-neutral energy-generation is critical to combatting climate ch ange. One such technology is the development of next-generation ion conduc tors for solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). SOFCs offer a more efficient meth od of extracting energy from hydrogen or hydrocarbon fuels than current co mbustion engines due to their one-step chemical process. However\, a bottl eneck to the large-scale uptake of SOFCs is the poor performance of the co nducting electrolytes that separate the anode from the cathode. Various $A B\\text{O}_{4}$ structures have recently been proposed as solid electrolyt e candidates in SOFCs\, with increased high-temperature ionic conductivity being measured in chemically doped LaNbO$_{4}$. However\, the various pha se transitions of these materials within the operational temperature of SO FCs makes them non-ideal.\n\nTo understand the effects of chemical doping on the structure and electrochemical properties\, several complex $AB\\tex t{O}_{4}$ structures have been investigated. In this work\, we present the solid-solution series $Ln$(Nb$_{1-x}$Ta$_{x}$)O$_{4}$ (*Ln* = La-Lu). Usi ng a combination of synchrotron X-ray and neutron powder diffraction metho ds\, these studies have revealed several anomalies across the series. The structures appear to be sensitive to the size of the *Ln* cation and their synthesis conditions\, with a difference in ionic conduction performance being observed. This experimental data has been further reinforced by grou nd state energy calculations performed using density functional theory. Th is is a landmark accomplishment that has not been previously used in simil arly studied structures. These insights can be used in the development and engineering of novel and advanced electrolyte materials for SOFCs.\n\nhtt ps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4297/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4297/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Influencing lipid hydrolysis by minute molecular changes DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T045500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T051000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4292@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Livia Salvati Manni (University of Sydney)\nDesigner lipid colloids are being increasingly studied for the delivery of drugs a nd nutrients. These nanoparticles can have different internal nanostructur es and different lipidic composition. Cyclopropanated derivatives of commo nly used monoacylglycerols show substantial differences in self-assembled structures\, and formations of nanostructured nanoparticles. Most remarkab ly\, small differences in the hydrophobic tail affect the packing of the l ipids\, sufficient to alter the availability of the lipid headgroups to be hydrolysed by interfacial enzymes. We employed small angle X-ray scatteri ng and acid/base titration at the Australian Synchrotron SAXS/WAXS beamlin e to monitor the nanostructural changes during hydrolysis and the digestio n rate. These fundamental characteristics are of interest for the smart de sign of lipidic nanoparticles for drug or nutrients delivery.\n\n\nSalvati Manni L. et al. (2021) J. Colloid Interface Sci. 588\, 767-775\n\nhttps:/ /events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4292/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4292/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Stimuli Responsive Switchable Chemical Sensors DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T044000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T045500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4287@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Carol Hua (University of Melbourne)\nThe development of real-time\, highly sensitive chemical sensors for the detection of ver y low analyte concentrations is of significant interest and importance for monitoring levels of harmful chemicals in the environment. The unique pro perties of the rare-earth metals enables sharp and narrow luminescent sign als to be obtained. The incorporation of rare-earth ions into sensor syste ms offers significant advantages for enhancing the sensor response\, allow ing greater discrimination between chemical analytes. \n\nCoordination pol ymers (CPs) and Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline materials containing inorganic nodes bridged by multidentate ligands. The high poros ity and tunability of CPs enable the systematic modification of pore chemi stry and size. Tailored pore environments can be designed\, making these m aterials well-suited to act as chemical sensors. Rare-earth coordination p olymers remain relatively less explored than transition metal coordination polymers due to their higher coordination numbers and unpredictable coord ination environments. Reports of rare-earth coordination polymers containi ng a redox-active ligand are still relatively scarce in the literature des pite the potential they present for enhanced chemical sensing and the deve lopment of magnetic and switchable materials.\n\nThis presentation will di scuss the synthesis and properties of an isostructural series of rare-eart h coordination polymers containing a redox-active viologen ligand. The vio logen moiety is able to undergo a reversible one electron reduction upon e xposure to a light or electrochemical stimulus. The electrochemical\, phot ochromic and sensing ability of the materials will be discussed and their potential for application in the development of chemical sensors highlight ed.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4287/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4287/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:How Do Ion Specific Effects Operate in Ionic Liquids? DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T010500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T012000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4299@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Joshua Marlow (University of Sydney)\nRecent work ha s found that the identity of a surfactant's counter-ion can affect the cri tical micelle concentration\, and the size and shape of resultant micelles in ionic liquid (IL) and choline-based deep eutectic solvents.[1\,2] This indicates the presence of ion specific effects for micellisation in these neoteric solvents despite their high ionic strength.[3] This project exam ines this phenomenon further\, by investigating a range of choline salts ( chloride\, bromide\, and nitrate) in different nitrate-based ILs (ethylamm onium\, propylammonium\, and ethanolammonium nitrate) *via* measurements t aken on the Small Angle Neutron Diffractometer for Amorphous and Liquid Sa mples (SANDALS) beamline at ISIS. These results bring new insight into how ion specific effects can exist in high ionic strength neoteric solvents\, and the parameters involved in controlling this surprising phenomenon.\n\ n(1) Dolan\, A.\; Atkin\, R.\; G. Warr\, G. The Origin of Surfactant Amph iphilicity and Self-Assembly in Protic Ionic Liquids. Chemical Science 201 5\, 6 (11)\, 6189–6198. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5SC01202C.\n(2) Sanchez -Fernandez\, A.\; S. Hammond\, O.\; J. Edler\, K.\; Arnold\, T.\; Doutch \, J.\; M. Dalgliesh\, R.\; Li\, P.\; Ma\, K.\; J. Jackson\, A. Counteri on Binding Alters Surfactant Self-Assembly in Deep Eutectic Solvents. Phys ical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2018\, 20 (20)\, 13952–13961. https://do i.org/10.1039/C8CP01008K.\n(3) Warr\, G. G.\; Atkin\, R. Solvophobicity an d Amphiphilic Self-Assembly in Neoteric and Nanostructured Solvents. Curre nt Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science 2020\, 45\, 83–96. https://doi .org/10.1016/j.cocis.2019.12.009.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/e vent/146/contributions/4299/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4299/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Investigating the interactions of monoolein liquid crystals with h uman microbiomes DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T005000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T010500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4296@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jonathan Caukwell (The University of Newcastle)\nLip id-based liquid-crystals are biocompatible nanomaterials offering selectiv e and ‘smart’ drug-release properties which are an emerging technology in the research and development pipeline. Over the last decade\, research on these nanomaterials has focused on their behaviour in response to phys icochemical phenomena and after loading with pharmaceutical cargo. Over th e next decade\, research aims to address our lack of understanding about h ow these prospective drug-carriers are influenced by physiological environ ments. This study explored members of the human microbiome as a potential candidate. Bacterial species which inhabit popular sites of drug administr ation were mixed with monoolein cubosomes and bulk cubic phase gels. The e ffects on liquid crystal structure and drug release profile were examined using benchtop and synchrotron SAXS\, cross-polarized light microscopy\, a nd fluorescence measurements. Particle mixing with bacterial cell membran e components induced a transformation to hexagonal structure\, consistent with the transfer of bacterial phospholipids to the matrix. Similarly\, ex posure to the representative skin bacteria S. aureus induced the transform ation to hexagonal structure after 8 hours. S. aureus exposure also reduce d the rate of hydrophilic dye release from bulk monoolein cubic phase over a similar timeframe. This transformation was consistent with an increase in oleic acid content by lipolysis of monoolein by lipase. This research d emonstrates the influence that bacteria can have on the structure and drug release properties of monoolein liquid-crystalline drug-delivery systems. These findings are hoped to inform future research throughout the develop ment of these prospective drug-carrier nanomaterials for healthcare applic ations and commercially viable products.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.o rg.au/event/146/contributions/4296/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4296/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Deuterated Phospholipids to Study the Structure\, Function and Dyn amics of Membrane Proteins Using Neutron Scattering DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T003500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T005000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4290@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Rao Yepuri (Australian Nuclear Science and Technolog y Organisation)\nContrast matching and contrast variation in neutron scatt ering provide unparalleled power for understanding the structure\, functio n\, and dynamics of a selected component in a multicomponent system. A sop histicated contrast study often requires the availability of deuterated mo lecules in which deuterium atoms are introduced in a predictable and contr olled fashion to replace protons. This can be achieved by direct deuterati on of precursors followed by custom chemical synthesis\, for which experti se and capabilities have been developed at facility (NDF)\, ANSTO.\nIt thi s paper we will discuss recent high impact research output using deuterate d phospholipids produced by NDF/ANSTO. We will describe the synthesis and applications of selectively or perdeuterated unsaturated phospholipids to contrast match out the whole lipid bilayer or nano disks within a multicom ponent system. Further\, we also describe their role in investigations rel ated to membrane lipoproteins (ApoE) exchange in relation to lipid unsatur ation\,[1] effect of membrane composition\,[2] and conformational analysis Mg+2 channel by neutron scattering techniques.[2\, 3] \n\nReferences: \n 1. Waldie\, S.\, et al.\, Lipoprotein ability to exchange and remove lipid s from model membranes as a function of fatty acid saturation and presence of cholesterol. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids\, 2020. 1865(10): p. 158769.\n2. Waldie\, S.\, et al.\, ApoE and ApoE Nascent-Like HDL Particles at Model Cellular Membranes: Effe ct of Protein Isoform and Membrane Composition. Frontiers in Chemistry\, 2 021. 9(249).\n3. Johansen\, N.T.\, et al.\, Mg2+-dependent conformational equilibria in CorA: an integrated view on transport regulation. bioRxiv\, 2021: p. 2021.08.20.457080.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/1 46/contributions/4290/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4290/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Self-assembly of surfactants in protic ionic liquids DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T002000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T003500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4289@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Sachini Kadaoluwa Pathirannahalage (RMIT University) \nProtic ionic liquids (PILs) are the largest known solvent class capable of promoting surfactant self-assembly. However\, PILs are increasingly use d as mixtures with molecular solvents\, such as water\, to reduce their co st\, viscosity and melting point\, and the self-assembly promoting propert ies of these mixtures are largely unknown. Here we investigated the critic al micelle concentration (CMC) of ionic and non-ionic amphiphiles in two i onic liquids\, ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) and ethanolammonium nitrate (Et AN)\, to gain insight into the role of solvent species\, and effect of sol vent ionicity on the self-assembly process. The amphiphiles used were the cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)\, anionic sodium octanoate sulfate (SOS)\, and the non-ionic surfactant tetraethylene glycol monodode cyl ether (C12E4). Surface tensiometry was used to obtain the CMCs and fre e energy parameters of micelle formation\, and Small angle x-ray scatterin g (SAXS) was used to characterise the micelle shape and size. For CTAB\, t he trend in the CMC observed indicated that at low concentrations of the P IL\, the ionic liquids acted as free ions\, decreasing the CMC due to char ge screening effects. This effect was not observed in C12E4 due to its neu tral overall charge. Micelle formation of the anionic amphiphile was found to be more complex than initially hypothesised in ionic liquids. It was d iscovered that EtAN\, the less cationic ionic liquid was able to facilitat e self-assembly of SOS\, whereas in EAN mixtures micelles could not be con firmed. The findings from this study gives insight into how solvent intera ctions are modified from solvents rich in water to rich in a PIL.\n\nhttps ://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4289/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4289/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:High viscosity injector effects on the phase behaviour of lipidic cubic phase DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T000500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T002000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4286@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Daniel Wells (La Trobe University)\nIn serial crysta llography of membrane protein crystals\, high-viscosity flow injectors del iver micron-sized crystals to the x-ray beam. The protein crystals are oft en injected embedded in the lipidic cubic phase (LCP) media\, monoolein (M O)\, in which they were grown. The self-assembled structure of this media is easily impacted by the performance of the injector\, e.g. pressure and gas flow surround the sample injection. However\, it is not yet well under stood how the continuous injection impacts the phase of the monoolein and how this influences the sample stream stability. In the present work\, we report on observations of the structure of MO/water and MO/buffer mixtures during continuous flow injection at atmospheric pressure and in vacuum. T hese observations include x-ray diffraction data taken at the Australian S ynchrotron (AS) and the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS)\, as well as op tical polarisation measurements. We observe the coexistence of a cubic pha se and lamellar phase within the sample stream. The lattice parameters are stable over typical changes in reservoir pressure that occur during injec tor operation. While the degree to which the lamellar phase is formed is f ound to depend strongly on the co-flowing gas used to stabilise the lipid stream. We further observe sharp transitions between diamond cubic and gyr oid cubic phases that do not correlate with changes in pressure applied to the reservoir. In vacuum\, we observe the coexistence of the gyroid cubic \, the diamond-cubic and the lamellar phase simultaneously. The existence of LCP and lamellar phase at the experimental temperature\, 26 degC and pr essure ranges within the reservoir is unexpected and we investigate this o bservation using optical imaging.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/e vent/146/contributions/4286/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4286/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Molecular binding and exchange between model membranes and biologi cally relevant lipid assemblies DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T234500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T000500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4283@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Marité Cárdenas (Malmö University and Nanyang Tec hnological University)\nModel cellular membranes are often used to underst and the interactions with biomolecules and nanoparticles[1]\, but the effe cts of such interactions go beyond molecular binding and include processes such as biomembrane restructuring and molecular exchange that may lead to changes in the structure and composition of the interacting nanoparticles .\nHere I will present our most recent work aiming at increasing the under standing of the role of biomembrane structure and composition on the funct ion of lipoproteins. Lipoproteins are nanoemulsion-like particles composed of fats and proteins (apolipoproteins).[2] The complexity of lipoproteins is great\,with different amounts and types of fats and proteins. We use lipoproteins from human healthy adults and look systematically at their ca pacity to exchange lipids as a function of membrane composition. We find t hat membrane charge\, level of unsaturation in the acyl tails and presence of cholesterol all regulate lipoprotein function[3]–[5]. We also show s ignificant differences in the exchange capacity of synthetic lipoproteins reconstituted with a single apolipoprotein type[6].\nFurther\, we show tha t the incubation with SARS CoV2 Spike proteins affects the exchange capaci ty of lipoproteins[7] that may be linked to the altered cholesterol metabo lism in COVID19 patients.\nFinally\, apolipoproteins also exchange and we demonstrate that their binding to Lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs) affect the structure and composition of these particles[8]. The extent to which t his component redistribution takes place may be correlated with the LNP’ s capacity for protein expression and thus their therapeutic efficiency.\n All these experiments are possible thanks to neutron scattering combined w ith deuteration\, since this an ideal approach to study the structure and dynamics of multicomponent systems where different parts of the system can be highlighted individually[8]–[11].\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.or g.au/event/146/contributions/4283/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4283/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Characterisation of Ionic Liquids and Their Ability to Stabilise P roteins DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T055000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T060500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4300@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Stuart Brown (RMIT)\nProteins are an important part of biotechnology and can be utilised for a range of applications and indu stries1. But the stability and solubility of the protein is often a limiti ng factor\, so ionic liquids (ILs) have been tested as an alternative solv ent due to their wide scope and tailorable properties. They are reported t o increase protein activity2\, solubility\, long term and thermal stabilit y. However\, the relationship between the structure of an IL and how it in teracts with proteins in solution is unknown. \nIn this study 52 ammonium based ILs and 14 common salts were prepared with HEWL and human lysozyme. Physicochemical\, and thermal properties of the neat ILs were characterise d\, while SAXS was used to characterise protein stability. High concentrat ions of IL (>50 mol%) were often not conducive with the native structure o f the protein\, while lower concentrations (1-10 mol%) can support native protein structures with minimal to no aggregation. It was also found that additional alkyl chains on the cation\, and the presence of hydroxyl group s reduced lysozyme’s radius of gyration\, preserving its native structur e.\n\n1. Egorova\, K. S.\; Gordeev\, E. G.\; Ananikov\, V. P.\, Biological Activity of Ionic Liquids and Their Application in Pharmaceutics and Medi cine. Chemical Reviews 2017\, 117 (10)\, 7132-7189.\n2. Mann\, J. P.\; McC luskey\, A.\; Atkin\, R.\, Activity and thermal stability of lysozyme in a lkylammonium formate ionic liquids—influence of cation modification. Gre en Chemistry 2009\, 11 (6)\, 785-792.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org. au/event/146/contributions/4300/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4300/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Elucidation of the electronic structure in lanthanoid-radical syst ems by inelastic neutron scattering DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T053500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T055000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4295@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Maja Dunstan (University of Melbourne)\nSingle-molec ule magnets (SMMs) are metal organic compounds which exhibit magnetic hyst eresis and slow magnetic relaxation at low temperature. They have potentia l applications in high density data storage\, quantum computing\, and mole cular spintronics. Coordination complexes of the trivalent lanthanoid (Ln( III)) ions are the current best performing SMMs\, with examples showing hy steresis above liquid nitrogen temperature.[1]\n\nThe magnetic properties of Ln(III) ions stems from the crystal field (CF) splitting of the ground Russel-Saunders state. These CF states give rise to the energy barrier to reversal of magnetisation\, and can be tuned by modification of the ligand environment around the Ln(III) centre. Slow magnetic relaxation in Ln-SMM s can also be modulated by the introduction of magnetic exchange coupling with another magnetic moment\, such as that of an organic radical ligand.[ 2] Quantifying the magnitude of magnetic exchange coupling in many Ln(III) systems is\, however\, difficult using conventional magnetometric techniq ues\, due to the often large spin-orbit coupling. \n\nInelastic neutron sc attering (INS) is an ideal spectroscopic tool to measure both CF splitting and magnetic exchange coupling in Ln(III) systems.[3] We have used INS me asurements to elucidate the magnetic exchange coupling and CF splitting in Ln(III)-semiquinonate complexes. Using this information we have rationali sed the magnetic properties of these compounds\, with the hope that a bett er understanding of the magnetic exchange in these systems can be used to design SMMs with improved performance.\n\n[1] Guo et al. Science 2018\, 36 2 (6421)\, 1400–1403\n[2] Demir et al. Coord. Chem. Rev. 2015\, 289–29 0\, 149–176\n[3] Dunstan et al. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2019\, 8\, 1090–1 105\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4295/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4295/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Maximum flux: Using time-resolved neutron reflectometry to improve our understanding of surface-initiated polymerisation DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T052000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T053500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4294@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Isaac Gresham (The University of New South Wales)\nP olymer brushes are dense arrays of surface-tethered polymers that possess desirable qualities\, such as lubricity and fouling resistance\, provided that their structure and chemistry are correctly tuned [1]. Surface-initia ted polymerisation (SIP) is the primary method for synthesising these brus hes with the physicochemical properties required to imbue surfaces with th e aforementioned qualities. However\, previous work [2\,3] indicates that polymers synthesised by SIP deviate from polymers produced via solution po lymerisation\, likely due to the proximity of initiators in the tethered c ase. This deviation is not well understood\, which impedes the structural characterisation of the resulting brushes. As structure dictates behaviour [1]\, understanding the nature of the brushes produced by SIP facilitates the rational design of functional brush coatings.\n\nHere we present a st udy of brushes synthesised via SIP of the well-characterised polymer poly( N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) using time-resolved neutron reflectometry (NR). First\, we demonstrate that we can control the polymer initiator de nsity and examine the relationship between molecular weight and grafting d ensity. We then observe a series of SIP reactions from surfaces with diffe rent initiator densities in situ using time-resolved NR. To our knowledge\ , this is the first time that the structure of a growing polymer brush has been directly observed. The results confirm that a high initiator density leads to poor control early in the reaction\, and explain several phenome na observed by previous NR experiments [4\,5]. This experiment paves the w ay for further kinetic experiments on Platypus and will be of interest to anyone interested in the dynamic assembly of interfaces over timescales of 10 minutes to several hours.\n\n 1. 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00450\n 2. 10. 1021/acs.macromol.5b02261\n 3. 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01572\n 4. 10.1021/a cs.macromol.6b01001\n 5. 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01502\n\nhttps://events01. synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4294/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4294/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Muti-Scale Dynamic Study on The Amphiphilic Nanostructure of Proti c Ionic Liquids DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T050500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T052000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4291@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Shurui Miao (The University of Sydney)\nIonic liquid s are a novel class of solvents with ultra-low vapour pressure and tunable liquid properties. Among them\, protic ionic liquids (PILs) are particula rly effective solvents for self-assembly of surfactants and lipids into mi celles\, vesicles\, liquid crystals and microemulsions. This is exemplifie d by alkylammonium PILs\, which are also cheap\, easily prepared and can b e readily deuterated. Over the past decade\, much is learnt about the stat ic structure of alkylammonium PILs\, however\, virtually nothing is known about their dynamics\, both the single ion diffusion and the collective mo tion of clusters. This is due to the complex and disordered nature of liqu id nanostructure\, which is expected to display a range of dynamic behavio rs on different time and length scale. In this study\, we have examined et hanolammonium nitrate\, ethylammonium nitrate and propylammonium nitrate\, using a variety of dynamic techniques. We employed multi-contrast wide-an gle neutron spin echo spectroscopy (WASP\, ILL) to capture the nanosecond relaxations across 0.1 – 1.4 Å^-1\, and pulse-field gradient NMR to tra ck molecular diffusion. Combined with their known averaged liquid nanostru ctures\, we have now characterized the static and dynamic nanostructure of three protic ionic liquids\, carefully chosen to demonstrate different de grees of ordering\, at multiple temperatures. This allows us to understand the structure-property relationship of alkylammonium PILs across a wide s pace and time scale\, which has the potential to unlock rational design of job-specific PIL-based solvent systems.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.o rg.au/event/146/contributions/4291/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4291/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Quantifying the robustness of neutron reflectometry for analysing polymer brush structure DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T045000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T050500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4288@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Andrew Nelson (ANSTO)\nSurfaces covered with densely tethered polymer chains possess desirable properties and are ubiquitous i n natural and human-made systems. These properties stem from the diffuse s tructure of these polymer brush interfaces\; consequently\, resolving thei r structure is key to designing systems with better performance. NR has be en widely used for studying these systems as it is the only technique that can resolve the detailed structure of these films\, the polymer volume fr action profile.\n\nHowever\, the analysis of collected reflectometry data has significant challenges\; inflexible models preclude viable structures and the uncertainty around accepted profiles (spread) is challenging to qu antify. Furthermore\, there is no guarantee of profile uniqueness in refle ctivity analysis - multiple structures may match the data equally well (mu ltimodality). Quantifying these uncertainties has not been attempted on br ush systems\, but is a vital part of validating the application of NR for structural characterisation. Historically\, data analyses have used least- squares approaches\, which can’t satisfactorily determine profile uncert ainty.\n\nHere we outline the methodology we have developed for modelling NR data. We model our brush with a freeform profile that minimises assumpt ions regarding polymer conformation while enforcing physically reasonable structures. We employ a Bayesian statistical framework that enables the ch aracterisation of structural uncertainty and multimodality through Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling. The Bayesian approach lets us introduce prior knowledge into the analysis procedure\; the amount of grafted polymer shou ld remain constant under different conditions.\n\nThe rigour of our approa ch is demonstrated via a round-trip analysis of a simulated system\, as we ll as data collected on thermoresponsive brushes. A low level of uncertain ty was observed\, confirming the validity of NR for examining polymer brus h systems.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/ 4288/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4288/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Elucidating the Structures and Behaviour of Therapeutic Delivery P latforms with Non-interfering Techniques DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T043000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T045000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4390@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Anton Blencowe (University of South Australia)\nPrea mble: Anton is the Leader of the Applied Chemistry and Translational Biom aterials Group. His research focuses on the development of innovative chem istries\, delivery systems and biotechnologies to address challenges in th e biomedical\, mining\, and environmental sectors. \nAbstract: Self-assemb led polymeric delivery platforms based on colloidal aggregates have promis e for the delivery of therapeutics and cells\, and their morphology in sol ution strongly influences their behaviour in a biological context (e.g.\, cellular uptake). In turn\, the composition and microstructure of the indi vidual polymers play a defining role in their self-assembly and the morpho logy of the resulting colloidal aggregates. Observing the behaviour and pr ecise morphology of these systems in solution using non-interfering techni ques allows them to be studied in their native state. In this presentation \, Anton will discuss the application of diffusion nuclear magnetic resona nce spectroscopy and Synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering for the eluc idation of colloidal aggregate structure and morphology.\n\nhttps://events 01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4390/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4390/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Determining the role of protein aggregation in COVID-19 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T010000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T011500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4279@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Nicholas Reynolds (La Trobe University)\nCOVID-19 is primarily known as a respiratory disease caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2. However\, neurological symptoms such as memory loss\, sensory confusion\, cognitive and psychiatric issues\, severe headaches\, and even stroke are reported in as many as 30 % of cases and can persist even after the infect ion is over (so-called ‘long COVID’). These neurological symptoms are thought to be caused by brain inflammation and toxicity\, triggered by the virus infecting the central nervous system of COVID-19 patients\, however we still don’t understand the molecular mechanisms underpinning this ne urotoxicity. The neurological effects of COVID-19 share many similarities to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson’s in wh ich the presence of cytotoxic self-assembled protein aggregates\, known as amyloid nanofibrils are a common hallmark. This led us to hypothesise tha t self-assembled amyloid aggregates maybe present in the proteome of SARS- CoV-2 and responsible for some of the neurological symptoms of COVID-19. I n this work we identified several peptides sequences within the proteome o f SARS-CoV-2 that have a strong tendency to spontaneously self-assemble in to amyloid aggregates. We performed an extensive characterisation of the i n vitro toxicity and biophysical properties of these assemblies using a va riety of techniques. We used data recorded at the SAXS/WAXS beamline at th e Australian Synchrotron to provide insights into the nanoscale morphology and molecular structure of these assemblies. Based on these results we in troduce the idea that cytotoxic amyloid aggregates of SARS-CoV-2 proteins are causing some of the neurological symptoms commonly found in COVID-19 a nd contributing to long COVID.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/even t/146/contributions/4279/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4279/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:The silver bullet: using silver doped lanthanum manganite to selec tively target deadly brain cancer DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T004500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T010000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4275@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Abass Khochaiche (University of Wollongong)\n**Intro duction**\nTreatment of deadly cancers that are deep-seated within sensiti ve healthy tissue is limited to adequate targeting strategies. More speci fically\, brain and central nervous system cancers can be the most aggress ive\, have higher mortality rates and lower accessibility to chemotherapeu tic drugs. This study introduces the first in-depth analysis doped lantha num manganite (LAGMO) nanoparticles (NPs) as a brain cancer selective chem otherapeutic and radiation dose enhancer\n\n**Method**\nThe magnetic\, che mical and biological properties of LAGMO NPs at silver dopant levels of 0- 10% were investigated. Magnetic and chemical phases of LAGMO NPs were ana lysed with neutron diffraction using the ECHIDNA High-Resolution Powder Di ffractometer. Biocompatibility and combinational treatment strategies inv olved in vitro biological endpoint clonogenic assays\, live cell imaging a nd a cancer cell selectivity investigation.\n\n**Results**\nNeutron diffra ction revealed that 10% LAGMO NPs exhibit residual ferromagnetism at 300 K suggesting potential hyperthermia cancer treatment strategies. Biocompat ibility studies of LAGMO NPs with cancerous and non-cancerous cells displa yed completely cancer cell selective toxic response while non-cancerous ce ll growth was promoted. Clonogenic assays revealed a significant decrease in long-term survival of cancer cells with NPs and radiation therapy comp ared to radiation alone. \n\n**Conclusion**\nLAGMO NPs have potential to significantly improve targeted cancer treatment strategies. Their unique magnetic properties introduce a potential to induce cancer cell hypertherm ia alongside radiation treatment and improve clinical outcomes. Furthermo re\, they promote non-cancerous cell growth while severely damaging cancer cells alongside radiation. \n\n**References**\nKhochaiche\, Abass\, et a l. "First extensive study of silver-doped lanthanum manganite nanoparticle s for inducing selective chemotherapy and radio-toxicity enhancement." Mat erials Science and Engineering: C 123 (2021): 111970.\n\nhttps://events01. synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4275/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4275/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Human MLKL is maintained by RIPK3 in an inactive conformation prio r to disengagement and cell death by necroptosis DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T003000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T004500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4272@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Yanxiang Meng (WEHI)\nNecroptosis is a caspase-indep endent form of programmed cell death that results in the compromise of pla sma membranes and release of inflammatory cellular contents. Dysregulated necroptosis has been shown to play a role in a range of different human pa thologies\, including ischemia-reperfusion injury\, inflammatory diseases\ , and inflammatory bowel disease. Phosphorylation of MLKL by the RIPK3 kin ase leads to MLKL oligomerization\, translocation to\, and permeabilizatio n of\, the plasma membrane to induce necroptotic cell death. The precise c horeography of MLKL activation remains incompletely understood. Here\, we used Monobodies\, synthetic binding proteins\, that bind the pseudokinase domain of MLKL to detect endogenous protein interactions within human cell s. We showed that MLKL is stably bound by RIPK3 prior to their disengageme nt upon necroptosis induction. Crystal structures of MLKL pseudokinase dom ain in complex with two different monobodies or RIPK3 kinase domain identi fied two distinct conformations of MLKL pseudokinase domain. These structu res support that human RIPK3 maintains MLKL in an inactive conformation pr ior to the induction of necroptosis. These studies provide further evidenc e that MLKL undergoes a large conformational change upon activation and id entify MLKL disengagement from RIPK3 as a key regulatory step in the necro ptosis pathway.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contribut ions/4272/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4272/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:A Comparison of Different Approaches to Image Quality Assessment i n Phase-Contrast Mammography DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T001500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T003000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4268@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jesse Reynolds (University of Canterbury)\nPropagati on-based phase-contrast computed tomography (PB-CT) has the potential to i mprove breast cancer detection and characterisation compared to establishe d mammography techniques. The aim of this work is to find a quantitative i mage quality metric which could accurately predict the subjective clinical image quality assessment of PB-CT images made by radiologists as describe d in Taba et al. [1].\n\nThe experimental data analysed in this study incl uded PB-CT scans\, which were obtained for 12 full intact mastectomy sampl es at Imaging and Medical beamline (IMBL) of the Australian Synchrotron at different monochromatic X-ray energies and clinically relevant radiation doses. Quantitative image quality metrics including visibility\, signal to noise ratio (SNR)\, and spatial resolution\, were calculated for all PB-C T and conventional CT image sets using the open-source 3D Slicer (https:// www.slicer.org/) software. For each metric\, an objective image quality “score” was generated to match the subjective scoring provided by the radiologists. Weighting factors were then applied to the scores and a weig hted contrast to noise to resolution (CNR/res) score was calculated.\n\nTh e unscaled contrast and spatial resolution scores were both found to have a significant correlation with the radiologists’ scores with R values of 0.9223 and 0.8360 respectively\, while SNR had an insignificant correlati on\, with an R value of -0.6785. The weighted CNR/res score showed a signi ficant correlation to the radiologists’ scores with an R value of 0.9681 .\n\n[1] S. T. Taba et al.\, Academic radiology 28.1 (2021): e20-e26.\n\nh ttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4268/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4268/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Disulfide bond formation between T-cell receptor and peptide antig en lowers the threshold of T cell activation DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T000000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T001500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4261@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Christopher Szeto (La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science)\nThe immune system is vigilant in detecting foreign pathogens. Ou r cells present peptides (p)\, small fragments of proteins\, atop Major Hi stocompatibility Complex (MHC) glycoproteins. These pMHC molecules are dis played on the cell’s surface and monitored by T cells of the immune syst em that patrol the body. T cells use their specialized T cell receptors (T CRs) to recognize and bind to pMHCs\, where the quality of binding influen ces T cell activation. Activated T cells are responsible for killing off i nfected cells and clearing infection. The contribution of individual param eters that dictate activation for this cell-to-cell TCR-pMHC interaction a re unclear. However\, a long reigning hypothesis is that the threshold of T cell activation can be determined by the dissociation constant or bindin g affinity. We have engineered a disulfide bond (DSB) between two cysteine residues introduced into a TCR and peptide that are known to form a TCR-p MHC complex. The formation of the DSB was validated using biophysical assa ys and X-ray crystallography. This approach represents a model in which th e covalently bonded TCR-pMHC do not dissociate\, prolonging the confinemen t time of the interaction almost indefinitely. When this TCR and pMHC mode l were reproduced in T cells\, we discovered that the DSB interaction was 10\,000-fold more sensitive in activating T cells than the wild-type count erpart without altering binding affinity. Thus\, we show that confinement time plays an important role in the activation of T cells\, which could b e useful in designing T cell therapies or peptide vaccines.\n\nhttps://eve nts01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4261/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4261/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Membrane permeabilisation is mediated by distinct epitopes in mous e and human orthologs of the necroptosis effector\, MLKL DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T234500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T000000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4259@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Chris Horne (WEHI)\nNecroptosis is a lytic programme d cell death pathway with origins in innate immunity that is frequently dy sregulated in inflammatory diseases. The terminal effector of the pathway\ , MLKL\, is licensed to kill following phosphorylation of its pseudokinase domain by the upstream regulator\, RIPK3 kinase. Phosphorylation provokes the unleashing of MLKL’s N-terminal four-helix bundle (4HB or HeLo) dom ain\, which binds and permeabilises the plasma membrane to cause cell deat h. The precise mechanism by which the 4HB domain permeabilises membranes\, and how the mechanism differs between species\, remains unclear. Here\, w e identify the membrane binding epitope of mouse MLKL using NMR spectrosco py. Using liposome permeabilisation and cell death assays\, we validate K6 9 in the α3 helix\, W108 in the α4 helix\, and R137/Q138 in the first br ace helix as crucial residues for necroptotic signaling. This epitope diff ers from the phospholipid binding site reported for human MLKL\, which com prises basic residues primarily located in the α1 and α2 helices. In fur ther contrast to human and plant MLKL orthologs\, in which the α3-α4 loo p forms a helix\, this loop is unstructured in mouse MLKL in solution. Tog ether\, these findings illustrate the versatility of the 4HB domain fold\, whose lytic function can be mediated by distinct epitopes in different or thologs.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/42 59/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4259/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Sub cellular scale mapping of deuterated compounds by nanoSIMS DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T010000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T011500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4282@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: jeremy bougoure (University of Western Australia)\nH igh resolution imaging mass spectrometry by nanoSIMS (nano scale secondary ion mass spectrometry) is a valuable method to observe deuterium accumula tion in any number of sample types. NanoSIMS analysis is a high resolutio n isotope and elemental imaging technique for solid sample surfaces\, allo ws for spatial resolution as low as 50nm and has high sensitivity which ma kes it an ideal method for observing deuterium accumulation in sub cellula r features of any number of sample types. The nanoSIMS method allows for simultaneous analysis of up to seven ion species\, meaning there is capac ity to pair deuterium analysis with other elemental or isotopic inquiry. I n this presentation\, fundamentals of nanoSIMS analysis are explained with emphasis on application to deuterium observation. The Microscopy Australi a supported nanoSIMS facility at The University of Western Australia has recently begun collaboration with users that have sourced deuterated compo unds from ANSTO based National Deuteration Facility and these examples wil l be discussed in detail.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146 /contributions/4282/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4282/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Regional lung volume measures in small animal models from single p rojection X-ray images DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T004500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T010000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4276@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Dylan O'Connell (Monash University)\nRegional Lung v olume is a key parameter in assessing lung function and health. Computed T omography (CT) is considered the gold standard for measuring lung volume\; however\, it requires a relatively high radiation dose and typically has associated lower spatial and temporal resolution than X-ray projection ima ging. In this work\, we investigate whether regional lung volumes can be d etermined using 2D X-ray projections. The idea is that as the lung inflate s with air\, the attenuating tissue is displaced leading to a localised in crease in X-ray intensity. We imaged 13 New Zealand white rabbit kittens u sing high-resolution X-ray imaging and CT at the IMBL at various airway pr essures. From the 2D projections\, we converted changes in regional X-ray intensity through the lungs to changes in lung air volume using the Beer-L ambert law\, under the assumption that the lungs of the animal were compri sed of a single material (water). We measured the true air volumes from CT data for comparison. We found that relative changes in regional lung air volume derived from the 2D x-ray projections showed a coefficient of deter mination ($\\mathrm{R}^2$) of 0.97 with CT data. This technique\, therefor e\, provides a high speed\, low dose method for measuring regional changes in lung volume that we are now using for studying lung aeration at birth in preclinical animal models.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event /146/contributions/4276/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4276/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Using X-ray crystallography to understand bushfire-induced seed ge rmination DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T003000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T004500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4257@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Sabrina Davies (The University of Western Australia) \nPassing the site of a bushfire a couple of weeks after it has burnt itse lf out\, you may notice a mass seed germination event taking place\, allow ing the bush to completely come back to life. This fascinating phenomenon occurs due to compounds in bushfire smoke called karrikins\, which act as triggers for seed germination.\n\nAlthough we know this process occurs\, w e don’t understand how karrikins interact with seeds or seedlings\, and what the little molecular machines – known as proteins – inside indivi dual cells do to allow a seed to germinate.\n\nX-ray crystallography is a technique where the atomic structure of a crystal can be determined via it s diffraction pattern when placed in the beam of an X-ray source. By cryst allising the proteins involved in karrikin signalling and shooting them at the MX beamlines at the Australian Synchrotron\, we are able to determine their structure and hence their function\; allowing us to piece together a complete picture of how karrikins work.\n\nOverall\, by understanding pr ocesses that control a plant’s growth and development\, we have new aven ues to explore in terms of finding sustainable agricultural techniques and effective methods of conservation and restoration.\n\nhttps://events01.sy nchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4257/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4257/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Biochemical Interaction of Few Layer Black Phosphorus with Microbi al Cells Using Synchrotron macro- ATR-FTIR DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T001500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T003000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4256@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Zoe Shaw (School of Engineering\, RMIT University)\n In the fight against drug resistant pathogenic bacterial and fungal cells\ , low dimensional materials have been shown as a promising form of alterna tive treatment method. Specifically\, few-layer black phosphorus (BP) has demonstrated its effectiveness against a wide range of pathogenic bacteria and fungal cells. In this work\, the complex biochemical interaction of B P with a series of microbial cells is investigated to provide a greater un derstanding of the antimicrobial mechanism. Synchrotron macro-attenuated t otal reflection–Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy is us ed to elucidate the chemical changes occurring outside and within the cell of interested after exposure to BP nanoflakes. The ATR-FTIR data\, couple d with advanced\, high-resolution microscopy\, reveals noticeable differen ces to the polysaccharide and nucleic acid spectral maps\, along with chan ges in amide protein structure when compared to untreated cells. This stud y provides a greater insight into the biochemical interaction of BP nanofl akes with microbial cells is given\, allowing for a better understanding o f the antimicrobial mechanism of action.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.o rg.au/event/146/contributions/4256/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4256/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Magnetically-guided particle delivery to airway surfaces for cysti c fibrosis gene therapy: Synchrotron-based visualisation and optimisation for improved in vivo lentiviral gene transfer DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T000000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T001500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4255@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Martin Donnelley (University of Adelaide)\nGene vect ors to treat cystic fibrosis lung disease should be targeted to the conduc ting airways\, as peripheral lung transduction does not offer therapeutic benefit. Viral transduction efficiency is directly related to the vector r esidence time. However\, delivered fluids such as gene vectors naturally s pread to the alveoli during inspiration. Extending gene vector residence t ime within the conducting airways is important\, but hard to achieve.\n\nG ene vector conjugated magnetic particles that can be guided to the conduct ing airway surfaces could improve targeting. Due to the challenges of in v ivo visualisation\, the behaviour of small magnetic particles on the airwa y surface in the presence of an applied magnetic field is poorly understoo d. The aim of this study was to use synchrotron imaging to visualise the i n vivo motion of a range of magnetic particles in live rat trachea to exam ine the dynamics and patterns of individual and bulk particle behaviour in vivo. \n\nSynchrotron X-ray imaging revealed the behaviour of magnetic pa rticles in stationary and moving magnetic fields\, both in vitro and in vi vo. Particles could not be dragged along the live airway surface with the magnet\, but during delivery deposition was focussed within the field of v iew where the magnetic field was the strongest.\n\nThese results show that magnetic particles and magnetic fields may be a valuable approach for imp roving gene vector targeting to the conducting airways in vivo.\n\nhttps:/ /events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4255/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4255/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Synchrotron CT dosimetry at the IMBL for low wiggler magnetic fiel d strength and spatial modulation with bow tie filters DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T234500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T000000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4254@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Stewart Midgley (Canberra Hospital)\nSynchrotron CT dose reduction was investigated for the IMBL wiggler source operated at lo wer magnetic field strength and for beam modulation with spatial filters p laced upstream from the sample. Beam quality at 25-30 keV for 1.4-3.0 T wa s assessed using transmission measurements with copper to quantify the inf luence of third harmonic radiation. The low energy operational limit is 24 -28 keV for 0.1-1% transmission by added filters\, 2 mm path length throug h silicon and 25 m of air. The upper limit is near 80 keV for wiggler fiel d 1.4 T\, approximately 100 keV for 2.0 T and extend beyond 100 keV for 3. 0-4.2 T. The harmonic radiation contribution is reduced for lower field st rengths. Measured dose rates suggest the influence of harmonics is insigni ficant above approximately 26 keV at 1.4 T and above 33 keV at 2.0 T. Rela tive to 3 T operation\, the mean dose rate in air is reduced to approximat ely 12% at 2 T and 4% at 1.4 T. Spatial filters were constructed from blo cks of perspex with circular voids of diameter matching the CT dosimetry t est objects. A calibrated ion chamber integrated absorbed dose to the phan tom during 360o rotation. CT dose indices (CTDI) were measured at 25-100 k eV for 3.0T only\, at the centre and periphery for 35-160 mm diameter pers pex phantoms. Beam shaping filters offer protection to the sample by reduc ing the peripheral and volumetric CTDI by about 10% for small objects and 20-30% for the larger samples.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/even t/146/contributions/4254/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4254/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Synchrotron infrared characterisation of SARS-CoV-2 virions for a new COVID-19 saliva test DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T033500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T035000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4277@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Bayden Wood (Centre for Biospectroscopy\, School of Chemistry\, Monash University)\nIn response to the COVID-19 pandemic the B iospectroscopy group within the Monash School of Chemistry have become par t of a research working group headed by Prof. Dale Godfrey and Prof. Damia n Purcell at the Doherty Institute to develop a new IR diagnostic for the detection of COVID-19. An infrared-based test would be reagent-less\, able to test hundreds of thousands using the same instrument\, be highly sensi tive and inexpensive\, producing results in minutes. This is cogent especi ally given the worldwide shortage of conventional testing kits and the lon g delays in getting results that in the case of virulent variants such as Delta\, are costing lives. The talk will focus on new developments in the arena of point-of-site COVID testing highlighting rapid diagnostic-based t ests and our new infrared based saliva screening test. We have modified a portable infrared spectrometer with purpose-built transflection accessory for rapid point-of-care detection of COVID-19 markers in saliva. Initially \, purified virion particles were characterized with Raman spectroscopy\, synchrotron infrared (IR) and AFM-IR. A data set comprising 171 transflect ion infrared spectra from 29 patients testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 by R T-qPCR and 28 testing negative\, was modeled using Monte Carlo Double Cros s Validation with 50 randomized test and model sets. The testing sensitivi ty was 93 % (27/29) with a specificity of 82 % (23/28) that included posit ive samples on the limit of detection for RT-qPCR. This high throughput in frared COVID-19 test is rapid\, inexpensive\, portable and utilizes sample self-collection\, thus minimizing the risk to healthcare workers and is i deally suited to mass or personalised screening in public and private sett ings.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4277/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4277/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Structural insights into the unique modes of relaxin-binding and t ethered-agonist mediated activation of RXFP1 and RXFP2 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T032000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T033500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4274@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Ashish Sethi (University of Melbourne)\nOur poor und erstanding of the mechanism by which the peptide-hormone H2 relaxin activa tes its G protein-coupled receptor\, RXFP1 and the related receptor RXFP2\ , has hindered progress in its therapeutic development. Both receptors pos sess unique ectodomains that comprise of an N-terminal LDLa module joined by a linker to a Leucine Rich Repeat (LRR) domain. Truncation of the N-ter minal LDLa module abolishes signalling for both receptors suggesting that the LDLa module is essential for activation and is postulated as a tethere d agonist\, induced to undergo a conformational change upon H2 relaxin bin ding. \n\nHere\, we use Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS)\, NMR spectros copy\, cell-based receptor signalling assays to show that it is not the LD La module\, but rather a conserved motif (GDxxGWxxxF)\, immediately C-term inal to the LDLa\, that is the essential tethered agonist. Importantly\, t his motif associates with the LDLa module of both RXFP1 and RXFP2\, in dif ferent manners suggesting distinct mechanisms of activation. For RXFP1\, t he motif is flexible\, weakly associates with the LDLa module\, and requir es H2 relaxin binding to stabilize an active-state conformation. Conversel y\, the motif in RXFP2 does not possess the same flexibility as it does in RXFP1\, and appears to be more structured and closely associated with the LDLa module\, forming an essential binding interface for H2 relaxin. H2 r elaxin binding to RXFP2 needs both the LDLa module and the motif\, distinc t to RXFP1 and the tethered agonist activity of the motif is not driven by an induced conformational change in RXFP2\, also distinct to RXFP1. These results highlight distinct differences in relaxin mediated activation mec hanism of RXFP1 and RXFP2 which will aid drug development targeting these receptors.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/ 4274/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4274/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Gallium Implanted ‘Trojan Ho rse’ Surfaces for Implantable Devices DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T030500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T032000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4269@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Shiva Kamini Divakarla (The University of Sydney\, S ydney Nano Institute\, Faculty of Medicine and Health\, Sydney Pharmacy Sc hool\, Sydney\, NSW 2006\, Australia)\nA rapidly aging population\, high i ncidence of osteoporosis and trauma-related fractures\, and better health care access explain rapid surge in utilisation of orthopedic implantable d evices. Unfortunately\, many implants fail without strategies that synergi stically prevent infections and enhance the implant’s integration with h ost tissues. Here\, we propose a solution that builds on our pioneering wo rk on gallium (Ga)-enhanced biomaterials\, which show exceptional antimicr obial activity\, and combined it with defensin (De\, hBD-1)\, which has po tent anti-microbial activity in vivo as part of the innate immune system. Our aim was to simultaneously impart antimicrobial activity and anti-infla mmatory properties to polymer-based implantable devices through the modifi cation of the surfaces with Ga ions and immobilisation of De. Poly-lactic acid (PLA) films were modified using Ga implantation using the Surface Eng ineering Beamline of the 6MV SIRIUS tandem accelerator at ANSTO Australia\ , and subsequently functionalised with De. Ga ion implantation increased s urface roughness and increased stiffness of treated PLA surfaces and led t o the reduction in foreign body giant cell formation and expression of pro -inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. Ga implantation and defensin immobilization both independently and synergistically introduced antimicrobial activity to the surfaces\, significantly reducing total live biomass. We demonstrat ed\, for the first time\, that antimicrobial effects of De were enhanced b y its surface immobilization. Cumulatively\, the Ga-De surfaces were able to kill bacteria and reduce inflammation in comparison to the untreated co ntrol. These innovative surfaces have the potential to prevent biofilm for mation without inducing cellular toxicity or inflammation\, which is essen tial in enhancing integration of implantable devices with host tissues and hence\, ensure their longevity.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/ev ent/146/contributions/4269/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4269/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:SPACE RADIATION AND INDIVIDUAL RADIOSENSITIVITY- ANSTO CAS & HUMAN HEALTH IN AIR BEAM EXPERIMENTS DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T025000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T030500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4267@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Melanie Lydia Ferlazzo (ANSTO)\nRadiation exposure i s a major limiting factor for long duration manned space flights. \nRadiat ion protection standards are based on the assumption that individuals are equally resistant to ionizing radiation. However\, for over a century\, th ere is evidence that humans do not respond equally to radiation. Particula rly\, the studies of secondary effects post-radiotherapy have shown a grea t variability among individuals. More specifically\, large discrepancies a mong astronauts after the same flight were observed. Recently\, from a col lection of hundreds of fibroblast cell lines derived from patients sufferi ng from genetic disease or post-radiotherapy radiosensitivity\, we have sh own that the delay in the nucleoshuttling of the ATM protein may cause a l ack of double strand break (DSB) recognition\, incomplete DSB repair and r adiosensitivity. Interestingly\, the model of the ATM nucleoshuttling was shown to be relevant not only for low-dose and repeated exposures\, but a lso for high-LET particles\, which renders this model compatible with spac e radiation exposure scenarios. Lastly\, this model could lead to a novel approach for radiation protection\, consisting of interventions to acceler ate ATM nucleoshuttling. Such an approach may help in developing efficien t countermeasures that could assist with manned space flights. In 2019-202 1\, teams from ANSTO CAS and Human Health have been collaborating to adapt the ANTARES beamline for in air irradiation of living matter and study th e effects of secondary radiation produced by interraction of cosmic and ga lactic rays with spacecraft shielding. DNA repair and mitochondrial activi ty processes will be studied.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event /146/contributions/4267/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4267/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Studying Polysaccharides in Solution with SAXS and Molecular Dynam ics DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T023000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T025000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4395@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Martin (Bill) Williams (Massey University\, MacDiarm id Institute\, NZ)\nPolysaccharides are semi-flexible polymers composed of sugar residues with a myriad of important functions in-vivo\, including s tructural support\, energy storage and immunogenicity. The local conformat ion of such chains is a crucial factor governing their interactions. Tradi tionally this conformation has only been directly accessible in the solid- state\, using crystallographic techniques such as fibre diffraction. Howev er\, improvements in the quality of synchrotron-based X-ray scattering dat a means that conformation-dependent features can now be measured in soluti on. In tandem\, scattering predictions based on structures initiated from existing fibre x-ray diffraction data\, and then re-animated using molecul ar dynamics\, can now be performed. \n\nOur group has recently measured th e detailed small-angle x-ray scattering from a variety of anionic oligo- a nd poly-saccharides in solution. This talk will specifically present data obtained from experiments carried out on homogalacturonan\, alginate and c arrageenan and discuss their comparison with predictions based on our mole cular dynamics simulations. The remarkable agreement found provides unequi vocal evidence for the validity of our real-space atomistic models of the solution state structures. This technique is expected to be universally ap plicable for polysaccharides that consist of comparatively stiff glycosidi c linkages\, and to have extensive relevance for a number of biological ma cromolecules\, including glycosylated proteins.\n\nhttps://events01.synchr otron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4395/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4395/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Structural\, Biochemical and Functional characterization of Salmon ella BcfH: an unusual Dsb-like fimbrial protein DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T034500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T040000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4273@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Pramod Subedi (La Trobe University)\nBacteria use fo lding enzymes to produce functional virulence factors. These foldases incl ude the Dsb family of proteins\, which catalyze a key step in the protein- folding pathway\, the introduction of disulfide bonds. The Dsb oxidative s ystem\, which includes an oxidative DsbA/DsbB pathway and an isomerase Dsb C/DsbD pathway\, is present in numerous bacterial species. Conventionally\ , Dsb proteins have specific redox functions with monomeric and dimeric Ds bs exclusively catalyzing thiol oxidation and disulfide isomerization\, re spectively. This contrasts with the eukaryotic disulfide forming machinery where the modular thioredoxin protein PDI mediates thiol oxidation and di sulfide reshuffling. In this study\, we identified and structurally and bi ochemically characterized a novel Dsb-like protein from Salmonella enteric a termed BcfH and defined its role in virulence. Encoded by a highly conse rved bcf (bovine colonization factor) fimbrial operon\, the Dsb-like enzym e BcfH forms a trimeric structure\, exceptionally uncommon among the large and evolutionary conserved thioredoxin superfamily. BcfH also displays ve ry unusual catalytic redox centers\, including an unwound α-helix holding the redox active site and a trans proline instead of the conserved cis pr oline active site loop. Remarkably\, BcfH displays both thiol oxidase and disulfide isomerase activities contributing to Salmonella fimbrial biogene sis. Typically\, oligomerization of bacterial Dsb proteins modulates their redox function\, with monomeric and dimeric Dsbs mediating thiol oxidatio n and disulfide isomerization\, respectively. The present study demonstrat es a further structural and functional malleability in the thioredoxin-fol d protein family. BcfH trimeric architecture and unconventional catalytic sites permit multiple redox functions emulating in bacteria the eukaryotic protein disulfide isomerase dual oxido-reductase activity.\n\nhttps://eve nts01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4273/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4273/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Gd-TPP-DOTA reduces cell viability in cancer cells via synchrotron radiotherapy DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T033000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T034500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4266@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Ryan Middleton (ANSTO)\nHigh-Z elements have been p roposed as radiosensitisers in X-ray photon radiotherapy due to their emis sion of multiple high-LET photo- and Auger electrons following X-ray irrad iation. Gadolinium is a particularly attractive candidate radiosensitiser\ , since it can also be used as an MRI contrast agent. In this study\, we r eport on the efficacy of Gd-triphenylphosphonium salt-DOTA (Gd(III)-TPP-DO TA) for synchrotron microbeam radiation therapy dose enhancement. The comp ound utilises the mitochondrial targeting moiety triphenylphosphonium (TPP ) to accumulate Gd in the inner mitochondrial membrane. \n\nExperiments we re conducted using the dynamic mode option at hutch 2B of the Imaging and Medical Beamline at the Australian Synchrotron. Human glioblastoma multifo rme cells (T98G cell line) were cultured to 80-90% confluence in T12.5 fla sks. Approximately 24 hours prior to irradiation\, the cultures were eithe r treated with a 500 μM solution of Gd(III)DOTA-TPP or a vehicle control. Spatial dose distribution of synchrotron broad beam (BB) and single/multi ple microbeams were measured using a micron-scale X-Tream dosimetry system and Gafchromic films in air and at 2 cm depth in solid water (same depth as the monolayer of cells in T12.5 flasks). A total of 96 flasks were irra diated\, with doses of 0\, 1\, 2\, 3\, 4\, 5\, 10 and 16 Gy delivered in v alley (MRT) or uniformly (BB). Post irradiation\, each flask was re-seeded into 7 x 96 well-plates to perform the resazurin cell proliferation assay up to 7 days after irradiation. \n\nOur preliminary analysis indicates th at for cells irradiated by 3 Gy of BB or MRT radiation\, the addition of G d(III)DOTA-TPP results in a reduction in viable cell mass by 24.25% and 25 .79%\, respectively\, compared with untreated flasks.\n\nhttps://events01. synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4266/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4266/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Investigating the role of Zn in glucose regulation using X-ray Flu orescence Microscopy and X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T031500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T033000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4263@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Gaewyn Ellison (Curtin Innovation Health Research In stitute (CHIRI)\, Curtin University)\nZinc plays an important function in glucose regulation\, particularly within pancreatic islets\, the anatomica l home of the glucose regulating hormones insulin and glucagon. Glucose dy sregulation is a significant contributor to the epidemic of metabolic dise ases\, including diabetes\, that affect an increasing number of people. Zn is found in very high (mM) concentrations in insulin-secreting β-cells\, where it facilitates insulin synthesis and storage\, and is co-secreted w ith insulin\, subsequently acting as a signalling molecule. Zn dysregulati on is often coincident with impairment of insulin secretion\, but little i s known about the nature of the changes. Since a subset of the pool of Zn in islets is labile\, it is difficult to image in its *in vivo* situation using conventional techniques such as histochemistry. Not only do preparat ion steps such as washing displace Zn\, but some forms in which it exists are not readily discernible using conventional microscopy techniques. X-ra y fluorescence microscopy (XFM) and X-ray absorption near-edge structure s pectroscopy (XANES) offer several advantages in that tissue preparation is minimal\, facilitating the conservation of native states\, and all forms of Zn are not only detectable\, but are able to be discriminated by matchi ng spectra against an existing library of Zn forms. Here we report the pre liminary results from our study of Zn speciation and elemental mapping in murine islets from healthy or diabetes-prone animals in two age groups\, 1 4 (denoted young) or 28 (old) weeks. This work uses a library of biologica lly relevant Zn forms created in our laboratory\, and contributes to our u nderstanding of the role of Zn in glucose regulation in health and disease \, including aging.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contr ibutions/4263/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4263/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Neutron Reflectometry Unravels Allergen-Lung Surfactant Monolayer Interactions in the Development of Pollen-Induced Thunderstorm Asthma DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T030000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T031500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4253@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Arslan Siddique (UNSW Sydney)\nPollen-induced thunde rstorm asthma outbreaks affect thousands of individuals globally. Australi ans in particular suffer from it every year. Pollens\, the major culprit i n thunderstorm asthma\, are biological microparticles produced by flowerin g species of the plants. Pollens encounter stormy environments including l ightning and humidity in thunderstorms\, which results in liberation of as sociated allergen proteins and probable reactions with reactive oxygen nit rogen species (RONS) from the environment\, before inhalation. Since aller gen proteins are much smaller in size than whole pollen\, they can travel deep down in the lower airways where they initially interact with the lung surfactant monolayer present within the lumen of alveoli. Although meteor ological\, pathological and immunological analyses support the role of pol len allergens in exacerbating asthma\, the physicochemical basis of this p henomenon is underinvestigated. \n\nIn this talk\, we present a model syst em to study the interactions between an allergen protein and a lung surfac tant monolayer composed of solid-supported dipalmiptoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) monolayer. We mimic the stormy environment with plasma-activated w ater (PAW) and employ advanced analytical tools and techniques such as qua rtz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) and neutron reflectometr y (NR) to investigate the effect of RONS on the allergen protein and its s ubsequent interactions with the DPPC monolayer. Our experimental analysis revealed the attachment of RONS on the allergens when exposed to the PAW\, and QCM-D showed mass adsorption profiles. Furthermore\, NR showed the mo nolayer insertion and aggregation propensity of the allergens\, providing a deeper mechanistic insight into these interactions. The findings of this research will enable effective diagnostic strategies and therapeutics for the treatment of thunderstorm asthma.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org .au/event/146/contributions/4253/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4253/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Imaging Breast Microcalcifications Using Dark-Field Signal in Prop agation-Based Phase-Contrast Tomography DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T013500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T015000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4278@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Alaleh Amin zadeh ()\nBreast microcalcifications are an important primary radiological indicator of breast cancer. However\, m icrocalcification classification and diagnosis can be still challenging fo r radiologists due to limitations of the standard 2D mammography technique \, including spatial and contrast resolution. In this study\, we propose a n approach to improve the detection of microcalcifications in propagation- based phase-contrast X-ray tomography (PB-CT) of breast tissues. Five fres h mastectomies containing microcalcifications were scanned at the Imaging and Medical beamline of the Australian Synchrotron at different X-ray ener gies and radiation doses. Both bright-field and dark-field images were ext racted from the same data sets using different image processing methods [1 ]. A quantitative analysis was performed in terms of visibility and contra st-to-noise ratio of microcalcifications. The results show that the visibi lity of the microcalcifications in the dark-field images is more than two times higher compared to the bright-field images. Dark-field images have a lso provided more accurate information about the size and shape of the mic rocalcifications [2]. Therefore\, dark-field PB-CT images are likely to he lp radiologists evaluate the probability of breast cancer more effectively . This work has been conducted in the course of developing a medical imagi ng facility at the Australian Synchrotron for advanced breast cancer imagi ng.\nReferences:\n[1] T. E. Gureyev\, et al.\, Phys. Med. Biol. 65\, 21502 9\, 2020.\n[2] A. Aminzadeh et al.\, submitted.\n\nhttps://events01.synchr otron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4278/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4278/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Spectroscopic Analysis of Age-Related Changes in the Brain Lateral Ventricles During Ageing DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T012000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T013500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4271@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Ashley Hollings (School of Molecular and Life Scienc es\, Curtin University\, GPOBox U1987\, Bentley Western Australia 6845\, A ustralia. Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute\, Curtin University\ , Bentley\, Western Australia 6102\, Australia.)\nAlzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia and poses significant health and economi c concerns. Currently\, the disease has no cure\, and it is expected that over 1 million people could be affected by 2058 in Australia alone. The co ntent and distribution of metals such as Fe\, Cu\, Zn is known to change i n the ageing brain and thus\, increased understanding of the mechanistic r ole of metal dis-homeostasis may illuminate new therapeutic strategies. Th e brain lateral ventricles\, which play a role in controlling metal and io n transport\, have shown increasing levels of copper surrounding their wal ls with ageing. As a redox active metal\, copper can induce oxidative stre ss which is a process that occurs during Alzheimer’s disease onset and p rogression. Our research group has been interested in determining whether the age-related elevation of copper surrounding the lateral ventricles is inducing oxidative stress in that region. In this study\, we have utilised X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource to analyse different chemical forms of sulfur and measure oxi dative stress by analysis of disulfides. Additionally\, we used the infrar ed microscopy beamline at the Australian Synchrotron to identify whether a ny other markers of oxidative stress were present around the ventricles. F urther insights into metal dis-homeostasis and its influence on other bioc hemical pathways\, may help to reveal some of the neurochemical mechanisms involved in progression of Alzheimer’s disease. In turn\, this may help pave the way for potential preventative or therapeutic models.\n\nhttps:/ /events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4271/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4271/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Structural insights into the ferroxidase and iron sequestration me chanisms of ferritin from Caenorhabditis elegans DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T010500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T012000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4265@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Tess Malcolm (Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnol ogy Institute)\nIron is an essential trace element that\, when in excess\, becomes highly toxic [1]. Intracellular iron concentration must be strict ly regulated by a network of interacting mechanisms [2]. Ferritin is a ubi quitous iron-storage protein that forms a highly conserved 24-subunit sphe rical cage-like structure. Ferritin catalyses the oxidation of iron (II) t o iron (III) and sequesters the newly oxidised iron (III) as a mineral cor e to prevent cellular damage [3]. In this study\, we use the model organis m\, Caenorhabditis elegans\, to investigate iron uptake\, oxidation\, stor age and release by ferritin. \nC. elegans expresses two ferritin proteins \, FTN-1 and FTN-2\, which both exhibit ferroxidase activity [4]. FTN-2 fu nctions at a rate significantly faster than FTN-1 despite conservation of all catalytic residues\, suggesting that structural differences at a locat ion distinct to the ferroxidase centre may influence catalytic activity. W e solved the X-ray crystal structures of FTN-1 (1.84 Å) and FTN-2 (1.47 Å)\, and the cryo-EM structure of FTN-2 (1.88 Å). FTN-1 and FTN-2 both a dopt the conserved 24-subunit cage-like structure and bind one iron (II) i n the ferroxidase centre of each chain. We postulate that iron (II) access es the ferroxidase centre through a three-fold symmetrical pore. This pore is notably larger and more negatively charged in the FTN-2 structure and may facilitate easier access of iron (II) to the ferroxidase centre\, resu lting in a faster catalysis rate. \nThese structural insights further ou r understanding of the mechanisms used by ferritin to regulate iron storag e and the overall role of ferritin in iron homeostasis.\n\nhttps://events0 1.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4265/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4265/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Investigating the Therapeutic Benefit of Spermidine in a Pre-Clini cal Model of Muscular Dystrophy DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T005000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T010500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4262@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Lauryn Schaddee Van Dooren (University of Melbourne) \nResearch into treatment for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) typically focuses on deterioration of muscle\, however bone health is also severely compromised. Current treatment with corticosteroids exacerbate bone loss\, so novel therapies targeting both muscle and bone are needed. Studies on bone health in a pre-clinical model\, mdx mice\, are limited and have conf licting results. \nObjective of study: To characterise aspects of bone hea lth in mdx mice and investigate whether spermidine might attenuate disease symptoms and spare bone. \nBone structure and function were assessed in 1 6-week-old mdx mice femurs by three-point bending\, microarchitectural ass essment using the Imaging and Medical Beamline (IMBL) at the Australian Sy nchrotron\, and by histological analysis. Cortical thickness and cortical bone area fraction were lower in dystrophic mice compared to wild-type con trols (WT). No differences were observed in metaphyseal trabecular bone mo rphometry. Three-point bending indicated that mdx femurs required less str ess to reach yield point and failure but were able to sustain damage for a longer period (post-yield displacement) compared to WT mice. Despite this \, mdx femurs required more energy to reach failure. Histology revealed lo wer osteoblast numbers in mdx mice. Spermidine treatment did not appear to compromise bone health in either WT or mdx mice which is important as cur rent treatments typically worsen bone quality. This study provides novel d ata about aspects of skeletal morphology in mdx mice at 16 weeks of age\, and provides new techniques using pre-clinical models to investigate poten tial therapies for DMD patients that might target both muscle and bone.\n\ nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4262/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4262/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Hepatic lipid composition in dietary models of high iron NAFLD inv estigated with Synchrotron Infrared and X-Ray Fluorescence microscopy DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T003500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T005000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4260@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Clinton Kidman (Curtin University)\, Cyril Mamotte ( Curtin University)\nHepatocytes are essential for maintaining homeostasis of mammalian iron and lipid metabolism. Serious health consequences have b een linked to dysregulation of both areas. One such consequence is non-alc oholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Approximately 30% of individuals with NAFLD demonstrate a moderate increase in hepatic iron\; however\, the mech anism and metabolic consequences remain under-investigated. We assessed th e metabolic consequences using mice fed either a control or high fat (HF) diet\, with or without high iron. Attenuated Total Reflection Infrared Mic roscopy (Macro-ATR) at the Australian Synchrotron was used to investigate lipid composition and distribution\, and X-Ray Fluorescence Microscopy (XR F) at the Diamond Light Source (UK) was used to determine subcellular iron concentration and distribution. Peri-portal hepatocytes of HF fed animals exhibited elevated lipid parameters\, including ester and free fatty acid concentrations ~7x that of controls (P\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.or g.au/event/146/contributions/4260/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4260/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Structures of biliary micelles during solubilisation of lipids mim icking the digestion products of human and bovine milk DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T002000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T003500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4258@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Andrew Clulow (ANSTO Australian Synchrotron)\nMilk i s our sole source of nutrition for the first six months of life and milk l ipids carry fat-soluble nutrients through the gut as well as providing mos t of the energy we consume with milk. The digestion and absorption of lipi ds\, predominantly triglycerides\, and entrained nutrients is therefore im portant for survival and growth. Milk triglycerides are regarded amongst t he most chemically complex mixtures\, their composition is species-depende nt and determines the mixture of fatty acids and monoglycerides that form during their digestion. Most lipid digestion takes place in the small inte stines where bile salts mixed with phospholipids in the intestinal fluids form a colloidal sink into which the poorly-soluble digestion products can partition and be absorbed at the intestinal walls. This work describes at tempts to simulate how the structures of biliary micelles change when they absorb milk digestion products under intestinal conditions. Mixtures of f atty acids and monoglycerides were prepared to mimic the digestion product s of human and bovine milk. The chemical complexity of the mixtures was va ried by including between four and eight different lipid chain types in th e digestion product mixtures. The effect of pH on micelle structure was al so studied within the range of pH 6.4-7.7\, consistent with the increase i n pH along the intestinal tract. The structural differences when these com plex lipid mixtures were solubilised by bile salt/phospholipid micelles we re identified using the SAXS/WAXS beamline at the ANSTO Australian Synchro tron. The lipid composition was found to be a primary driver of micelle sh ape and size\, with pH having a secondary affect in reducing aggregate for mation at higher pH.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/cont ributions/4258/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4258/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:The Death Kiss: understanding how the zombie protein\, MLKL\, is t riggered to kill cells by necroptosis DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T000000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T002000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4284@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: James Murphy (Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Med ical Research)\nIn 2012\, Mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL)\, a cata lytically-dead (“zombie”) cousin of conventional protein kinases\, ter med a pseudokinase\, was implicated as the key effector in the programmed necrosis (or necroptosis) cell death pathway. This pathway has been implic ated in innate immunity\, the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases\, and tissue injury arising from ischemia-reperfusion. As a result\, an improved fundamental knowledge of MLKL’s activation mechanism is of enormous int erest as we and others look to target the pathway therapeutically. \n\nHer e\, I will describe our recent work dissecting the chronology of events in this pathway using novel tools\, biochemistry\, microscopy\, proteomics a nd structural biology methods. Our structural studies were enabled by the MX and SAXS beamlines at the Australian Synchrotron and isotopic protein l abelling at the National Deuteration Facility.\n\nhttps://events01.synchro tron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4284/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4284/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Towards fast dose calculations for novel radiotherapy treatments w ith generative adversarial networks DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T053500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T055000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4344@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Florian Mentzel ()\n**Introduction**\nExisting appro ximations used in clinical treatment planning are either not fast or not a ccurate enough for some novel irradiation techniques like microbeam radiat ion therapy (MRT)\, which relies on arrays of sub-mm synchrotron-generated \, polarized X-ray beams. We present studies using generative adversarial networks (GANs) to mimic full Monte Carlo simulations of radiation transpo rt to achieve a compromise of fast and accurate dose computation for varia ble phantoms and irradiation scenarios.\n\n**Materials & Methods**\nTo obt ain a generalised model for the dose prediction a conditional GAN using a 3D-UNet architecture is developed. As proof of concept\, we predict the si mulated dose depositions of a bone slab inside a water phantom with variab le rotation angles and thicknesses. Subsequently\, we demonstrate that our model is generalisable by applying it to a simplified head phantom simula tion.\nAll Monte Carlo simulations are performed with Geant4 using a phase space file obtained from a validated simulation at the Australian Synchro tron.\n\n**Results** \nThe trained model predicts for both the bone slab i nside the water phantom and the simple head phantom dose distributions wit h deviations of less than 1% of the maximum dose for over 94% of the simul ated voxels in the beam. Dose predictions near material interfaces are acc urate on a voxel-by-voxel basis with less than 5% deviation in most cases. Dose predictions can be produced in less than a second on a desktop PC co mpared to approximately 50 CPU hours needed for the corresponding Geant4 s imulation.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/ 4344/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4344/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Neutron and synchrotron characterisation techniques for hydrogen f uel cell materials DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T052000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T053500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4341@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Krystina Lamb (ANSTO)\nHydrogen fuel cells and other renewable energy technologies have specific materials and functional need s which can be more fully understood using neutron and synchrotron charact erisation techniques. In this presentation\, a materials which has applica tions in proton exchange membranes is studied with a variety to techniques to develop a comprehensive understanding of the functional-structural rel ationship. The materials used here is phosphotungstic acid (HPWA) stabilis ed in an ‘inert’ mesoporous silica host material. This aim of this res earch is to develop an understanding of the interaction between the HPWA a nd the silica and whether different structures or surface chemistries have advantageous or detrimental effects.\nTwo silica symmetries used were Ia3 ̅d (face centred cubic bi-continuous) and P6mm (2D hexagonal with cylind rical pores) which were vacuum impregnated with solutions of HPWA in a ran ge of concentrations. The resulting powder samples were then analysed usin g small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS)\, inductively coupled plasma emissio ns spectroscopy (ICP-OES)\, nitrogen gas adsorption/desorption\, near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS/X-ray absorption near edge struct ure/XANES) of the O and Si k-edges\, Fourier transform infra-red spectrosc opy (FTIR)\, Raman spectroscopy\, and then formed into a disk using polyet hylene as the binder for electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). \nThe in sights gained from this systematic study indicate that the surface chemist ry of the silica host has a significant effect on the performance\, uptake and interactions with the HPWA anions\, where lower concentrations of HPW A result in stronger host:HPWA interactions but lower conductivity\n\nhttp s://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4341/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4341/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Magnetic Ordering in Superconducting Sandwiches DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T050500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T052000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4339@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Andrew Chan (The University of Auckland)\nOur cuprat e-manganite ‘superconducting sandwich’ multilayers exhibit a highly un usual magnetic-field induced insulating-to-superconducting transition (IST )\, contrary to the commonly held understanding that magnetic fields are d etrimental to superconductivity [1\, 2]. This new behaviour is a result of the specific magnetic and electronic properties of the manganite coupling with the high-Tc cuprate (YBa2Cu3O7-δ\, YBCO). Due to the specific manga nite composition\, Nd0.65(Ca0.7Sr0.3)0.35MnO3 (NCSMO)\, we hypothesize the behaviour to originate from CE-type antiferromagnetic ordering as well as charge and orbital ordering [3]. \n\nThe magnetic data presented here wil l focus on polarized neutron reflectometry (PNR) and elastic neutron scatt ering on a YBCO-NCSMO trilayer and superlattice. The model that best descr ibed the PNR data for the trilayer had antiparallel moments at the YBCO-NC SMO interfaces. In the superlattice\, the direction of moments at NCSMO in terfaces were found to alternate with film depth whose long-ranged orderin g was broken below 35 K in a 1 T applied field. The stability of the AFM o rder in the superlattice was further supported by a robustness of magnetic in-plane half-order elastic scattering peaks at 9 T. This evidences the i nterplay of magnetism and superconductivity that play a role in realizing the IST effect in our superconducting sandwiches.\n\nREFERENCES\n[1] B. Ma llett et al. Phys. Rev. B. 94\, 180503(R) (2016) \n[2] E. Perret et al. Co mms. Phys. 45\, 1-10 (2018) \n[3] Y. Tokura. Rep. Prog. Phys. 69\, 797-851 (2006).\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/43 39/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4339/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Characterization of MOSFET sensors for dosimetry in alpha particle therapy DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T045000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T050500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4338@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Fang-Yi Su (Centre for Medical Radiation Physics\, University of Wollongong)\nAlpha particle therapy\, such as diffusing alph a-emitters radiation therapy (DaRT) and targeted alpha-particle therapy (T AT)\, exploits the short-range and high linear energy transfer (LET) of al pha particles to destroy cancer cells locally with minimal damage to surro unding healthy cells. Dosimetry for DaRT and TAT is challenging\, as their radiation sources produce mixed radiation fields of α particles\, β par ticles\, and γ rays. There is currently no dosimeter for real-time in viv o dosimetry of DaRT or TAT. Metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transis tors (MOSFETs) have features that are ideal for this scenario. Owing to th eir compactness\, MOSFETs can fit into fine-gauge needle applicators\, suc h as those used to carry the radioactive seeds into the tumour. This study characterized the response of MOSFETs designed at the Centre for Medical and Radiation Physics\, University of Wollongong. MOSFETs with three diffe rent gate oxide thicknesses (0.55 µm\, 0.68 µm\, and 1.0 µm) were irrad iated with a 5.5 MeV mono-energetic helium ion beam (He2+) using SIRIUS 6M V accelerator tandem at the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Orga nization (ANSTO) and an Americium-241 (241Am) source. The sensitivity and dose-response linearity were assessed by analysing the spatially resolved median energy maps of each device and their corresponding voltage shift va lues. The results showed that the response of the MOSFET detectors was li near with alpha dose up to 25.68 Gy. Also\, it was found that a gate bias of between 15 V and 60 V would optimize the sensitivity of the detectors t o alpha particles with energy of 5.5 MeV.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron. org.au/event/146/contributions/4338/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4338/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Good vibrations: phonons in topological thermoelectrics DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T043000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T045000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4397@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: David David Cortie ()\nThermoelectric materials harn ess a temperature gradient to produce a voltage via the Seebeck effect\, p roviding a way to harvest and recycle heat. Recently a new generation of t hermoelectrics has been developed that offer unprecedented performance by leveraging topological physics. The key to their functionality is their r obust high electronic conductivity in tandem with their low thermal conduc tivity. The latter can be engineered by controlling the lattice vibrations or “phonons”. Here I will discuss recent neutron spectroscopy experim ents at the Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering\, ANSTO\, which offer unique insights into the differences between “good” optical and “ba d” acoustic phonon vibrations in thermoelectrics. I will show how these experiments are complemented by large-scale molecular dynamic simulations on the GADI supercomputer within the National Computing Infrastructure. Ti me permitting\, I will also briefly demonstrate how we use the Centre for Accelerator Science and neutron reflectometry to enable surface-engineerin g in these novel crystals for microelectronic applications.\n \n\nReferenc es:\nN. Islam\, D. L. Cortie et\, Acta Materialia 215\, 117026 (2021)\nW. Zhao\, Cortie\, Wang et al\, Physical Review B 104 (8)\, 085153 (2021)\nD. L et al. Cortie Applied Physics Letters 116 (19)\, 192410 (2020)\n\nhttps: //events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4397/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4397/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Verification of L-alanine single-crystallinity for anisotropic syn chrotron terahertz measurements DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T030500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T032000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4343@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jackson Allen (UOW)\nOne way to probe the molecular interactions of a material is by using terahertz (THz) spectroscopy\, whic h has been used to study L-alanine in detail [1]. However\, isotropic THz spectroscopy has limitations in identifying the origin of vibrational mode s since the direction of the associated dipole moment is random in an isot ropic THz measurement. Therefore\, there is a benefit to performing anisot ropic (polarised) THz measurements. This work represents the first anisotr opic measurements performed on L-alanine\, the simplest chiral amino acid\ , and one of the earliest amino acids fundamental to early life on Earth [ 2].\n\nAn appropriate sample for anisotropic measurements must be highly s ingle-crystalline. This presentation describes a method to prepare and tes t a sample for anisotropic THz measurements. Samples have been grown at th e University of Wollongong\, and sample verification has been done at ACNS ’s Taipan triple-axis spectrometer. Using Taipan\, a narrow mosaic sprea d of ~0.8° was determined\, and single\, well-fitted Gaussian peaks were observed in both sample rotation and Q-space scans\, suggesting high singl e-crystallinity in our L-alanine samples. Additionally\, the Taipan measur ements were able to verify the orientation of the L-alanine single crystal s with respect to their crystallographic axes. \n\nAnisotropic THz measure ments were taken on the THz – Far Infrared beamline at the Australian Sy nchrotron using a wire-grid polariser. Distinct absorption bands were obse rved for different crystal orientations\, further confirming single-crysta llinity\, and identifying the dipole moment directions for the observed mo des. We thus demonstrate a method of performing anisotropic THz measuremen ts.\n\n\n[1] T. J. Sanders et al.\, J. Chem. Phys.\, 154\, 244311 (2021) \ n[2] V. Kubyshkin and N. Budisa\, Int. J. Mol. Sci.\, 20\, 5507 (2019)\n\n https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4343/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4343/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Wavefield Characterisation of MHz XFEL Pulse Trains DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T025000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T030500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4340@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Trey Guest (La Trobe University\, European XFEL)\nX- ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) light sources present new opportunities in the imaging of single particles and biomolecules. The interpretation and a nalysis of XFEL imaging data depends critically on a fundamental understan ding of the characteristics of the inherently stochastic XFEL pulses deliv ered to the instrument. Exploiting the unique MHz repetition rate of the E uropean XFEL to image single particles requires an improved understanding of both the inter- and intra-train fluctuations in pulse structure and bea m pointing\, which are frequently implicated in the loss of information in XFEL single particle imaging (SPI) and other classes of coherent diffract ion experiment. Failure to account for fluctuations of the electron bunch phase-space and/or trajectory within a pulse train can result in deviation s of the recorded wavefront and intensity statistics from theoretical beha viour and lead to conflation of the structure of the source and sample in single particle reconstruction.\n\nContrary to expectations\, X-ray optica l data collected at the SPB-SFX instrument of the European XFEL demonstrat es a sensitivity of inter- and intra-train variations in beam pointing to beam delivery parameters\, including the order of a pulse within a train. This data is presented in comparison to a partially coherent wave optical simulation of the SPB-SFX instrument\, through which photon diagnostics ha ve been designed and developed\, with the goal of improving the stability and subsequent imaging quality of the user-end photon beam. We describe th ese preliminary results within the scope of developing a novel phase-retri eval method applicable to the study of MHz repetition rate XFEL sources\, using nearfield speckle-tracking measurements.\n\nhttps://events01.synchro tron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4340/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4340/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Scattering or spectroscopy? Both! DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T023000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T025000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4394@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Chris McNeill (Monash University)\nIn this presentat ion I will discuss the development of resonant tender X-ray diffraction to study the molecular packing of semiconducting polymers. Semiconducting po lymers are being developed for application in a wide range of optoelectron ic devices including solar cells\, LED and transistors. Being polymeric ma terials they offer advantages over traditional semiconductors including ea se of processing and mechanical flexibility. Most semiconducting polymers are semicrystalline\, with the way in which polymer chains pack strongly a ffecting their optoelectronic performance. Unlike small molecule crystals whose structure can be directly solved using crystallographic methods\, se miconducting polymers are more disordered meaning that there are not enoug h diffraction peaks available. To squeeze more information from the diffra ction peaks that are present\, we have turned to resonant diffraction: By varying the X-ray energy across an elemental absorption edge\, the variati ons in diffraction intensity that are observed can provide additional info rmation. Also known as anomalous diffraction this technique has been appli ed in other fields including protein crystallography. As many semiconducti ng polymers utilise sulfur as heteroatoms\, we have studied resonant diffr action effects at the sulfur K-edge in the tender X-ray regime. Furthermor e we have adopted a spectroscopic approach exploiting anisotropic near-edg e X-ray absorption features at the sulfur K-edge that produce highly aniso tropic resonant diffraction effects. This marrying of spectroscopy and sca ttering enables us not only to infer information about the position of the resonant atoms within the unit cell\, but also to deduce the orientation of molecular bonds and orbitals within the unit cell.\n\nhttps://events01. synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4394/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4394/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:The High Performance Macromolecular Crystallography (MX3) Beamline DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T030000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T031500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4378@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Daniel Eriksson (Australian Synchrotron)\nThe MX3 be amline will extend the capabilities of the existing suite of MX beamlines at the Australian Synchrotron. It will allow collection on crystals that a re too small or weakly diffracting for the current beamlines. A high level of automation will transform membrane protein micro crystal collection an d high throughput projects such as drug and fragment screening. Sample pos itioning will be provided via an MD3-UP goniometer and an ISARA robot will allow 6 second sample exchange. Serial crystallography capability will be provided using in-tray screening and collection and fixed target silicon chip scanning stages. A dedicated cluster will provide real-time data proc essing and automated data collection will be standard. This will include a utomated location of crystals from a rastered volume with subsequent data collection on each crystal with resulting automated data merging from mult iple crystals. \n\nSome outstanding questions for the user community relat e to time-resolved crystallography\, and injector experiment capabilities\ ; options will be presented and discussed.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron .org.au/event/146/contributions/4378/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4378/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:MyD88 TIR domain higher-order assembly interactions revealed by se rial femtosecond crystallography DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T024500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T030000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4377@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Connie Darmanin (La Trobe)\, Mark Hunter (Linac Cohe rent Light Source\, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory\, Menlo Park\, Ca lifornia\, USA)\nSerial Synchrotron Crystallography (SSX) is rapidly emerg ing as a promising technique for collecting data for time-resolved structu ral studies or for performing room temperature micro-crystallography measu rements using micro-focused beamlines. When performed using ultra-bright X -ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) sources serial crystallography typically i nvolves a process known as ’diffract-and-destroy’ where each crystal i s measured just once before it is destroyed by the intense XFEL pulse. It ’s the small and intense beam focus of XFELs that make it possible to de termine structures from nanocrystals where conventional crystallography te chniques fail. Only through thorough synchrotron investigation\, can we ac hieve successful XFEL beamtime proposals. Here we investigate the importan t role of the MX2 beamline at the Australian Synchrotron played in the suc cessful XFEL proposal which resulted in the structure of the Myeloid diffe rentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) and MyD88 adaptor-like/TIRAP ( MAL)\, Toll-like receptor (TLR) adaptor proteins which play an important r ole in inflammatory disease . The data generated at the Linac Coherent Lig ht Source provided structural and mechanistic insight into TLR signal tran sduction[1].\n\n1. Clabbers\, M.\, Holmes\, S. et.al. MyD88 TIR domain hig her-order assembly interactions revealed by microcrystal electron diffract ion and serial femtosecond crystallography. Nature Communications\, Nature communications 12 (1)\, 1-14\, 2021.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org. au/event/146/contributions/4377/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4377/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:The recent progress of polarized neutron scattering techniques at SIKA DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T023000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T024500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4320@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Shinichiro Yano (NSRRC)\nSIKA\, the cold-neutron tri ple-axis spectrometer is on the CG4 beam port at the OPAL reactor\, ACNS\, ANSTO. We have reported the capabilities and status of SIKA in the last s everal user's meetings. \n In this meeting\, we discuss the recent develop ment of polarized neutron scattering experiments on SIKA. A 3He polarizati on analysis system is available for SIKA. We have performed several user e xperiments and commissioning experiments in the last two years. We would l ike to present some results by introducing the techniques we are trying to implement. In addition\, we discuss our plan for the polarized neutron sc attering experiment on the SIKA.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/ev ent/146/contributions/4320/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4320/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Hot Commissioning and First User Experiments on the Spatz Neutron Reflectometer DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T010500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T012000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4331@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Anton Le Brun (ANSTO)\nThe Spatz neutron beam instru ment is the latest to be installed and commissioned in the Neutron Guide H all at the 20 MW OPAL Research Reactor. Spatz is a time-of-flight neutron reflectometer used for studying nanoscale structures at surfaces and inter faces and utilises a vertical sample geometry / horizontal scattering geom etry. The instrument is situated at the end position of the CG2B neutron g uide and views the cold-neutron source (CNS). The disc chopper cascade tha t pulses the neutron beam to produce the time-of-flight is very configurab le to provide a wavelength resolution between 1 to 12 %. The detector is a helium-3 two-dimensional detector that is capable of measuring both specu lar and off-specular reflectivity. The sample stage can support a range of different sample environments including multiple solid-liquid cells\, an atmospheric chamber with temperature control\, the ATR-FT-IR spectrometer for simultaneous infra-red spectroscopy and neutron reflectometry measurem ents\, electrochemical cells\, etc. The geometry of the instrument and the sample environment available means that Spatz is well suited to studying phenomena at the gas-solid interface and solid-liquid interface. The Spatz instrument has been fully commissioned with neutrons and the results of t he commissioning are presented. This includes measurements using the ‘Br agg mirror’ consisting of 25 bilayers of nickel and titanium\, different solid substrates of silicon\, quartz and sapphire\, spin-coated polymer s amples\, and films under liquid. Reflectivity down to 10-7 can be achieved within 1 hour measuring time with good counting statistics in most cases. Early user experiments cover a range of science including investigating t he thermal stability of organic solar cell materials and proteins interact ing with biomimetic phospholipid cell membranes.\n\nhttps://events01.synch rotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4331/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4331/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Medium Energy Spectroscopy (MEX) - Sample environments and support ing infrastructure DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T003500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T005000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4325@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Krystina Lamb (ANSTO)\nThe Medium Energy Spectroscop y (MEX) beamline aims to facilitate a wide variety of ex- and in-situ expe rimental work from a variety of research areas. As such\, we will provide a number of sample environments as standard set-up\, in addition to ancill ary equipment that can be used with custom or BYO sample environments. Sam ple environments will likely include\; room temperature cell\, electrochem ical flow cell\, micro-fluidic cell\, flammable gas cell\, furnace with ga s environments\,and a battery testing cell. In addition\, supporting infra structure and ancillary equipment will likely include\; flammable and toxi c gas handling (flow and pressure control)\, gas and vapor ventilation\, e lectrochemical testing station (Autolab or similar)\, fluid (gas or vapour ) syringe pumps with pressure monitoring. Most\, if not all\, of the sampl e environments and supporting infrastructure will be controlled with the b eamline systems\, enabling integration and triggering for maximum achievab le automation of experiments.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event /146/contributions/4325/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4325/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:High speed free-run ptychography at the Australian Synchrotron DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T002000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T003500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4318@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Cameron Kewish (Australian Synchrotron)\nThe Austral ian Synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence Microscopy (XFM) beamline has recently implemented fast-scanning ptychography\, a scanning X-ray diffraction micr oscopy method. Ptychography creates super-resolution images from transmitt ed microdiffraction patterns acquired as the sample is scanned through the beam. High-speed detectors and high-performance computers are required to iteratively reconstruct these complex images. The experimental methods an d reconstruction algorithms have significantly evolved over the last decad e and a half into a mature and user-friendly complementary imaging method to XFM.\n\nHere we present the implementation of high speed ptychography a t the XFM beamline\, which includes a free-run data collection mode where detector dead time is eliminated\, and the scan time is optimized. We show that free-run data collection is viable for fast and high-quality ptychog raphy by demonstrating extremely high data rate acquisition covering areas up to 352\,000 µm2 at up to 140 µm2/s\, with 18× spatial resolution en hancement compared to the beam size. With these improvements\, ptychograph y at velocities up to 250 µm/s is approaching speeds compatible with fast -scanning X-ray fluorescence microscopy. The combination of these methods provides morphological context for elemental and chemical information\, en abling unique scientific outcomes.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/ event/146/contributions/4318/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4318/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Tomographic X-ray phase and attenuation extraction for a sample co mposed of unknown materials DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T000500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T002000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4313@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Samantha Alloo ()\nPropagation-based phase-contrast X-ray imaging (PB-PCXI) is a technique suitable for imaging weakly-attenua ting objects\, e.g.\, biological samples\, as it utilizes both attenuation and refraction effects. Such effects are material dependent\, and describ ed by the X-ray’s complex refractive index n=1-δ+iβ\, where β and δ describe attenuation\, and refraction\, respectively. Phase retrieval algo rithms are typically applied to PB-PCXI images to recover lost phase infor mation. A single-material reconstruction\, based on the transport-of-inten sity equation\, has been published by Paganin et al. [1] and has proven us eful in diverse fields. This approach has been extended to consider multi- material objects [2]\, and partially-coherent X-ray sources [3]. The descr ibed phase-retrieval algorithms can successfully recover the projected-pha se information of an object\, however\, they require a priori knowledge of the sample materials. We present an algorithm capable of extracting β an d δ functions for a sample that is composed of unknown materials. The ess ence of the approach is based on curve-fitting an error-function to each i nterface between distinct materials in a computed tomographic reconstructi on [4]\, where the fit parameters are then used to calculate δ and β for composite materials. This approach requires no a priori sample informatio n\, making it broadly applicable\, particularly in cases where exact sampl e composition is unknown. We have applied this method to a breast-tissue s ample\, where the δ for composite materials was calculated to 0.6% - 2.5% accuracy\, compared to theoretical values.\n\n1. D. M. Paganin et al.\, J .Microsc. 206\, 33 (2002)\n2. M. A. Beltran et al.\, Opt.Express 18\, 6423 (2010)\n3. M. A. Beltran et al.\, J.Opt. 20\, 055605 (2018)\n4. D. A. Tho mpson et al.\, J.Synchrotron.Radiat. 26\, 825-838 (2019)\n\nhttps://events 01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4313/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4313/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:The new external ion beam capability for testing of electronics su itable for harsh space radiation environments DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T234500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T000500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4402@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Stefania Peracchi (ANSTO)\nIn 2019\, the Australian Space Agency made its debut in the international scene of the space explor ation. Securing the future of Australia’s space sector is the core of th e Advancing Space: Australian Civil space Strategy 2019-2028. This Governm ent plan reminds that space-based technology and services not only interes ts space missions\, but benefits all Australians daily as for weather fore casting\, GPS\, internet access\, online banking\, emergency response trac king bushfires\, monitoring of farming crops\, etc.\nTo further increase c apability\, the Space Infrastructure Fund (SIF) investment was issued to t arget 7 space infrastructure projects that involve several industries\, or ganisations\, universities\, laboratories\, all around the country. Missio n control and tracking facilities\, robotic & automation\, AI command and control\, space data analysis facilities\, space manufacturing capabilitie s\, and space payload qualification facilities\, are the topics under stud y.\nANSTO together with other 5 fund recipients engaged its resources in t he last-mentioned project (space payload qualification facilities)\, with the aim to establish the National Space Qualification Network (NSQN).\nPar ticularly\, the three ASNTO facilities Centre for Accelerator Science (CAS )\, the Australian Synchrotron and the Gamma Technology Research Irradiato r (GATRI) will focus on enhancing and improving their capabilities for spa ce radiation damage testing of electronics used in space and ensure they m eet international standards in this area. \nSpace technology can be affect ed by cosmic radiation when Single Event Upset (SEU) occurs\, knocking out temporary or permanently the instrumentation that is paramount for the su ccessful accomplishment of a mission\, a test\, or simply the usual functi onality of a service.\nWe need to deep understand the cause and the freque ncy of these events\, in order to reduce the risk of component failure and to consequently optimizse the electronics. Tests must be performed in gro und-based facilities before commercialization of any device. \nANSTO facil ities use accelerators to perform radiation tests with different beams (ga mma-rays\, x-rays\, protons and heavy ions) to eventually provide internat ional standards of Total Ionisation Dosage (TID) radiation testing for pro ducts that can enter faster into global supply chains.\nBecause of the lim itations encountered while performing tests in vacuum\, at the CAS facilit y\, the High Energy Heavy Ion Microprobe (HIM) of the 10MV ANTARES acceler ator has recently been upgraded to an external chamber for testing standar d electronic chips in an ambient-in-air environment. Advantages of an ex-v acuum microprobe are: ease of handling the sample with no limits to the di mension of the sample itself\, no charge effects\, more effective target h eat dissipation\, sampling is not required\, gain in terms of time used fo r pump-up and down the chamber\, and possibility to irradiate living syste m without compromising them.\n\n\nStefania Peracchi1\,*\, David Cohen1\, Z eljko Pastuovic1\, Nikolas Paneras1\, David Button1\, Chris Hall2\, Justin Davies3\, Michael Mann1\, David Cookson4\, Michael Hotchkis1\, Ceri Brenn er1.\n\n1 Centre for Accelerator Science\, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation\, Lucas Heights\, NSW 2234\, Australia\n2 IMBL\, A ustralian Synchrotron\, Clayton\, VIC 3168\, Australia \n3 Gamma Technolog y Research Irradiator\, Lucas Heights\, NSW 2234\, Australia\n4 NSTLI Indu stry and Stakeholder Engagement\, Lucas Heights\, NSW 2234\, Australia\n\n https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4402/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4402/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:High-Resolution Macro ATR-FTIR Chemical Imaging Capability at Aust ralian Synchrotron Infrared Microspectroscopy (IRM) Beamline DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T010000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T011500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4324@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jitraporn (Pimm) Vongsvivut (Australian Synchrotron) \nThis presentation aims to provide a summary on technical aspects and app lications of our synchrotron macro ATR-FTIR microspectroscopy\, unique to the Infrared Microspectroscopy (IRM) beamline at ANSTO–Australian Synchr otron.1 The device was developed by modifying the cantilever arm of a stan dard macro-ATR unit to accept Ge-ATR elements. Coupling synchrotron-IR bea m to the Ge-ATR element (*n*=4)\, reduces the beam focus size by a factor of 4 (improving lateral resolution)\, and the mapping step size by 4 times relative to the stage step motion. As a result\, the macro ATR-FTIR measu rement at our IRM beamline can be performed at minimum projected aperture (sampling spot size) of 1-2 μm using a 20x objective\, and minimum mappin g step size of 250 nm\, allowing high-resolution chemical imaging analysis with the resolution limit beyond those allowed for standard synchrotron-F TIR transmission and reflectance setups. \n\nThe technique has facilitated many experiments in a diverse range of research disciplinary. Here\, ther e will be presentations based on macro ATR-FTIR technique in archaeology\, electrochemistry (battery)\, biomedical and forensic sciences. Apart from these\, we will provide additional applications in the fields of food and pharmaceutical science\,2-4 single-fibre analysis\,5-6 and dentistry.7\n\ n**References:**\n[1] J. Vongsvivut\, et al.\, *Analyst* **144**\, 10\, 32 26-323 (2019).\n[2] A.P. Pax\, et al.\, *Food Chemistry*\, **291**\, 214-2 22 (2019).\n[3] Y.P. Timilsena\, et al.\, *Food Chemistry*\, **275**\, 457 -466 (2019).\n[4] D.M. Silva\, et al.\, *Journal of Colloid and Interface Science*\, **587**\, 499-509 (2021).\n[5] S. Nunna\, et al.\, *Journal of Materials Chemistry A*\, **5**\, 7372-7382 (2017).\n[6] C. Haynl\, et al.\ , *Scientific Reports*\, **10**\, 17624 (2020).\n[7] P.V. Seredin\, et al. \, *International Journal of Molecular Sciences*\, **22**\, 6510 (2021).\n \nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4324/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4324/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:ACNS SAMPLE ENVIRONMENT UPDATE DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T004500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T010000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4317@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Rachel White (ANSTO)\nSince the last ANSTO User Meet ing the sample environment group at ACNS has supported our facility users with a range of unique developments and set ups. We have had a change in s tructure with the laboratory group forming and working alongside us. We wi ll report on the progress on our ongoing projects on Direct Laser Melting (DLM) deposition system co-funded by a NSW RAAP grant. Also underway are L IEF grants with equipment for use at ACNS\, one includes a rheometer for u se on ACNS beam instruments. \nThis presentation will also cover our new e quipment projects funded by the NCRIS RIIP scheme. This includes new cryof urnaces\, a new type of furnace\, a universal testing machine and other eq uipment. This funding will maintain and improve our existing capabilities and increase the redundancy across the SE suite to better service competin g requests.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions /4317/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4317/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:BioSAXS: The future of solution scattering at the Australian Synch rotron DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T003000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T004500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4316@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Christina Kamma-Lorger (ANSTO Australian Synchrotron )\nBioSAXS is one of the new beamlines to be constructed at the Australian Synchrotron within the BRIGHT program. The beamline is currently under co nstruction and it is scheduled to phase into user operations in mid-late 2 022. BioSAXS will be a high-flux (~5 x 1014 ph/sec) small angle X-ray scat tering beamline dedicated to all sorts of solution scattering including di spersions\, gels and soft matter\, covering a variety of disciplines from biology to chemistry and material sciences. The high flux of the beamline will provide enhanced data quality and kinetic resolution\, allowing for t ime-resolved studies on the millisecond timescale\, as well as the measure ment of weak scatterers and low concentrations that wouldn’t otherwise b e possible to measure. The in-vacuum detector system at the end station wi ll provide quick and highly automated camera changes\, a q range of ~0.001 5 – 3 Å-1 and low background in collected data. The CoFlow\, a pioneeri ng development of the Australian Synchrotron\, will be the primary autoloa ding device for high throughput experiments. Other sample environment opti ons will include a stopped-flow and rheometer\, temperature-controlled cap illary stages\, a shear cell as well as a versatile magnetic-array system\ , optimized for experiments on magnetic nanoparticles used in biomedical a pplications. The beamline’s sample platform will also accommodate the in stallation of user equipment. The objective of this presentation is to dem onstrate BioSAXS’ final design and capabilities that will allow it to de velop into a highly-automated and versatile beamline that can accommodate a wide-range of solution scattering experiments\, complementing the existi ng SAXS/WAXS beamline to ensure the world-leading capabilities of the SAXS offering at the Australian Synchrotron.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.o rg.au/event/146/contributions/4316/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4316/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:A study of the intrinsic background from the Beryllium Filter Spec trometer on Taipan DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T001500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T003000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4315@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Anton Stampfl (Australian Nuclear Science and Techno logy Organisation)\nThe Beryllium filter spectrometer on Taipan is a low-e nergy band-pass spectrometer that employs a number of materials to effecti vely scatter out neutrons of higher energies and transmit only neutrons in the energy range\, ef=1.2±0.5 meV. Here in this study the spectrometer r esponse is studied in order to understand and identify the inherent backgr ound from the spectrometer itself.\n\nAmbient air and nickel are used as s catterers in this study as the former gives a reasonable detection limit o f the spectrometer and the latter gives enough scatter to observe the inel astic signal but not too much to swamp out the inherent signal produced by the spectrometer itself. The background shape is found to be hull-like th at reflects the total scattering cross-sections of the filter materials th emselves and that of the copper cooling frame and the iron found in the st ainless steel collimator. Furthermore the detailed inelastic signals from the last set of Beryllium blocks next to the detector bank are identifiabl e as low intensity parts of the spectra. \n\nA simple experimental method using the collected spectra are used to identify features associated with scatter from the spectrometer and those from the sample under investigatio n which can then be used to potentially effectively strip-out the spectrom eter profile from collected spectra. Further work is discussed to minimise the scatter generated from the spectrometer filter blocks and frames in o rder to reduce the background to the ultimate minimum limit.\n\nhttps://ev ents01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4315/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4315/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:New developments in neutron imaging at DINGO DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T000000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T001500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4312@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Ulf Garbe (ANSTO)\nThe neutron radiography / tomogra phy / imaging instrument DINGO is operational since October 2014 to suppor t research at ANSTO. DINGO provides a useful tool to give a different insi ght into objects. A major part of applications from research and industria l users was demanding high resolution setup and fast scans on DINGO. The n eutron beam size can be adjusted to the sample size from 25 x 25 mm 2 to 200 x 200 mm 2 with a resulting pixel size from 12µm to ~100µm. Depen ding on the sample composition a full tomography has been taken in 10 minu te – 36 hours. During the recent OPAL long shutdown\, a new sapphire fil ter has been installed to reduce the amount of epithermal and fast neutron s at the sample position. These high energy neutrons do not contribute to the image\, only as noise\, and increasing the radiation levels around the CMOS camera. This update will improve the image quality as well as the re liability of the whole instrument. \nIn addition\, we implement a new type of neutron tomography scan to address long samples like in drill cores. T hese samples can now be scanned horizontal up two 1.2 meter in length. For small core sizes we can run up to three cores in one scan\, which makes D INGO a very competitive instrument for fast high throughput imaging.\nA ne w software package for 3D reconstruction has been developed as well. It is an open source package based on the python toolbox “tomopy” with a GU I custom made for DINGO to enable users to run the reconstruction on their own computing environment.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/1 46/contributions/4312/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4312/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Small Angle Neutron Scattering Capability at ANSTO DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T234500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T000000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4309@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Kathleen Wood (Australian Nuclear Science and Techno logy Organisation)\nThe ANSTO Lucas Heights campus is home to three world- class small angle neutron scattering (SANS) instruments: Bilby\, a time-of -flight SANS instrument [1]\, Kookaburra\, an Ultra-Small Angle Neutron sc attering instrument [2] and Quokka\, a monochromatic SANS instrument [3]. Together they cover the structure of materials from 1 nm to > 20 microns. As well as recent scientific highlights\, we here outline the updates fr om the group since the last ANSTO user meeting\, notably:\n- The replaceme nt of our lab-based small angle X-ray instrument with a state-of-the-art i nstrument along with a range of dedicated sample environments\, currently being procured and due for installation early 2022.\n- The new rheometer f or in-situ measurements on the three neutron instruments.\n- Our recently developed GiSANS setup\, funded by the National Synchrotron Radiation Rese arch Center.\n\n\n\n\n[1] A. Sokolova\, A. E. Whitten\, L. de Campo\, J. C hristoforidis\, A. Eltobaji\, J. Barnes\, F. Darmann and A. Berry\, Perfor mance and characteristics of the BILBY time-of-flight small-angle neutron scattering instrument\, J Appl Crystallogr\, 2019\, 52\, 1-12.\n[2] Rehm\, C.\; Campo\, L. d.\; Brûlé\, A.\; Darmann\, F.\; Bartsch\, F.\; Berry\, A.\, Design and performance of the variable-wavelength Bonse–Hart ultra -small-angle neutron scattering diffractometer KOOKABURRA at ANSTO. J Appl Crystallogr\, 2018\, 51 (1)\, 1-8.\n[3] K. Wood\, J. P. Mata\, C. J. Garv ey\, C. M. Wu\, W. A. Hamilton\, P. Abbeywick\,[..] and E. P. Gilbert\, QU OKKA\, the pinhole small-angle neutron scattering instrument at the OPAL R esearch Reactor\, Australia: design\, performance\, operation and scientif ic highlights\, J Appl Crystallogr\, 2018\, 51\, 294-314.\n\nhttps://even ts01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4309/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4309/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Micro-Computed Tomography (MCT) beamline at ANSTO/Australian Synch rotron: A progress report DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T034500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T040000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4330@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Andrew Stevenson (Australian Synchrotron)\nThe Micro -Computed Tomography (MCT) beamline is one of the first new beamlines to b e constructed at the Australian Synchrotron as part of the BRIGHT program. MCT will complement the existing X-ray imaging/tomography capability pro vided by the Imaging and Medical Beamline (IMBL)\, and will target applica tions requiring higher (sub-micron) spatial resolution and involving small er samples. MCT will be a bending-magnet beamline\, operating in the 8 to 40 keV range\, based on a double-multilayer monochromator. Filtered whit e and pink beams will also be available\, the latter utilising a single-(v ertical)bounce mirror. MCT will benefit from X-ray phase-contrast modalit ies (such as propagation-based\, grating-based and speckle) in addition to conventional absorption contrast\, and be equipped with a robotic stage f or rapid sample exchange. A higher-resolution CT configuration based on t he use of a Fresnel zone plate system will also be available. A number of sample environmental stages\, such as for high temperature and the applic ation of loads\, are planned in collaboration with certain groups in the u ser community.\n\nAnticipated application areas for non-destructive 3D sam ple characterisation include biomedical/ health science\, food\, materials science\, and palaeontology. This presentation will provide an update on the progress of the MCT project\, including the procurement of three stat e-of-the-art X-ray detector systems\, and the significant scientific-compu ting effort required to meet the demands of this high-performance imaging beamline.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4 330/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4330/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:refnx - The Next Generation of Reflectometry Analysis Software DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T033000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T034500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4323@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Andrew Nelson (ANSTO)\nrefnx [1] is a next generatio n reflectometry analysis package\, building on its predecessor\, Motofit. It has undergone a large amount of collaborative development over the last five years\, introducing innovative features that greatly aid the nationa l and international neutron and X-ray reflectometry community:\n\n - a Ba yesian statistics core with comprehensive uncertainty analyses and model s election ("how many layers can the data justify").\n - quantitative intro duction of prior information into the modelling system (information known from other sources)\n - modular construction of structural models\, rangi ng from a basic Slab up to freeform SLD profiles and Lipid membrane leafle ts. These components are easily extensible.\n - co-refinement of multiple contrast datasets.\n - mixed Area models.\n - Python based with analyse s performed in Jupyter notebooks or a Qt GUI.\n\nHere we give a brief intr oduction to how these aspects advance the reflectometry technique. In addi tion\, refnx is designed to enable reproducible research. We also discuss what reproducible research means in the context of a neutron scattering st udy\, outlining how this is achieved with refnx\, and how these practices could (should) be taken up by neutron scatterers in general.\n\n[1] Nelson \, Andrew RJ\, and Stuart W. Prescott. "refnx: neutron and X-ray reflectom etry analysis in Python." Journal of applied crystallography 52.1 (2019): 193-200.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/43 23/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4323/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:X-ray dark-field imaging without optics DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T031500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T033000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4322@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Thomas Leatham (Monash University)\nX-ray image cont rast can be generated via three mechanisms: (i) attenuation\, (ii) phase c ontrast and (iii) most recently\, the dark-field signal\, which arises due to the incoherent scattering of the incident x-ray wavefield by unresolve d sub-pixel features (microstructure) present in the sample. These contras t mechanisms can be realised using emerging x-ray imaging techniques\, suc h as analyser-based and grid-based imaging\, each of which require the use of specialised optics and carefully aligned setups. In this work\, we fo cus on a technique which has not been used to capture quantitative dark-fi eld contrast – propagation-based imaging. Propagation-based imaging requ ires no specialist optics and operates on the principle that phase variati ons induced in the x-ray wavefield by the sample manifest as intensity var iations at the detector plane\, some metres downstream\, due to the self-i nterference of the wavefield. We describe a new approach to analysing pro pagation-based images\, derived from the x-ray Fokker-Planck Equation\, wh ich enables dark-field images to be extracted. All that is required is tw o exposures\, captured at two different propagation distances\, which enab le our algorithm to separate phase and dark-field effects to recover sampl e thickness and microstructure distribution. We demonstrate\, using images captured at the Australian Synchrotron’s Imaging and Medical Beamline\, that it is possible to capture dark-field images without having to introd uce specialised optics or spend extensive time on optics alignment. This new technique could be applied to study biomedical microstructures\, like the alveoli in the lung\, or manufactured parts\, capturing porosity or ca rbon fibre.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions /4322/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4322/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Precision Measurement of the Complex Fine Structure at the Austral ian Synchrotron DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T030000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T031500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4321@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Tony Kirk (La Trobe University)\nCurrent application s of X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) to low absorbing samples such as ultra-thin films in semiconductor and nano-devices have been limited. T his is expected to not be the case for the phase component of the fine str ucture as it is generally orders of magnitude larger than the absorption c omponent in the x-ray regime. Here\, we present details of precision measu rements of both the phase and absorption components of the atomic fine str ucture across the K-edge of thin copper and iron foils. The experiments ap plied Fourier Transform Holography with an extended reference in spectrosc opy mode and were conducted at the XFM and the SAXS/WAXS beamlines of the Australian Synchrotron. The results provide critical experimental benchmar k for further theoretical development and has potential to delve into the phase equivalent of XAFS related techniques.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotr on.org.au/event/146/contributions/4321/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4321/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:KOALA 2: Implications for magnetic structural and exotic studies DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T013500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T015000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4385@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Ross Piltz (ACNS\, ANSTO)\nThe KOALA single-crystal diffractometer has now been operating for more than a decade and is now ne aring retirement (mid-2022). The technical improvements of the new KOALA 2 diffractometer\, and the implications for conventional chemical crystallo graphy are described in separate presentations at this meeting.\nIn this p resentation we will present the implications for less conventional studies \, such as: magnetic structures\; incommensurate and other complex structu res\; very small samples\; high-pressure experiments\; studies over many t emperatures\; various preparatory studies of inelastic and diffuse scatter ing.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4385/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4385/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Update on Polarised Neutron Capabilities at the Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T012000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T013500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4327@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Andrew Manning (ANSTO)\nThe Australian Centre for Ne utron Scattering offers neutron polarisation capabilities which are compat ible with six different neutron scattering instruments\, using a combinati on of polarising supermirrors and $^3$He cell spin filters. An overview o f these capabilities will be given\, followed by a description of some rec ent experiments which make use of a variety of these capabilities on instr uments\, including the cold triple-axis spectrometer Sika\, and the small- angle neutron scattering instrument Quokka with a recently-commissioned 7 T compensated vertical magnet. Finally\, current and future work to expand capabilities will be outlined\, such as a new system for polarisation ana lysis experiments with magnetic fields controlled in 3D for the time-of-fl ight spectrometer Pelican which will soon be offered to the user community \, and a bespoke 0.5 T horizontal magnet system for the thermal triple-axi s spectrometer Taipan.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/co ntributions/4327/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4327/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Total Scattering Measurements at the Australian Synchrotron Powder Diffraction Beamline: Capabilities and Limitations DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T010500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T012000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4326@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Anita D'Angelo (Australian Synchrotron)\nThe PD beam line at the Australian Synchrotron (ANSTO) consistently receives requests to carry out total scattering experiments for various materials including battery electrodes\, piezoelectrics and coordination frameworks. In this s tudy we describe the capabilities and limitations of carrying out total sc attering experiments on the Powder Diffraction beamline. A maximum instrum ent momentum transfer of 19 Å-1 can be achieved. Our results detail how t he pair distribution function is affected by Qmax\, absorption\, and count ing time duration at the PD beamline. We also trial a variable counting ti me strategy using the Mythen II detector. Refined structural parameters ex emplify how the PDF is affected by these parameters. Total scattering expe riments can be carried out at PD although there are limitations. These are : (1) only measurements on stable systems and at non-ambient conditions is possible if the temperature is held during data collection\, (2) it is es sential to dilute highly absorbing samples (µR>1)\, and (3) only correlat ion lengths >0.35 Å may be resolved. A case study comparing the PDF atom- atom correlation lengths with EXAFS derived radial distances of Ni and Pt nanoparticles is also presented\, which shows good agreement between the t wo techniques. The results here can be used as a guide for researchers con sidering total scattering experiments at the PD beamline.\n\nhttps://event s01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4326/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4326/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Quantifying the x-ray dark-field signal in single-grid imaging DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T005000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T010500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4319@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Ying Ying How ()\nX-ray imaging has progressed in re cent decades to capture not only a conventional attenuation image\, but al so a ‘phase-contrast’ image that visualises those features that are di fficult to see with attenuation. More recently\, techniques have been dev eloped to capture a ‘dark-field’ signal. The dark-field signal is gene rated by ultra-small-angle x-ray scattering from unresolved sample feature s\, such as bubbles\, powders or fibres\, providing information about samp le microstructure that is inaccessible using full-field conventional or ph ase-contrast x-ray imaging. Dark-field imaging can be useful in a range of fields\, including medical diagnosis\, materials science and airport scre ening. \n\nSingle-grid imaging is an emerging x-ray imaging technique that only requires one optical element – a grid or\, in the speckle-based va riant\, a piece of sandpaper. The grid or sandpaper generate a reference p attern that is warped and blurred when the sample is introduced\, revealin g phase and dark-field respectively. This technique is suitable for dynami c imaging since the three complementary image signals can be extracted fro m single sample exposure\, unlike previous methods. Until now\, this techn ique has primarily been applied in phase-contrast imaging.\n\nIn this work \, we derive a method to extract and quantify a dark-field signal from sin gle-grid imaging\, relating the signal to the number of sample microstruct ures. We also apply our method of analysis to images captured at the Austr alian Synchrotron’s Imaging and Medical Beamline to evaluate how our mea surements align with theoretical predictions. Future directions include in vestigating how the sample microstructure size affects the dark-field sign al strength.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contribution s/4319/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4319/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:The Imaging and Medical Beamline is expanding DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T003500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T005000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4314@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Daniel Hausermann (Australian Synchrotron (ANSTO))\n Synchrotron radiation has many advantages\, but it is also flawed. And its biggest flaw happens to be its fundamental intrinsic property! The radiat ion is emitted in the plane of the stored beam and we are stuck with the i nfamous ‘letterbox door’ beam profile. At least when not tinkering wit h focused undulator beams.\nIn clinical imaging research\, this beam shape is a serious disadvantage. In fact\, when compared with the field of view of commercial medical imaging devices\, it is often the showstopper when engaging with a clinician to discuss medical application of the IMBL.\nSo how will we image human patients in 2022\, as part of our world leading re search project in breast CT imaging and cancer detection? Our vertical ‘letter box opening’ at 135 meter is 3 cm\, at 35 keV\, with a roll of f of 50%. This is far from ideal for imaging the breasts of a patient lyin g in a prone position on our robotic positioning and scanning stage. Conse quently\, we have designed and tested a Bragg-Bragg beam expander to be pl aced downstream of our double-bent-Laue primary monochromator. The net res ult is an 8 cm vertical beam profile at 135 meter\, with minimal roll off\ , to match the vertical field of view of our new EIGER2 CdTe X 3M clinical detector.\nThis paper will present the design of our beam expander and th e results of our in-air tests. This device will be installed in vacuum in the next machine shutdown.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/14 6/contributions/4314/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4314/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:How to take a perfect image with DINGO DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T002000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T003500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4311@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Vili Grigorova (Macquarie University)\nNeutron tomog raphy is a powerful non-destructive technique used to study the internal s tructure of opaque objects. Neutron images are obtained by exposing an obj ect to a uniform neutron beam. The transmitted neutrons interact with a ph osphor which converts from neutrons to visible light\, which is then demag nified on to a CCD camera.\nThe modulation transfer function (MTF) is rout inely used to determine the sharpness of an image\, i.e. the ability of th e imaging system to transfer information from an object to an image. The s patial frequency (SF) is the rate of transition between light and dark fea tures in the image. For a perfect system where all of the frequency infor mation is passed from object to image equally\, the MTF of the will be 1 o r 100% for all spatial frequencies and all features and contrast in the ob ject will be transferred to the image.\nWe performed a series of measureme nts to optimise the time necessary to obtain high-resolution radiographs w ith the DINGO instrument. We determined the MTF over a range of experiment al conditions to understand the various contributions of DINGO’s imaging system variables to radiograph resolution. The system components varied i n this study are the two beam modes\, different scintillator screens\, and pixel resolution of different cameras and lenses. We also compared the di fferent exposure times of the object to the neutron beam to try to underst and the minimum exposure time that will generate good resolution radiograp hs. \nDetails of the use of this method for determining the quality of a neutron tomographic imaging system will be presented and the MTF data will be used to determine the optimal operating arrangement.\n\nhttps://events 01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4311/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4311/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:From Niche to Mainstream: Ptychography Comes of Age. DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T000000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T002000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4399@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Michael Jones (QUT)\nIn the space of a few short yea rs\, ptychography has moved from a niche method1\,2 to emerging as a mains tream technique for user science3\,4. Until recently\, ptychography requir ed significant expert user experience to collect and reconstruct useable d ata\, with a field of view often limited to a small area (such as a singl e cell)5 by data collection and reconstruction limitations6. Now however\, ptychography data can be collected at high speed7 complementary to modern X-ray fluorescence fly-scanning8\, with data-pipelines providing results within a few hours using GPU enabled reconstruction algorithms9. These adv ances allow ptychography to be applied to larger areas and sample replicat es10\, allowing statistically significant user science to be done in a rea sonable timeframe while simultaneously collecting X-ray fluorescence data1 1-13. In this presentation\, I highlight key milestones on the ptychograph y journey as it makes its way into the mainstream\, as well as looking tow ards the future.\n\nMichael W. M. Jones1\, Grant A. van Riessen2\,3\, Chri stoph E. Schrank4\, Nicholas W. Phillips5\, Gerard N. Hinsley2\, Martin D. de Jonge6\, Cameron M. Kewish2\,6\n\n1Central Analytical Research Facilit y\, Queensland University of Technology\, Brisbane QLD 4000\, Australia\n2 Department of Chemistry and Physics\, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sci ence\, La Trobe University\, Bundoora VIC 3086\, Australia\n3Melbourne Cen tre for Nanofabrication\, Clayton VIC 3168\, Australia\n4School of Earth a nd Atmospheric Sciences\, Faculty of Science\, Queensland University of Te chnology\, Brisbane QLD 4000\, Australia\n5Paul Scherrer Institut\, 5232 V illigen PSI\, Switzerland\n6Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Orga nisation\, Australian Synchrotron\, Clayton VIC 3168\, Australia\n\nhttps: //events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4399/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4399/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:High-resolution high throughput thermal neutron tomographic imagin g of fossiliferous cave breccias from Sumatra DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T053500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T055000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4303@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Holly Ellen Smith (Griffith University)\nWe employ h igh-throughput thermal-neutron tomographic imaging to visualise internal d iagnostic features of dense fossiliferous breccia from three Pleistocene c ave localities in Sumatra\, Indonesia. We demonstrate that these seemingly homogeneous breccias are an excellent source of data to aid in determinin g taphonomic and depositional histories of complex depositional sites such as tropical caves. X-ray Computed Tomographic (CT) imaging is gaining imp ortance amongst palaeontologists as a non-destructive approach to studying fossil remains. Traditional methods of fossil preparation risk damage to the specimen and may destroy contextual evidence in the surrounding matrix . CT imaging can reveal the internal composition and structure of fossils contained within consolidated sediment/rock matrices prior to any destruct ive mechanical or chemical preparation. Neutron tomography (NT) provides a n alternative contrast to X-rays\, and in some circumstances\, is capable of discerning denser matrices impenetrable to or yielding no contrast with CT imaging. High throughput neutron imaging reduces neutron fluence durin g scanning which means there is less residual neutron-induced radioactivat ion in geological samples\; allowing for earlier subsequent analyses. Howe ver\, this approach remains unutilised in palaeontology\, archaeology or g eological surveys. Results suggest that the primary agents in the formatio n of the breccias and concentration of incorporated vertebrate remains are several rapid depositional phases of water and sediment gravity flow. Thi s study highlights the potential for future analyses of breccia deposits i n palaeontological studies in caves around the world.\n\nhttps://events01. synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4303/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4303/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Cuatros Amigos- the four stromatolites in a row. The first 3D imag e of the oldest evidence of life in the geologic record DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T052000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T053500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4302@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Michaela J Dobson (The University of Auckland\, ANST O)\nThe 3.48 Ga Dresser Formation\, Pilbara Craton\, Western Australia pro vides the Earth’s most convincing evidence of early life through a diver se array of biosignatures. However\, identifying biosignatures in Archean rocks is difficult due to billions of years of erosion\, deformation\, and metamorphic alteration. Characterisation of community-accepted biosignatu res also remains challenging\, particularly the robustness of textural bio signatures as indicators of early life in Archean rocks. The textural bio signatures identified in the Dresser Formation are identified in surface o utcrops that are weathered. Therefore\, in May 2019\, fresh Dresser deposi ts were drilled to aid in a better understanding of these ancient biosigna tures and to provide validity to a biogenic origin.\n\nThree well-preserve d cores of 5-30 m thickness and 8 cm in diameter were extracted from ~70 m beneath the land surface. The cores provide excellent preservation of bio signatures\, including the preservation of fossilized\, pyritized\, stroma tolites. One stromatolite horizon within the core exhibits extraordinary m orphological structures. Here we present preliminary results of the 3D geo metry of these fossil stromatolites. 3D structures were obtained using the neutron imaging station DINGO at ANSTO. A full tomography of a first samp le has been scanned with 1896 projection with an angular step of 0.19° an d an exposure time of 60 seconds per projection. The data was reconstructe d using filtered backprojection technique with Pydingo (a free in-house de veloped python toolbox). 3D-rendering was done with VG-Studio. This horizo n aids in better defining the biogenicity of these textural biosignatures. \n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4302/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4302/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Use of high-resolution technologies to understand the broken past DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T023000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T025000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4393@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Ingrid Ward (University of Western Australia)\nOur u nderstanding of material culture and past environmental contexts have been utterly transformed over the last two decades by new and greatly improved scientific methods. Innovative investigations revolve around refinement o f methods for chronological dating\, characterization and provenancing\, b ioarchaeology\, geoarchaeology and the emerging sub-discipline of cyber-ar chaeology. As ever\, when dealing with the past\, 'meaning' remains more d ifficult and we are always be limited by what little we can know. With th e help of multi-scalar\, high-resolution techniques\, there at least exist s potential for useful and even groundbreaking information to be retrieved from material culture\, the absence of which might inhere a sense of doub t. This talk will illustrate some applications of science and technology that are proving valuable in Australian archaeology\, drawing from my own studies at ANSTO and the Australian Synchrotron as well as other novel mul ti-scientific projects. At the heart of these is an interdisciplinary app roach and an aim to provide the most accurate understanding of the dynamic past from what is often a very fragmentary record.\n\nhttps://events01.sy nchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4393/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4393/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Understanding the generation and evolution of reaction-induced por osity in the replacement of calcite by gypsum: A combined microscopy\, X-r ay micro-tomography\, and USANS/SANS study DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T030500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T032000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4307@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Muhammet Kartal (Murdoch University)\nFluid-mediated mineral replacement reactions are common in natural systems and are essen tial for geological and engineering processes. In these reactions\, a prim ary mineral is replaced by a product mineral via a mechanism called couple d dissolution-reprecipitation. This mechanism leads to the preservation of the shape of the primary mineral into the product mineral. The product mi neral includes reaction-induced porosity contributing to enhanced permeabi lity\, which is crucial for the replacement reaction to progress from the surface to the core of the primary mineral grain. These reaction-induced p ores are complex in size\, shape and connectivity\, and can evolve with ti me. However\, the mechanisms of the creation and evolution of such pores a re still poorly understood. Therefore\, we investigated the replacement of calcite (CaCO3) by gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O) to understand porosity creation in the replacement stage and the evolution of such porosity after complete r eplacement. This replacement reaction is important for the applications su ch as groundwater reservoir evaluation\, CO2 sequestration\, cultural heri tage preservation\, and acid mine drainage remediation. Samples collected at various reaction stages over 18 months were characterised by ultra-smal l-angle neutron scattering and small-angle neutron scattering (USANS/SANS) \, ultra-high-resolution electron microscopy (UHR-SEM)\, and X-ray micro-c omputed tomography (X-μCT). Results show the formation of micro-voids in the core of the gypsum grain and the generation of nanometre-sized elongat ed pores in the newly formed gypsum crystals. Micrometre-sized pores were mostly open\, while pores smaller than 30 nm were mainly closed. After com plete replacement\, continued porosity coarsening occurred in the 18 month s’ time\, driven by Ostwald ripening.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.or g.au/event/146/contributions/4307/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4307/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Leaving a mark on forensic science: Using synchrotron microscopy a nd spectroscopy to explore fingermark chemistry DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T025000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T030500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4306@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Rhiannon Boseley (Curtin University)\nFingermarks ar e an important tool in forensic investigations however\, a large number ar e not successfully recovered and are never used as evidence.(1) A signific ant challenge in their detection is the chemical variability of fingermark deposits. This research aims to answer important questions in fingermark chemistry using synchrotron sourced analysis including x-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM)\, infrared microspectroscopy (IRM) and THz-Far infrared ( Far-IR) spectroscopy to deepen the understanding of fingermark residue and improve recovery methods. \n\nFirst\, what is the chemical composition of a fingermark? We explored the distribution of inorganic material using XF M to discriminate between the endogenous and exogenous metals present in a natural fingermark\, with multimodal studies using IRM connecting this di stribution to the organic material.(2\,3) Further investigation of the tra nsfer and persistence of exogenous metals demonstrated how handling differ ent metal objects can affect fingermark chemistry\, suggesting daily activ ities can influence the material present in a fingermark. \nSecond\, what happens to this material as the fingermarks age? The material deposited i n a fingermark is not static and changes over time\, with the rate of chan ge being influenced by the environment and surface. We have directly image d the rate of change post deposition using IRM\, demonstrating the dehydra tion of hydrophilic material in a fingermark droplet over time. To volumet rically measure this rate of change we have measured the water evaporating off a fingermark in the gas phase using Far-IR\, providing important insi ght into the water content in fingermark residue. \n\n1. S. Chadwick et al . Forensic Science International\, 2018\, 289\, 381-389.\n2. B. N. Dorakum bura et al. Analyst\, 2018\, 143\, 4027-4039.\n3. R. E. Boseley et al. Ana lytical Chemistry\, 2019\, 91\, 10622-10630.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotr on.org.au/event/146/contributions/4306/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4306/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Pioneer plant driven primary mineral weathering and secondary mine ral formation in Fe ore tailings DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T050500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T052000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4308@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Songlin Wu (The University of Queensland)\nEco-engin eering tailings into soil-like substrates is an emerging technology to reh abilitate the tailings landscapes. Pioneer plants play an important role i n mineral weathering and secondary mineral formation\, which are pre-requi sites for aggregate formation and pedogenesis in the tailings. The present study aimed to characterise the direct role of pioneer plant roots in tai ling mineral weathering and secondary mineral formation in a compartmented cultivation system [1]. It was found that root activities accelerated the weathering of Fe bearing primary minerals (e.g.\, biotite) via Fe(II) oxi dation coupled with Fe(III) and Si dissolution. Numerous nanosized Fe-Si r ich amorphous minerals and vermiculite were neo-formed in the tailings sub ject to rhizosphere activities\, as revealed by various micro-spectroscopi c analysis. The Fe-Si rich secondary amorphous minerals may have resulted from co-precipitation of dissolved Fe(III) and Si on mineral surfaces unde r alkaline and circumneutral pH conditions. The roots of Gramineae plant S orghum spp. developed most extensively in the tailings\, leading to more e fficient mineral weathering and secondary mineral formation than Halophyte plant Atriplex amnicola and Leguminous plant Acacia chisholmii. Overall\, the study has unravelled the pioneer plant role in tailing mineral (bioti te dominant) weathering and secondary Fe-Si mineral formation. These findi ngs also indicate that tolerant pioneer plants may act as integral compone nts in designing the eco-engineering processes for soil formation in Fe or e tailings.\nReferences:\n[1] Wu\, S.\, Liu\, Y.\, ... & Huang\, L. (2021) . Rhizosphere Drives Biotite-Like Mineral Weathering and Secondary Fe–Si Mineral Formation in Fe Ore Tailings. ACS Earth and Space Chemistry\, 5(3 )\, 618-631.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contribution s/4308/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4308/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:The structure and spectroscopy of solid propanal: A potential mine ral for planetary astrobiology DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T045000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T050500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4305@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Courtney Ennis (University of Otago)\nAldehydes are considered an important species toward astrobiology\, acting as a primary reagent for the Strecker synthesis of amino acids in aqueous media. Howeve r\, within the cold\, icy surfaces of planetary bodies and interstellar du st particles\, chemical reactions that lead to these biological-building b locks can still unfold. Here\, "non-thermal equilibrium" chemistry is driv en by harsh radiation environments\, which produce populations of radicals and charged species in the icy matrix. It is these short-lived intermedia tes that then on-react with ammonia and cyanides to form of higher-order o rganics.\n\nFor the possible detection of proteinogenic amino acids in spa ce environments it is important to first locate their more abundant amino acid precursors. However\, only formaldehyde and acetaldehyde has been obs erved by telescope and spacecraft reconnaissance to date. The search for o ther simple aldehydes has been hampered by a general lack of fundamental d ata including crystal structure and spectroscopic signatures.\n\nIn a comb ined neutron scattering (ANSTO Wombat Instrument) and x-ray diffraction st udy\, we have determined the crystal structure of propanal (CH3CH2CHO)-und er planetary ice surface conditions-for the first time. This new structure allowed for the DFT simulation of its vibrational frequencies\, which was then applied to assign its far-infrared spectrum collected at the Austral ian Synchrotron THz Beamline. This critical structural and spectroscopic d ata will enable the search for this species during future surveys and spac ecraft exploration of distant icy worlds in our quest to uncover the molec ular origins-of-life.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/con tributions/4305/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4305/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:From deep time to the present: An exploration of Aboriginal connec tions to South Australia’s Riverland region DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T043000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T045000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4304@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Amy Roberts (Flinders University)\nThis keynote addr ess will explore a range of cultural heritage projects relating to collabo rations between ANSTO\, Flinders University and the River Murray and Malle e Aboriginal Corporation. From rare artefacts to earthen cooking mounds an d ancient shell middens this presentation considers the contribution of ra diocarbon dating within a broader research program that has investigated A boriginal connections to Country from deep time to the present in South Au stralia’s Riverland region.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event /146/contributions/4304/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4304/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:One layer at a time: Unlocking Novel Materials and Structures for Neutron Radiation Environments through Additive Manufacturing DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T054000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T055500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4383@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jonathan Knott (University of Wollongong)\nThe UOW-A NSTO Seed Funding program is an initiative aimed at encouraging new collab orations between researchers at the University of Wollongong and ANSTO - b ringing together teams with diverse and complementary skillsets to tackle questions that require multi-disciplinary approaches. \n\nIn 2019\, a team of researchers from ANSTO's Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering (ACN S)\, UOW's Australian Institute for Innovative Materials (AIIM) and the Tr anslational Research Initiative for Cell Engineering and Printing (TRICEP) came together to tackle the question “*Can the structures and materials made possible by additive manufacturing enable novel solutions for neutro n radiation environments?*”\n\nTo explore this question\, we undertook a ctivities in three themes:\n\n - **THEME 1** – Polymers for neutron shie lding and collimation\n - **THEME 2** – Low-hydrogen polymers for neutro n sample environments\n - **THEME 3** – Metals and alloys for neutron sa mple environments\n\nThis presentation will discuss activities undertaken in these themes\, including:\n \n - **THEME 1**: investigating novel boron nitride/polyurethane materials developed by the UOW for use in neutron sh ielding and collimation applications via experiments on the Taipan\, Pelic an\, Bilby and Platypus facilities at ANSTO\; \n - **THEME 2**: the develo pment of a custom low-hydrogen polymer (FEP) printing apparatus and optimi sed print procedure\, to our knowledge one of the first such facilities. T his has resulted in the production of low-hydrogen sample holders for use in ANSTO neutron environments\; and \n - **THEME 3**: leveraging the world -class facilities and expertise in metal additive manufacturing at TRICEP to produce 'sample can' components in titanium and aluminium for validatio n and as a platform for future customised sample environment devices.\n\nT his presentation will also discuss possibilities and future plans for work in this exciting area.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/c ontributions/4383/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4383/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Radiation test of Rad-Hard ICs for space applications DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T052500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T054000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4381@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jafar Shojaii (The University of Melbourne)\nConvent ional Integrated Circuits (IC) are highly sensitive to radiation effects a nd can operate only in environments with a very low level of radiation. Hi gh radiation environments such as space need custom-designed ICs with dedi cated radiation-hardened architectures. Our research is focused on the dev elopment and test of radiation-hardened ICs in nanoscale and ultra-low-pow er semiconductor technologies for high radiation environments such as in s pace and particle physics experiments. The University of Melbourne and Ans to developed a strategic collaboration to enable the ANSTO's heavy ion mic roprobe beamline for radiation test of custom-designed ICs for space appli cations. In our presentation\, we provide an overview of our collaboration outcome and our roadmap for further developments in future.\n\nhttps://ev ents01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4381/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4381/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:The use of variable temperature synchrotron XRD to characterise th e behaviour of low temperature solder alloys DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T051000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T052500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4337@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Qichao Hao (The University of Queensland)\nDuring th e soldering process and the daily operation of the electronic devices\, so lder alloys experience temperature variation frequently. The mismatch in v olume expansion of the solder alloys and the interconnected components can result in stresses which lead to failure. In a solder alloy system with h igh solubility of one element in another\, the effects of thermal expansio n and temperature dependent solubility limits are both important contribut ing factors to the thermally induced volume changes. In this study\, Sn-57 wt%Bi and Sn-37wt%Bi alloys which are promising materials for low-temperat ure solders were investigated by in-situ heating synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) to reveal the changes of the lattice parameters of Sn a nd Bi. \nThe lattice parameters were derived by the Rietveld refinement of the PXRD patterns using TOPAS Academic V6 and following analyzed by the C oefficient of Thermal Expansion Analysis Suite (CTEAS) package using a ten sor method to get the coefficient of the thermal expansion (CTE). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were adopted to reveal the influence of the solid solution of Bi (or βSn) on the lattice parameters of βSn (o r Bi)\, thereby decoupling the effects of thermal expansion and solid solu tion of Bi (or βSn) on the thermally induced volume change of βSn (or Bi ).\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4337/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4337/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:In-situ X-ray imaging of transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding in s older joints DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T045500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T051000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4336@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Nurul Razliana Abdul Razak (The University of Queens land)\nThe demand for Pb-free solder interconnections that can operate rel iably at high service temperatures has motivated the development of transi ent liquid phase (TLP) bonding as an alternative soldering method. The cap ability of TLP bonding to be processed at a lower temperature while creati ng a joint composed of high melting temperature intermetallic compounds (I MCs) makes it a promising method. Sn/Cu-based systems are commonly used in electronic packaging due to their low melting point and cost benefits. Ho wever\, the slow kinetics of the IMC growth and uncontrolled formation of porosity in Sn/Cu-based systems remain challenging issues in practical app lications. The addition of Ni to the Cu substrate can minimize the time re quired for TLP bonding . In this study\, the rapid growth of (Cu\,Ni)6Sn5 during TLP bonding of Cu-Ni/Sn-0.7Cu/Cu-Ni joints was observed in real-tim e using the synchrotron X-ray microradiography technique at BL20XU beamlin e at SPring-8 Synchrotron\, Japan. The joints were constructed to be appro ximately 100 μm thick to facilitate X-ray transmission and clamped in bet ween silica slides to facilitate X-ray transmission and held isothermally at 240 °C bonding until the reaction was completed. The formation of voi ds and cracks and the kinetics of the TLP soldering process were investiga ted using a monochromatised X-ray energy of 21 keV. These firsthand observ ations contributed to a better understanding of the creation and distribut ion of porosity\, which will aid in the development of high reliablility T LP bonding techniques for the production of high-temperature interconnecti ons.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4336/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4336/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Thermal evolution in metals as revealed by in-situ neutron diffrac tion DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T044000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T045500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4333@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Klaus-Dieter Liss (GTIIT)\nThe thermal evolution in metals plays an utmost important role in thermo-mechanical processing. Lat tice expansion not only reveals conventional thermal expansion but moreove r gives insight to order parameters\, change of chemical composition and p ressure. Peak widths reveal microstructural changes\, as well as texture e volution\, while primary extinction can be used to study defect mechanisms . Quantifying anisotropic and phase related expansion mismatch allows to d esign alloys with better mechanical properties. Here I give an overview w ith selected examples on bulk zirconium alloys\, aluminium alloys. Focus will be given on materials after severe plastic deformation\, in which dif ferent states of thermal stress relaxation\, microstructural recovery and recrystallization can be distinguished.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.or g.au/event/146/contributions/4333/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4333/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:New insight in corrosion mechanisms of nuclear fuel cladding using synchrotron x-rays DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T042000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T044000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4391@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Michael Preuss (Monash University)\nIn water-cooled nuclear reactors zirconium alloys have been the material of choice to enca psulate the fuel due to a combination of low neutron cross-section\, excel lent corrosion performance and good mechanical properties. However\, fuel cladding performance\, or our ability to predict its performance\, remains the limiting factor in an effort to push for increased fuel burnup\, i.e. the energy extracted from a fuel assembly before it is removed from the c ore.\nAqueous corrosion\, and the associated hydrogen pick up\, remains on e of the limiting factors to take nuclear fuel assemblies to higher fuel b urnup. Even slight variation in alloy chemistry is known to greatly affect the corrosion performance of a Zr-alloy. Michael will discuss the applica tion of synchrotron x-ray diffraction and scattering techniques together w ith other advanced characterisation techniques to provide new understandin g of the integrity and therefore passivation capability of the oxide that forms during aqueous corrosion.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/eve nt/146/contributions/4391/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4391/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Magnetic Nanochain Formation Studied by Small-Angle Scattering DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T033000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T034500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4249@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Lester Barnsley (ANSTO)\nSelf-assembly of magnetic n anoparticles is of interest due to the broad range of applications in mate rial science and biomedical engineering. Parameters that affect self-assem bly in nanoparticles include particle size\, the applied magnetic field pr ofile\, concentration and synthesis routines. A range of different sizes o f magnetic nanoparticles between 5 and 27 nm were investigated using polar ized small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) at the KWS-1 instrument operate d by the Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ) in Garching\, Germany and the Quokka instrument operated by the Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering (ACNS) at ANSTO in Lucas Hei ghts\, Australia. Iron oxide nanoparticles were dispersed in toluene and m easured at room temperature in applied fields between ±2.2 T. The observe d self-assembly strongly depended on both nanoparticle size and applied fi eld. For smaller particles (diameter ≤ 20 nm) there was no indication of self-assembly\, while 27 nm nanoparticles assemble into linear chains eve n in low concentrations (0.42% v/v) and low field (4 mT).\n\nThe magnetiza tion profile within the cores of the smaller nanoparticles could be extrac ted with high-resolution when using a spin-polarized incident neutron beam . For larger nanoparticle\, the structural and form factors were obtained by sector analysis of the 2-D SANS patterns. The extracted structure facto rs suggest that the chains grow longer and straighter and align more close ly with the field direction up until application of the maximum field. Thi s is understood in terms of a minimization of the dipole energy of the nan oparticles in the presence of the applied field and neighbouring particles . Preliminary results from experiments studying self-assembly of more comp lex nanoparticles (including gold-iron dumbbell nanoparticles) will be dis cussed.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/424 9/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4249/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Natural ageing behaviour in Al-Cu alloys containing Sc and Zr DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T031500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T033000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4252@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Lu Jiang (Deakin University)\nThe 2xxx series Al-Cu alloys have been extensively used as engineering structures and components of lightweight vehicles due to their excellent strength-to-weight ratio. Recent research has demonstrated that further substantial enhancement in t he strength of Al-Cu alloys could be achieved by adding Sc and Zr by formi ng nano-sized Al3(Sc\, Zr) dispersoids. However\, further development and manufacturing of these new Sc and Zr-containing Al-Cu alloys are limited b y a lack of basic understanding of the effect of Al3(Sc\, Zr) dispersoids on the microstructural evolution during room temperature storage after que nching from solution treatment (called natural ageing). In this work\, the refore\, we have studied the effect of Al3(Sc\, Zr) dispersoids on natural ageing behaviour in an Al-4wt.%Cu-0.1wt.%Sc-0.1wt.%Zr alloy using small-a ngle neutron and x-ray scattering (SANS and SAXS). The hardness measuremen t shows that the presence of Al3(Sc\, Zr) dispersoids significantly delays the natural ageing kinetics of Al-Cu alloys. SANS was used to quantify th e size distribution of Al3(Sc\, Zr) dispersoids which is ~ 25 ± 3 nm. In- situ SAXS results show that the presence of Al3(Sc\, Zr) dispersoids resul ts in a significant delay in the solute clustering formation during natura l ageing. This is attributed to the suppression of the natural ageing kine tics in the Al-Cu-Sc-Zr alloys. These results were confirmed by differenti al scanning calorimetry (DSC) and high resolution transmission electron mi croscopy (TEM). The suppression mechanism is hypothesized to come from the dispersoids and Sc solute acting as vacancy sinks which slows down the di ffusion of solute at room temperatures.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.or g.au/event/146/contributions/4252/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4252/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:In-situ X-ray diffaction for hydrogen sorption study of Mg-La allo ys DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T030000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T031500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4251@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Manjin Kim ()\nTrace Na additions can enhance the re action kinetics of Mg-5%La (wt.%) alloys\, resulting in a potential hydrog en storage material. In this study\, we used in-situ synchrotron Powder X- ray Diffraction (PXRD) to examine the hydrogen sorption behaviour of the N a-modified Mg-5%La. A setup equipped with a hydrogen gas flow cell and a h ot air blower at the Powder Diffraction beamline of the Australian Synchro tron facility is used to allow for PXRD data collection during hydrogen so rption reactions to study the phase evolutions and the cyclability of the alloy. To shed light on the underlying processes during the reactions\, in -situ desorption and absorption were performed in a hydrogen atmosphere be tween 30-480 °C and atmospheric pressure to 2MPa H2. Rietveld refinement was conducted using the TOPAS-Academic V6 software to calculate the weight percentage and lattice expansion of each phase in the sample. In addition \, in-situ High Voltage Transmission Electron Microscopy (HVTEM) was used as a complementary technique to study the volume expansion properties duri ng desorption as a function of temperature.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotro n.org.au/event/146/contributions/4251/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4251/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Origin of vertical slab orientation in blade-coated layered hybrid perovskite films revealed with in-situ synchrotron X-ray scattering DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T005000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T010500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4247@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Wen Liang Tan (Monash University Australia)\nControl ling the vertical orientation of perovskite slabs in layered hybrid perovs kite films is key for enabling further optimization of photovoltaic device performance. However\, the mechanism explaining vertical orientation cont rol in such films remains under debate. Here\, we present an in-situ grazi ng-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) study on the formation o f BA2MAn-1PbnI3n+1 perovskite films during blade-coating where BA\, MA and n denote butylammonium\, methylammonium and thickness of perovskite slabs . The evolution of grazing-incidence transmission wide-angle X-ray scatter ing (GTWAXS) signal is also monitored to reveal the specific vertically-or iented low-n phases formed in such films. We find that the blade-coating t emperature greatly influences the crystallization dynamics of BA2MAn-1PbnI 3n+1 perovskite films and perovskite slab orientation via intermediate pha se and low-n phase formation. For the perovskite film with targeted dimens ionality of n = 4\, blade-coating films at higher temperatures suppresses the formation of the 2MAI∙3PbI2∙2DMF intermediate phase. This in turn suppresses the formation of the n = 2 phase that adopts an undesired horiz ontal perovskite slab orientation\, instead favouring the formation of the n = 3 phase that adopts the desired vertical perovskite slab orientation. Further analysis on the microstructural evolution of films with near-perf ect vertical orientation reveals that the formation mechanism proceeds thr ough several stages: (i) sol-gel\, (ii) weakly-texture 3D-like perovskite\ , (iii) n = 3 phase\, and finally\, (iv) crystallite reorientation into th e near-perfect texture. The findings from this in-situ simultaneous GIWAXS and GTWAXS study provide improved understanding of the film formation mec hanism for layered hybrid perovskite films with near-perfect vertical orie ntation.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/42 47/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4247/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Application of Inelastic Neutron Scattering for Thermoelectric Mat erials Study DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T003500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T005000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4246@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Dehong Yu (Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation)\nResearch on thermoelectric (TE) materials have been an act ive field for the past decade as TE material can potentially be used in ma ny niche areas such as to power space probe and convert waste-heat into el ectricity. Continuing developments are undergoing in the search for advanc ed TE materials that could play significant role in sustainable technology . One of the strategies in improving the performance of a thermoelectric m aterial is to decrease the thermal conductivity\, which is directly relate d to the lattice dynamics of the materials. Measurement of phonon density of states and phonon dispersion as a function of temperature can provide d eep insight of the thermal conductivity in terms of\, for example\, anharm onic vibrations and low energy rattling modes. PELICAN\, a time of fight n eutron spectrometer at ACNS\, has been actively used for such kind of stud ies. In this presentation\, I will give a brief introduction and the curre nt status of TE material research\, followed by the link to material latti ce dynamics and explore how inelastic neutron scattering can help in funda mental understanding of the thermoelectric properties with a couple of stu dy cases.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4 246/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4246/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Shape of nanopores in track-etched polycarbonate membranes DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T002000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T003500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4244@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Shankar Dutt (Australian National University)\nSmall angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) has been used over the past decade for char acterizing track etched nanopores in a variety of organic and inorganic ma terials. In the present study\, synchrotron based SAXS was used to study t he morphology and size variation of the nanopores in polycarbonate (PC) as a function of the etching time and ion fluence. The shape of the nanopore s fabricated through track-etch technology was found to be consistent with cylindrical pores with ends tapering off towards the two polymer surfaces in the last ~1.6 μm. The tapered structure of the nanopores in track-etc hed PC membranes was first observed more than 40 years ago followed by man y other studies suggesting that the shape of nanopores in PC membranes dev iates from a perfect cylinder and nanopores narrow towards both membrane s urfaces. However\, quantification of the shape of nanopores has remained e lusive due to inherent difficulties in imaging the pores using microscopy techniques. This study reports on the quantitative measurement of the tape red structure of nanopores using SAXS[1]. Determination of this structure was enabled by obtaining high-quality SAXS data and the development of app ropriate form-factor model. The etch rates for both the radius at the poly mer surface and the radius of the pore in bulk were calculated. Both etch rates decrease slightly with increasing fluence. This behavior is ascribed to the overlap of track halos which are characterized by cross-linking of the polymer chains. The results enable a better understanding of track-et ched membranes and facilitate improved pore design for many applications.\ n\nReferences:\n[1] Dutt\, S. et al. J. Membr. Sci. 638\, 119681 (2021)\n\ nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4244/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4244/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Chemical expansion and proton conductivity in vanadium-substituted variants of γ-Ba4Nb2O9 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T000500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T002000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4242@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Alex Brown (The University of Sydney)\nComplex perov skite derived oxides are an important emerging class of ionic conducting m aterials with potential applications in energy technologies including fuel cells\, batteries\, and separation membranes. The high temperature phase γ-Ba4Nb2O9 is one such complex oxide which shows proton and oxide ionic c onduction.\n\nRecently we have shown that two new compositional series wit h the previously unique γ-Ba4Nb2O9 type structure\, γ-Ba4VxTa2-xO9 and γ-Ba4VxNb2-xO9 (x = 0-2/3)\,can form [1]. Undoped Ba4Ta2O9 forms a 6H-per ovskite type phase\, but with sufficient V doping the γ-type phase is the rmodynamically preferred and possibly more stable than γ-Ba4Nb2O9\, formi ng at a 200 °C lower synthesis temperature. This is explained by the fact that Nb5+ ions in γ-Ba4Nb2O9 simultaneously occupy 4-\, 5- and 6-coordin ate sites in the oxide sublattice\, which is less stable than allowing sma ller V5+ to occupy the former and larger Ta5+ to occupy the latter. We cha racterised the structures of the new phases using a combination of X-ray a nd neutron powder diffraction. All compositions hydrate rapidly and extens ively (up to 1/3 H2O per formula unit) under ambient conditions\, like the parent γ-Ba4Nb2O9 phase\, and show moderate but improved mixed-ionic ele ctronic conduction. At lower temperatures the ionic conduction is signific antly protonic\, where hydration is maintained. We also show that these ne w vanadium containing phases have higher total conductivities than the par ent γ-Ba4Nb2O9 compound. \n\n[1] AJ Brown\, B Schwaighofer\, M Avdeev\, B Johannessen\, IR Evans and CD Ling\, Chemistry of Materials\, available o nline (2021). DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.1c02340\n\nhttps://events01.synch rotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4242/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4242/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Delivery of antimicrobials to bacteria by cubosome nanocarriers DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T234500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T000500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4400@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Charlotte Conn (RMIT)\nDyett\, B.\; Meikle\, T.G.\; Yu\, H.\; Strachan\, J.B.\; Lakic\, B.\; White\, J.\; Drummond\, C.J. and Conn\, C.E\n\nThe increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria\, in part due to overuse and misuse of antibiotics over the past decades\, is one of the key global health challenges. Some gram-negative strains ha ve already been found to be resistant even to last resort antibiotics. Th is is partially due to their ability to hinder the transport of antimicrob ials through their outer membrane structure. One proposed strategy to com bat this issue is via the use of lipid nanocarriers as drug delivery vehic les. These nanocarriers are known to interact with the outer lipid membra ne via a unique fusion-type mechanism which can improve transport of antim icrobials into Gram-negative bacteria (Figure 1). In this talk I will di scuss the mechanism of interaction of cubosome lipid nanocarriers with bot h Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and discuss recent advances in the use of lipid-based nanocarriers to deliver antibiotics. \nSynchrotron SAXS is used to characterise the internal nanostructure of the particles before and after encapsulation of a range of antimicrobials including meta l nanocrystals\,[1] antimicrobial peptides [2] and small molecule drugs.[3 ] Synchrotron CD is used to confirm retention of secondary structure foll owing encapsulation for antimicrobial peptides.[2] The mechanism of uptake of cubosomes into both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria is demons trated using TIRF microscopy in combination with synchrotron FTIR.[3.4] F undamental differences in the uptake mechanism between Gram-positive and G ram-negative bacteria will be described.[3]\n\n(more)\n\nhttps://events01. synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4400/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4400/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Operando investigation of a lead-acid battery with the IMBL. DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T013500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T015000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4380@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Chad Stone (Swinburne University of Technology)\nLea d-acid batteries play a key role in the energy storage marketplace. They a re often cheaper\, safer and more recyclable than alternative electrochemi cal energy storage systems. Under traditional energy storage applications such as starting\, lighting and ignition batteries\, they provide a great balance of affordability\, lifespan and performance to the consumer. Howev er\, as the demands placed on energy storage systems have increased over r ecent decades\, lead-acid batteries have been shown to have a markedly sho rtened lifespan. Investigations have found the cause of this failure is re lated to an uneven utilization of active material in the Pb electrode. Alt hough\, the process whereby uneven utilization of active material leads to a significant reduction in cycle-life has yet to be determined. Typically \, investigations of uneven material utilization are conducted after the f act and are destructive (EPMA\, SEM\, XRD etc.). Our project aimed to dete rmine whether the IMBL could be a suitable candidate for non-destructive\, operando investigations into active material utilization. To achieve this \, a lead-acid cell was designed specifically for the IMBL. It was cycled whilst being simultaneously imaged at 85 keV\, with an exposure time of 0. 8 s at a resolution of 5.8 µm. Results show that key reaction products co uld be observed in-situ and furthermore they could be localized within cer tain regions within the Pb electrode. We show that the IMBL could be a pow erful tool to further the current understanding of lead-acid batteries.\n\ nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4380/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4380/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Interfacial spin-structures in Pt/Tb3Fe5O12 bilayer films on Gd3Ga 5O12 substrates DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T012000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T013500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4248@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Roshni Yadav ()\nThe insulating ferrimagnets of rare -earth iron garnets (ReIG) are researched intensively owing to their stron g magneto-electric responses. Proximity coupling between an insulating ReI G and a heavy metal\, such as Pt has been shown to lead to an Anomalous Ha ll effect (AHE). Amongst the ReIG family\, TbIG is less explored than the well-known YIG films. In this article\, we report thin films (40 nm) of fe rrimagnetic insulator Tb3Fe5O12 (TbIG) were grown on (111) oriented Gd3Ga5 O12 (GGG) substrates by using pulsed laser deposition technique\, some of which were capped by a thin Pt layer. Scanning transmission electron micro scopy and X-ray diffraction show that the oxide films are epitaxial with h igh crystalline quality and sharp interfaces. Detailed polarized neutron r eflectometry was used to study the spin structure above\, below and near t he compensation to search for interfacial spin effects. The neutron reflec tivity with different states (spin up (R+) and spin down (R-)) and the spi n asymmetry (SA = (R+ - R-)/ (R+ + R-)) shows trends above 100 K consisten t with the weak ferrimagnetic moment and compensation point. Remarkably\, the PNR spectra at 7 K shows additional splitting of R+ and R- indicating strong magnetization on the magnetic film showing a new magnetic layer tha t arise\, additional STEM mapping elucidate that this additional layer occ urs at the TbIG/GGG interface\, where a chemical difference in the ratio o f Gd:Ga occurs as product of the growth conditions. This effect appears in both capped and Pt-free TbIG films. Reversal of AHE sign occurred betwee n 145 K and room temperature. The peculiar behavior of AHE loop around 220 K is related to the compensation point of TbIG.\n\nhttps://events01.synch rotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4248/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4248/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Deuteration of Rec1-Resilin and its hydrogel for biomedical applic ations DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T010500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T012000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4245@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Nisal Wanasingha ()\nRec1-resilin is a highly hydrop hilic protein that exudes a vast range of multi-responsiveness\, well know n for its superelasticity. Self-assembly of Rec1-resilin has been studied in vitro\, however\, it is difficult to understand the interaction and mol ecular organisation of the protein with varying biological environments du e to the presence of complex systems. Therefore\, it is critical to synthe sise Rec1-resilin in deuterated form\, which would enable a unique neutron scattering length density for neutron scattering experiments. With a view to understand the self-assembly and co-assembly of Rec1-resilin and tailo r its responsiveness\, we successfully synthesised deuterated Rec1-resilin using a modified protocol. Utilising this modified protocol\, we hope to develop modular versions of Rec1-resilin with hydrophobic segment to explo re its unique properties from its conformational structure\, binding and o rganisation with complementary and contrasting neutron scattering techniqu es with intentions to develop biomimetic gels for adhesion and repair of t issue. Ultimately\, this will show the impact of deuteration on the protei n through a comparison of the structure and organisation of the deuterated and unlabelled modular versions of Rec1-resilin in different environments \, which will not only provide a fundamental understanding of phase behavi our but also lead to utilisation of isotopically-labelled modular Rec1-res ilin protein and its hydrogels for biomedical applications.\n\nhttps://eve nts01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4245/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4245/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Single-Crystal-to-Single-Crystal Transformations of Metal–Organi c-Framework-Supported\, Site-Isolated Trigonal-Planar Cu(I) Complexes with Labile Ligands DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T005000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T010500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4243@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Ricardo Peralta (University of Adelaide)\nTransition -metal complexes bearing labile ligands can be difficult to isolate and st udy in solution because of unwanted dinucleation or ligand substitution re actions. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) provide a unique matrix that al lows site isolation and stabilization of well-defined transition-metal com plexes that may be of importance as moieties for gas adsorption or catalys is. \n\nHerein we report the development of an in situ anion metathesis st rategy that facilitates the postsynthetic modification of Cu(I) complexes appended to a porous\, crystalline MOF. By exchange of coordinated chlorid e for weakly coordinating anions in the presence of carbon monoxide (CO) o r ethylene\, a series of labile MOF-appended Cu(I) complexes featuring CO or ethylene ligands are prepared and structurally characterized using X-ra y crystallography. These complexes have an uncommon trigonal planar geomet ry because of the absence of coordinating solvents. The porous host framew ork allows small and moderately sized molecules to access the isolated Cu( I) sites and displace the “place-holder” CO ligand\, mirroring the lig and-exchange processes involved in Cu-centered catalysis.\n\nhttps://event s01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4243/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4243/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Total scattering: science that’s better than average DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T003500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T005000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4241@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Frederick Marlton (University of Sydney)\nLocal-scal e defects and disorder are essential in the development of new advanced fu nctional materials. However\, such features are often difficult to charact erize and understand without suitable probes. Powder diffraction is a powe rful technique for understanding atomic structures\, however\, Bragg peaks alone are limited to information regarding the “average” or long-rang e structure. The presence of local-scale disorder results in diffuse featu res that occur beneath and between the Bragg peaks. Hence\, the chracteris ation of nano-scale (0.1 – 3 nm) features in functional materials demand s an alternative approach. \nTotal scattering involves the collection of b oth Bragg and diffuse data over a wide Q-range. This can be Fourier transf ormed to generate the pair distribution function (PDF)\, which corresponds to an interatomic histogram of atom-atom pairs in real space. Analyzing s uch data can enable the development of atomic models that capture the loca l- and long-range structural features. Such measurements require the use o f high energy x-rays and/or neutrons. With the development of the advanced diffraction and scattering beamline at the Australian synchrotron\, such measurements will become viable in Australia. \nThis presentation will sho w case clear-cut examples of the application of total scattering in materi als chemistry. This will show the necessity for local structure analysis i n developing a complete understanding of structure-property relationships. \n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4241/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4241/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Magnetoelastic coupling as a relaxation pathway for single ion mag nets observed using inelastic neutron scattering. DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T002000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T003500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4240@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Richard Mole (ANSTO)\nSingle ion magnets (SIM's)\, a re materials that show an energy barrier to spin reorientation without lon g range magnetic order. Such materials have been postulated to be useful as potential materials for high density data storage or to be used as Qubi ts. The origin of the effect lies in the crystal field splitting of the c entral lanthanoid ion. The determination of crystal field splitting has l ong been performed using INS and this has been readily extended to SIM's [ 1]. In recent years the operating temperature of these SIM's has increase d dramatically with magnetic hysteresis observed above liquid nitrogen tem peratures [2]. The limiting factor is no longer the height of the energy barrier for reorientation\, but minimization of relaxation by varying meth ods such as quantum tunneling of magnetization and Orbach relaxation. Suc h phenomena have previously been shown to be measurable using INS and QENS techniques [3\,4\,5]. In our recent work we have revisited the INS of Na 9[Ho(W5O18)2] to analyse both the presence or absence of a QENS signal to determine whether Orbach relaxation occurs [3]. We have also performed an analysis of the peak widths of the crystal field excitations and modelled these using a magnetoelastic model [4]. This reanalysis demonstrates tha t INS holds more information than just the energy scale of the system for single ion magnets.\n\n[1] M. A. Dunstan et al\, European Journal of Inorg anic Chemistry 1089 (2019).\n[2] F-S. Guo\,et al\, Science\, 362\, 1400 (2 018)\n[3] M. Roepke\, et al\, Physical Review B\, 60\, 9793 (1999)\n[4] S. W. Lovesey\, U. Staub\, Physical Review B\, 61\, 9130 (2000)\n[5] M. Rumin y\, et. al\, Physical Review B 95\, 060414(R) (2017)\n\nhttps://events01.s ynchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4240/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4240/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Structural studies of solid-state ionic conductors at the limits o f diffraction and beyond DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T000000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T002000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4392@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Chris Ling (University of Sydney)\nThe structures of solid-state ionic conductors are a compromise between long-range (and hen ce long-term) lattice stability and short-range coordinative flexibility. To rationally design improved versions for applications such as fuel cells and batteries\, we need to understand how this compromise is reached. Dif fraction methods alone are inadequate – whether using X-rays or neutrons \, *ex situ* or *operando*\, conventional crystallography or total scatter ing analysis – because of their dynamic nature. The time-averaged struct ure is not the whole story. In this talk I will show how we use experiment al X-ray and neutron spectroscopy\, and computational structure and dynami cs calculations\, to supplement diffraction when studying solid-state oxid e\, proton and lithium ionic conductors. We can then validate the insights gained by making targeted chemical modifications and testing their effect s on structure and functional physical properties.\n\nhttps://events01.syn chrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4392/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4392/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Accelerating Australia: Perspectives on future particle accelerato rs and their applications DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T224500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T231500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4388@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Suzie Sheehy (University of Melbourne)\nThere are ov er 50\,000 particle accelerators in the world used for everything from tre ating cancer to finding out the secrets of the Universe. Australia has a l ong history in this area and excels in accelerator-based science: nowhere is this clearer than in the science carried out at our world-class infrast ructure. That said\, we have barely scratched the surface of what might be possible with beams of ions or electrons. Potential uses of particle beam s are growing every day – from mining to archaeology to high-tech factor ies – enabled by breakthroughs in accelerator science and technology. In light of this\, a new research group in accelerator physics was created a t the University of Melbourne in 2019\, who collaborate with ANSTO in a nu mber of areas: from compact X-band electron accelerators to next-generatio n particle therapy. In this talk I will give an overview of some of the va st array of applications of accelerators and introduce the cutting-edge ac celerator development research now happening in Australia. With strong col laboration between end-users and accelerator experts\, together we can cre ate a step-change in Australia’s capacity to deliver real-world impact u sing particle beams.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/cont ributions/4388/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4388/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:15 Years of Brilliance at the Australian Synchrotron DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T021000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211126T023000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4396@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Michael James (ANSTO)\nThe Australia Synchrotron ach ieved first light in August 2006\, and since then has operated 10 individu al beamlines as part of Australia's largest standalone scientific research facility. In a typical year\, the facility conducts up to 1000 individua l experiment\, and hosts more than 5000 User visits. Although modest comp ared to international synchrotron facilities in terms of the size of our s torage ring\, our staffing levels and the number of beamlines\, the Austra lian Synchrotron's research community is one of the most productive in the world\; generating more than 650 peer-reviewed journal articles in 2020. Over the past 15 years the Australian Synchrotron has supported the devel opment of the scientific careers of thousands of students\, researchers\, and our staff. This presentation celebrates some of the highlights in bea mline and technique development\, as well as showcasing trends in high imp act research outcomes from the Australian Synchrotron.\n\nhttps://events01 .synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4396/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4396/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering Update DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T022000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211124T024000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4398@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jamie Schulz (ANSTO)\nThe Australian Centre for Neut ron Scattering (ACNS) utilises neutrons from Australia's multi-purpose res earch reactor\, OPAL\, to solve complex research and industrial problems f or Australian and international users via merit-based access and user-pays programs. Neutron scattering techniques provide the research community an d industry with unique tools to study the structure\, dynamics and propert ies of a range of materials\, helping scientists understand why materials have the properties they do\, and helping tailor new materials.  \n\nAn u pdate will be given on the OPAL reactor and its neutron beam facilities\, the status of the neutron beam instruments and supporting capabilities\, u ser program\, and future plans.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/eve nt/146/contributions/4398/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4398/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Prof Despina Louca - Plenary DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211123T230000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211123T233000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4389@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Despina Louca (University of Virginia)\nTo be suppli ed\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4389/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4389/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Investigation of Residual Stress and Mechanical Properties of Stee lwork After Laser Cleaning DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T075200Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T075300Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4387@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Yutaka Tsumura (Sydney University)\nSurface preparat ion of steelwork for structural repainting is often conducted by sandblast ing method in which abrasives (sands) are blasted onto the painted surface at high speed\, removing the old paint and rust/dirt by the impact of the blast. This conventional method would cause irreversible damage to the un derlying substrate\, deteriorating its mechanical and fatigue performance. Laser cleaning has attracted attention as an alternative to conventional cleaning methods as an environmentally friendly and economical technology that removes paint and corrosion efficiently while inducing minimal damage to the surface of the material. \nThis research investigates the mechanic al properties and residual stresses of the laser cleaned steel samples fro m the Sydney Harbour Bridge. Laser cleaning using nanosecond laser was per formed on the structural steel plates removed from the Sydney Harbour Brid ge. The plates were then tested at the Australian Nuclear Science and Tech nology Organisation (ANSTO) for residual stress measurement and the Univer sity of Sydney for the microstructure characterisation and microhardness t esting. \nResults of the residual stress measurements indicated that the r esidual stress profile changes at the surface after cleaning. This study e nhances the understanding of changes in residual stress and mechanical pro perties at the surface of a steel subjected to laser cleaning.\n\nhttps:// events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4387/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4387/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:The Nanoprobe beamline at the Australian Synchrotron: towards day #1\, July 2024 DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T075100Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T075200Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4372@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Martin de Jonge (ANSTO)\nA hard x-ray Nanoprobe beam line is under construction at the Australian Synchrotron\, aiming to accep t first users for operation in July\, 2024. In this presentation we will outline the science case for the Nanoprobe along with the anticipated perf ormance parameters and show examples of measurements that will be enabled by the facility. In particular\, core methods supported by the Nanoprobe include: trace elemental mapping and spectroscopy at the 60-300 nm length- scale using x-ray fluorescence\; absorption\, differential phase contrast and ptychography using x-ray transmission\, and\; SAXS/WAXS and micro-diff raction. \n \nA number of substantial challenges must be overcome in orde r to reach the ultimate resolution\, and these will be described along wit h the optical and operational design of the beamline. Cryogenic capabilit ies may present too great a challenge for the first-generation implementat ion but are keenly desired and firmly on the instrument development curve. The Nanoprobe endstation instrument will be located within a purpose-bui lt satellite building at around 100 m from the source location. Although still deep in design phase\, we will outline the building design and welco me comment from future potential users of the beamline particularly with r egards to the instrument capabilities and the experimental support that is required from the ancillary services within the building and the larger A ustralian Synchrotron facility.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/eve nt/146/contributions/4372/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4372/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Effects of Mn and Co Ion Implantation on Pseudocapacitive Performa nce of Ceria-Nanostructures on Ni-Foam DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T075000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T075100Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4368@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Ewing Y. Chen (UNSW)\nMetal oxides have shown incred ible potential as electrode materials for pseudocapacitive applications du e to their high capacitance\, good conductivity\, electrochemical reversib ility\, and long cyclability. Through the engineering and manipulation of defect types and their concentrations\, it is possible to enhance the kin etics of charge transfer and charge-discharge process to optimize redox an d intercalation capacitances. Ion implantation is an advanced technique t o uniformly introduce a desired concentration of dopants into nanostructur es. The present work explores the pseudocapacitive performance of nanostr uctured cerium oxide (ceria\, CeO2-x) films on nickel foam electrodes (syn thesized using electrodeposition)\, followed by implantation individually with Mn and Co ions. The implanted samples were annealed in nitrogen atmo sphere to promote the diffusion and incorporation of implanted dopants in the ceria lattice and to modify the nanostructural features. The films we re characterised using SEM\, EDS\, Raman spectroscopy\, and XPS analyses t o determine the role of the mineralogy\, composition\, surface chemistry\, and nanostructure on the performance. The pseudocapacitive performance w as determined using cyclic voltammetry (CV)\, charge-discharge\, electroch emical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)\, and stability tests. After prelimin ary CV testing\, the Co-implanted samples (1 x 1015 ions/cm2) annealed at 300℃ for 3 h in a nitrogen atmosphere showed an improvement in specific capacitance (495 F/g) compared to the non-implanted ceria samples (427 F/g ).\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4368/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4368/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Synthesis and characterization of K2YbF5 upconversion nanoparticle s DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T074900Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T075000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4367@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: John Arnold Ambay (University of Technology Sydney)\ nMany avenues exist for synthesizing upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs)\, such as hydrothermal\, solvothermal\, solid-state reactions\, thermal deco mposition\, amongst others. Here we compare three hydro-solvothermal synth esis processes for producing K2YbF5:Er and K2YbF5:Tm UCNPs\, each having a different order of addition of reagents. The first method (A) adds togeth er potassium hydroxide\, oleic acid\, and ethanol\; followed by the lantha nide ions\, and finally potassium fluoride. The second method (B) mixes th e lanthanide ions\, oleic acid\, and ethanol first\; followed by potassium hydroxide\, and finally potassium fluoride. The third method (C) is simil ar to the second one\, except that potassium hydroxide and potassium fluor ide are mixed together first before being introduced into the system. The resulting nanoparticles were characterized via scanning electron microscop y (SEM)\, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS)\, photoluminescence spectra (PL)\, and near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscop y on the Australian synchrotron soft-X ray beam line. SEM images reveal th at all particles are crystalline with shapes ranging from microrods to hex agonal. EDS confirmed presence of dopant ions only for particles produced via method A\, while NEXAFS spectra confirmed presence of dopant ions in a ll doped crystals\, with their expected NEXAFS structure confirming the ox idation state of the ion within the nanocrystal. Thus there is evidence of dopant ions incorporated within the crystal\; however\, more quantitative techniques must be applied to properly ascertain the doping concentration and the quantum efficiency of the upconversion processes occurring within the synthesized particles.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/1 46/contributions/4367/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4367/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Understanding and controlling the formation of photonic crystals f rom polydisperse colloidal systems DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T074800Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T074900Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4366@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Katherine Chea (RMIT University)\nThe fundamentals o f crystallisation and glass formation are not yet fully understood. Colloi dal suspensions have been shown to be promising model systems for understa nding these processes. As colloidal motion is Brownian\, rather than balli stic\, kinetics and dynamics can be studied in real-time. It is well docum ented that colloidal suspensions can “successfully crystallise” when t he particles in the system have sufficiently low polydispersity.[1\,2] Thi s means that the particles must have a similar average size and shape. If a system is highly polydisperse\, this will hinder the solidification proc ess.\n\nIn this work we will explore colloidal nanodiamonds. Nanodiamonds are a topic of interest in many material studies due to their wide variety \, and unique mechanical and optical properties.[3\,4] Detonation nanodiam onds (DNDs) are of particular interest due to their unique fabrication pro cess. Due the detonation synthesis method\, the particles are small (sever al nm) and faceted\, but in solution self-assemble into highly irregular f ractal shapes.[5] Despite this high polydispersity\, when centrifuged\, th ese types of DNDs can yield incredibly ordered structures and form iridesc ent photonic crystals – this is highly surprising given the highly irreg ular structures of these materials. These photonic crystals were first dis covered by Grichko et al.\,[5] however\, the mechanisms behind these highl y ordered structures are still unknown. With a combination of lab techniqu es and beam time allocations at the Australian Synchrotron\, ANSTO and pot entially overseas neutron facilities\, we will systematically investigate these nanodiamond photonic crystals\, and examine their structure and form ation kinetics.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contribut ions/4366/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4366/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Structural characterization of SARS-Cov-2 spike derived peptides p resented by the Human Leukocyte Antigen A*29:02. DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T074700Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T074800Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4365@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Lawton Murdolo (La Trobe University)\nThe rapid emer gence of SARS-Cov-2 out of Wuhan\, China\, in late 2019 has resulted in th e current outbreak that has crippled social and economic development world wide. With over four million deaths\, significant efforts are being made t o generate a viable treatment option. It has been well established that T lymphocytes destroy infected cells. These T cells also produce long lastin g immunity through the proliferation of memory cells which recognize futur e viral invasion.\n\nActivation of T lymphocytes is achieved through the r ecognition of Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) surface receptors on infected cells. These HLA molecules present viral peptides to T cells which are ab le to recognize and activate against these antigens. \n\nHowever\, due to the highly polymorphic nature of HLA molecules\, it remains unclear how di fferent peptides bind to the vast number of HLA molecules affect the stimu lation of the adaptive immune response. \n\nThe focus of this project is o n a singular HLA\, HLA-A*29:02\, found in approximately 3% of the world ’s population. We wish to structurally analyse various peptides presente d by HLA-A*29:02 derived from the SARS-Cov-2 spike protein and determine h ow COVID-19 variants and their mutations might different in their presenta tion to T cells. \n\nThrough the use of X-ray crystallography\, we will ga in deeper insights into how theses peptides are presented. This will furth er our understanding of how our own immune system responds to these antige ns and may also help to in designing long lasting therapies such as peptid e vaccines.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions /4365/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4365/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Novel techniques with ATR apparatus at THz frequencies DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T074600Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T074700Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4359@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Zoltan Vilagosh (Swinburne University of Technology) \nA new method is presented which extends the capabilities of attenuated t otal reflection (ATR) apparatus to a partial reflection/partial transmissi on mode\, which also delivers the complex dielectric values of samples. Th e technique involves placing a mirror at a known distance from the sample/ crystal interface to reflect the transmitted portion of the incident signa l back to the detector. The attenuation of this signal reflected is depend ent on the absorption coefficient of the sample. \nThe method is well suit ed to biological samples in the terahertz radiation frequency band range 1 .0 THz to 2.0 THz\, with a diamond crystal ATR. \nThe 2.0 THz range biolog ical data is poorly represented in literature\, since most THz data on bio logical tissues has 1.2 to 1.5 THz as the upper limit. A demonstration of the technique was performed using water and water based gel at the Austral ian Synchrotron FIR/THz beamline. \nAt frequencies of 3.0 to 5.0 THz\, a p aradoxical region was noted where the total reflectance of the signal refl ected at the initial crystal/sample interface plus the signal reflected fr om the mirror was less than the reflected at the initial crystal/sample in terface alone. The destructive interference is in the region where the eff ective path length of the transmitted signal through the sample is in the region of 1.3 λ to 1.7 λ. Significance and potential uses of this region are still being investigated.\nSince many cancers have higher water conte nt than normal tissue\, the extension of the ATR apparatus capacity promis es to establish a new diagnostic modality.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron .org.au/event/146/contributions/4359/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4359/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Quokka\, the Pinhole Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Instrument at ANSTO DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T074500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T074600Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4358@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Kathleen Wood (Australian Nuclear Science and Techno logy Organisation)\nQuokka was the first SANS instrument to be in operatio n at the Australian research reactor\, OPAL [1]. It is a 40 m pinhole inst rument operating with a neutron velocity selector\, an adjustable collimat ion system providing source-sample distances of up to 20 m and a two dimen sional 1 m squared position-sensitive state-of-the-art detector\, capable of measuring neutrons scattered from the sample over a secondary flight pa th of up to 20 m. Also offering incident beam polarization and analysis ca pability as well as lens focusing optics\, Quokka has been designed as a g eneral purpose SANS instrument with a large sample area\, capable of accom modating a variety of sample environments. Some of these sample environmen ts are\, a Rapid Heat Quench Cell enabling a sample to be studied in situ following a thermal shock (-120°C to 220°C)\; The neutron Rapid Visco An alyser (nRVA) which enables SANS to be measured simultaneously with viscos ity via an RVA – an instrument widely used within the food industry\; In -situ Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)\; A stopped flow cell\, and RheoSANS.\nIn early 2021 Quokka achieved the milestone of 200 peer-reviewe d publications in a variety of research fields. Here we cover some of the research highlights along with Quokka’s performance and operation.\n\n[1 ] K. Wood\, J. P. Mata\, C. J. Garvey\, C. M. Wu\, W. A. Hamilton\,[..]and E. P. Gilbert\, QUOKKA\, the pinhole small-angle neutron scattering instr ument at the OPAL Research Reactor\, Australia: design\, performance\, ope ration and scientific highlights\, J Appl Crystallogr\, 2018\, 51\, 294-3 14.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4358/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4358/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:X-ray structure of a transmembrane domain from an ABC-transporter dependent system from Neisseria meningitidis in a non-biological state DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T073700Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T073800Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4200@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Lorelei Masselot--Joubert (University of Western Aus tralia)\nMolecular replacement (MR) is the most commonly used method in cr ystallography to solve the phase problem required to obtain the three dime nsional structure of a protein. Traditionally MR uses a search model from a previously determined protein structure. One of the requirements for suc cess by MR is that the amino acid sequences of the search model and the un known structure should be have at least 35 % identity. When this is not po ssible\, an *ab initio* model can be generated using the sequence of the u nsolved protein. In this project\, we used the algorithm\, tr-Rosetta\, fr om the Rosetta server to obtain *ab initio* models used for use in MR.\nCt rC is part of an ABC transporter dependent complex in *Neisseria meningiti s*\, important for capsule polysaccharide transport. It constitutes the tr ansmembrane domain and associates with a separate nucleotide binding domai n\, CtrD\, making a heterotetramer. CtrC\, has been crystallised using th e lipidic cubic phase (LCP) method. After data collection using the MX2 be amline at the Australian Synchrotron\, the structure has been solved at 2. 87 Å by MR using an *ab initio* derived search model. \nThe structure of CtrC shows a monomeric arrangement in the crystal lattice\, unusual for an ABC transporter. A single molecule of the monoolein lipid used in the LC P matrix was found bound within the protein structure. We hypothesize tha t the presence of the monoolein ligand\, and possibly the absence of CtrD\ , abrogates the ability of CtrC to form the expected dimeric structure.\n\ nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4200/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4200/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Cholesterol catabolism: An exploitable weakness in mycobacterial i nfections? DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T073600Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T073700Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4212@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Daniel Doherty (The University of Adelaide)\nFollowi ng the development of modern antibiotics and the net improvement of health care systems globally\, tuberculosis (TB)\, a contagious and pathogenic b acterial infection caused by *Mycobacterium tuberculosis*\, has been large ly eliminated from developed countries. Despite this improvement TB remain ed a top 10 cause of death globally in 2020\, which\, when combined with t he rise in multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB)\, represents an urge nt global health concern. Other pathogenic mycobacteria including *Mycobac terium ulcerans*\, the causative agent of Buruli Ulcer and *Mycobacterium abscessus*\, a bacterium that affects cystic fibrosis patients\, are also emerging public health threats. Mycobacteria are unique in their ability t o metabolise host cell cholesterol\, and this pathway has become a target for new antibiotic treatments to drug-resistant infections. The cytochrome P450 enzymes of the CYP125\, CYP142 and CYP124 families initiate choleste rol metabolism. There are different numbers of cholesterol metabolising P4 50s in each Mycobacterium species. For example\, *Mycobacterium ulcerans* and *Mycobacterium tuberculosis* have one of each CYP125\, CYP142 and CYP1 24 enzymes\, while *Mycobacterium abscessus* has four different CYP125 enz ymes and no copies of CYP142 and CYP124. The reasons for different P450 pr ofiles between mycobacteria remain unknown\, as does a mechanistic underst anding of the P450-mediated cholesterol oxidation. This project aims to un derstand the structural\, evolutionary and mechanistic differences between enzymes of these three families. Also\, screening of these enzymes as tar gets for a new class of cholesterol-based\, anti-tubercular inhibitors wil l be undertaken.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contribu tions/4212/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4212/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Structural basis of higher-order assembly formation in Toll-like r eceptor 1\,2 and 6 signaling pathway DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T073500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T073600Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4202@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: YAN LI (The University of Queensland)\nInnate immuni ty represents a typical and widely distributed form of immunity. Innate im mune responses are the first line of defense against pathogens\, which can help destroy invaders invertebrate animals\, invertebrates\, and plants. The innate immune system recognizes microorganisms via pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). The family of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is a distinct group of PRRs. They detect the microbial components known as pathogen-asso ciated molecular patterns (PAMPs)\, activate downstream transcription fact ors such as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)\, resulting in a pro-inflammatory response. 10 TLRs have been identified in the human TLR family. In humans\ , TLR2 can form heterodimers with TLR1 and TLR6 when binding different typ es of ligands. The cytoplasmic Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain ca n be found in all TLRs and is responsible for transmitting extracellular s ignals to intracellular cytoplasmic TIR domain-containing adaptor proteins through TIR: TIR domain interactions\, thus initiating downstream signali ng. Two TIR-domain containing adaptor proteins\, Myeloid differentiation p rimary response 88 (MyD88) and MyD88 adaptor-like (MAL) mediate downstream signaling in the TLR2-TLR1/6 signaling pathway. It has been previously de monstrated that higher-order assembly formation occurs in the TLR4 signali ng pathway. The mechanism\, which is known as signaling by cooperative ass embly formation (SCAF)\, may occur in all TLR signal transduction. To date \, the transduction mechanisms of TLR2-TLR1/6 signaling are still unclear. This research aims to determine the structural basis of higher-order asse mblies formed by TIR domains with a focus on assemblies in the TLR2-TLR1/6 signaling.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions /4202/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4202/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Scaling behaviour of the skyrmions lattices in Cu2OSeO3 single cry stals from small angle neutron scattering DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T073400Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T073500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4231@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jorge Arturo Sauceda Flores (School of Physics\, Uni versity of New South Wales\, Sydney 2052\, Australia)\nSkyrmions are topol ogically protected spin vortices in the nanometre scale that behave like p articles. In chiral crystals\, competing magnetic interactions may induce 2D skyrmion lattices [1-2]. In the multiferroic insulator Cu$_2$OSeO$_3$\, the skyrmion lattice responds to electric/magnetic fields suggesting appl ications in data storage [3]. These applications crucially depend on the s tability conditions of the skyrmion phase. Notably\, Cu$_2$OSeO$_3$ is the only material in which the appearance of two different skyrmion phases ha s been reported in its phase diagram. However\, the quantum mechanisms of these phases and their thermodynamic connection are still under debate [4- 6]. Hence\, we used Small Angle Neutron Scattering and Lorentz Transmissio n Electron Microscopy to study the skyrmion stabilisation in single crysta ls of Cu$_2$OSeO$_3$ [7]. In this work\, we report the field\, temperature \, and sample alignment dependence of the scaling behaviour of skyrmions a s an order parameter for the emergence of the two skyrmion phases.\n\n[1] S. Muehlbauer et al.\, Science 323\, 915 (2009)\n[2] S. Seki\, X. Z. Yu\, S. Ihiwata\, and Y. Tokura\, Science 336\, 198 (2009)\n[3] A. Fert\, N. Re yren\, V. Cros\, Nat. Rev. Mats. 2\, 01731 (2017)\n[4] A. Chacon\, L. Hein en et al.\, Nat. Phys. 14\, 936-941 (2018)\n[5] F. Qian\, L. J. Bannenberg et al.\, Sci. Adv. 4\, eaat7323 (2018)\n[6] L. J. Bannenberg\, H. Wilhelm et al.\, npj Quantum Mater. 4\, 11 (2019)\n[7] M.-G. Han\, et al.\, Sci. Adv. 6\, eaax2138 (2020)\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/ contributions/4231/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4231/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Self-Assembly of Carbon Dioxide Nonionic Surfactants in Ionic Liqu ids DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T073300Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T073400Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4214@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Shurui Miao (The University of Sydney)\nThe diverse and tuneable intermolecular interactions present in ionic liquids (ILs) ma ke them excellent media for surfactant self-assembly. Previous studies of polyoxyethylene alkyl ether nonionic surfactants\, in ethylammonium nitra te and propylammonium nitrate have shown they can support the full range o f amphiphilic self-assembly behaviour of nonionic surfactants for various applications. However\, the head group of these nonionic surfactant\, ethy lene oxide (EO)\, is a petrochemical product\, prompting us to seek bio-re newable substitutes\, amongst which carbon dioxide stands out. Recent stud ies of nonionic surfactants incorporating CO2 (partly substituted for EO) have shown they are promising surface-active molecules. Small angle neutro n scattering (QUOKKA\, ANSTO) showed a single CO2 unit per surfactant can have an enormous impact on phase behaviour of dodecyl surfactants in water . The formation of gel-like liquid crystalline phases was completely suppr essed through reduced hydration of the headgroups. This study is directed at understanding self-assembly behaviour of CO2 nonionic surfactants in IL s. We have examined the structure of surfactant-IL solutions using small a ngle neutron scattering as a function of surfactant concentration\, solven t composition and temperature. Results shown that unlike water\, solvation of nonionic headgroup is mostly unaffected by incorporation of CO2 units in pure ILs. However\, this can be easily regulated through water dilution or mixing ILs. This demonstrates the composition of surfactant headgroup and the solvent can be used as tools to engineer solvent-headgroup interac tions in formulating non-aqueous soft matter.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrot ron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4214/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4214/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Synthesis and structural characterisation of novel perovskite-type Na-ion conductors DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T073200Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T073300Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4217@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Frederick Yang (University of Sydney)\nThe developme nt of new solid electrolytes is becoming increasingly important\, e.g.\, f or rechargeable batteries for electric vehicles\, where current liquid org anic electrolytes cause major safety concerns. Some ABO3 perovskite metal oxides have shown excellent lithium and sodium ion conductivity owing to t heir chemical and structural flexibility. This has led to the development of several perovskite-type solid electrolytes such as Li3xLa2/3-xTiO3 (LLT O) and Na1/2-xLa1/2-xSr2xZrO3 (NLSZ)\, which have shown high ionic conduct ivities [1-3].\nStarting from the x = 1/6 member of NLSZ\, a new series of sodium perovskite-type solid electrolytes with the formula Na1/3La1/3-x/3 Sr1/3Zr1-xNbxO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.8) (NLSZN) was synthesised. Structural char acterisation was carried using a combination of synchrotron and neutron po wder diffraction data\, which revealed both first- and second-order phase transitions as a function of temperature. For some samples the symmetry ap peared higher in synchrotron data than neutron data\, owing to the higher relative sensitivity of neutron data to scattering from oxygen atoms in th e structure [4]. As observed for other defect perovskites\, there is a ten dency to higher symmetry with increasing A-site vacancy concentration [5]. \n\n[1] Y. Inaguma\, L.Q. Chen\, M. Itoh\, T. Nakamura\, T. Uchida\, H. Ik uta\, M. Wakihara\, Solid State Commun. 86\, 689–693 (1993).\n[2] Y.Z. Z hao\, Z.Y. Liu\, J.X. Xu\, T.F. Zhang\, F. Zhang\, X.G. Zhang\, J. Alloy. Compd. 783\, 219–225 (2019).\n[3] F. Z. T. Yang\, V. K. Peterson\, S. Sc hmid\, J. Alloy. Compd. 863\, 158500 (2021). \n[4] S. Schmid\, R. L. Withe rs. J. Solid State Chem. 191\, 63 ─ 70 (2012). \n[5] T. A. Whittle\, W. R. Brant\, J. R. Hester\, Q. Gu.\, S. Schmid\, Dalton Trans. 46\, 7253 ─ 7260 (2017).\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributio ns/4217/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4217/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Exploring the Surface of Vanadium Phosphate Cathode Materials DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T073100Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T073200Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4193@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Tristram Jenkins (Queensland University of Technolog y)\nIn this study\, we used a combination of synchrotron soft X-ray absorp tion spectroscopy (XAS)\, lab-scale experimental techniques and first prin ciples computation to critically examine and validate the surface and bulk electronic structure of prototypical vanadium (III) phosphate intercalati on cathode materials\, Na3V2(PO4)3\, Li3V2(PO4)3 and K3V3(PO4)4• H2O. U sing a combination of XPS\, Raman UV-Vis -NIR\, UPS and DFT calculations\, a full picture of each AVPs electronic structure was developed and valida ted using both experimental and calculated electronic structure and densit y of states data. From our synchrotron data\, XAS fluorescence yield and e lectron yield measurements reveal substantial variation in surface-to-bulk atomic structure\, vanadium oxidation states and density of oxygen hole s tates across all AVP samples. We attribute this variation to an intrinsic alkali metal surface depletion layer identified across these alkali metal vanadium (III) phosphates. We propose that an alkali-depleted surface prov ides a beneficial interface with the bulk structure(s) that raises the Fer mi level and improves surface charge transfer kinetics at the surface of t his family of materials. This surface depletion phenomenon has been previo usly reported in other prominent transition metal phosphate intercalation cathodes\, such as LiFePO4 and its general presence here suggests wider ub iquity amongst alkali transition metal phosphate materials.\n\nhttps://eve nts01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4193/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4193/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Analysis of Thermoresponsive Dextrans via Small-Angle X-ray Scatte ring DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T073000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T073100Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4210@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Sarah Otto (University of South Australia)\nThermore sponsive polymers have gained significant interest over recent years due t o their potential use in a wide range of applications\, including drug del ivery\, cell therapies\, pharmaceuticals\, tissue engineering\, and minera l processing [1]. Of particular interest are thermoresponsive polysacchari des\, which are generally biocompatible and biodegradable\, unlike their s ynthetic counterparts. This is particularly important when considering bio medical applications\, such as drug delivery\, as biodegradability allows for the clearance of the drug delivery system from the body and can help t o facilitate drug release. We have developed a novel family of thermorespo nsive polysaccharides with tunable transition temperatures via functionali sation of non-thermoresponsive dextran with a series of alkylamides [2]. B y altering the composition and degree of substitution of the alkylamide gr oups on the dextran backbone\, the temperature at which phase transition o ccurs can be tuned. Upon heating\, solutions of thermoresponsive dextrans undergo a reversable phase transition to afford colloidal suspensions. The nature of the solution-to-colloid transition was investigated by UV-visib le spectrophotometry to determine the transition temperature and hystereti c effects\, and via dynamic light scattering to determine changes in parti cle size and dispersity. To further interrogate the phase transitions and conformational changes occurring upon heating and cooling\, Synchrotron sm all-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was conducted as a function of temperatu re. Taken together\, these results provide a fundamental platform to furth er study the behaviour of these novel thermoresponsive dextrans when appli ed to specific applications\, such as drug delivery or mineral processing. \n1. Graham\, S\, et al.\, 2019\, Carbohydrate Polymers\, 207\, p.143-15 9.\n2. Otto\, S\, et al.\, 2021\, Carbohydrate Polymers\, 254\, p.117280.\ n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4210/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4210/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:A precisely piezo-controlled macro-ATR for characterizing the dyna mic behaviour electrolyte/electrode interface DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T072900Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T073000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4228@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: SAILIN LIU (University of Wollongong)\nIn all batter y systems\, electrolyte plays a vital role in determining the stability of the electrodes\, as well as the safety of the battery uses. The good soli d electrolyte interphase (SEI) protective layer formed at the first cyclin g process of the battery\, rather than continually accumulating on the ele ctrode surface\, and is not dissoluble in electrolytes\, making its proper ties highly dependent on the chemical structure. Therefore\, further devel opment of safe battery technology strongly requires a better understanding of the chemistry and formation mechanism of the SEI\, which remains large ly unknown due to their complex structure and a lack of reliable in situ e xperimental techniques. Based on the above\, a novel piezo-controlled macr o-ATR (within a precise controlling thickness of 100 nm above the electrod e surface) is successfully developed for battery research in the IRM beaml ine in the Australian Synchrotron. This innovation enables probing the rea l-time reaction inside a battery at the micro-scale with an accurate contr olled detecting movement to the electrode surface. Changes in functional g roups and their distribution observed will be complementary with the ex-si tu results to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms occurring i n different electrolytes at different stages\, which will subsequently be correlated to their stability and charging performance. Such knowledge wil l be critical for optimizing the ingredients of non-flammable electrolytes to support further development of more stable and high-performance batter ies and enable scientific design principles of non-flammable electrolytes. \n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4228/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4228/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Physical insights into self-assembly of enzymatic protein particle s using Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T072800Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T072900Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4181@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Bhuvana Shanbhag (Monash University)\, Tayyaba Youna s (Monash University)\nAssembled protein particles are emerging as advance d protein biomaterials with significant impact in areas of vaccine develop ment\, biocatalysis\, drug delivery and biosensing. To date\, assembled pr otein particles primarily serve as scaffold to tether functional entities for various applications. Since they lack inherent functional properties\, subsequent functionalisation of protein particles is essential. In this work\, we present a simple approach using self-assembling peptides to form particles of protein of interest in the presence of stimuli.[1] We demons trate this by a model protein-peptide module using enzyme bovine carbonic anhydrase (BCA) fused with self-assembling peptide (P114) via GS-linker an d expressed in E. coli. The BCA-P114 self-assembles into particles in resp onse to two different stimuli i.e.\, pH and magnesium ions. Through dynami c light scattering we showed that BCA-P114 particles form spontaneously\, and particle size can be controlled with the extent of stimuli.[2] Using S AXS (SAXS/WAXS beamline at the Australian Synchrotron)\, we studied the se lf-assembly kinetics and the timescales of BCA-P114 particle formation usi ng magnesium ions as stimuli. The SAXS analysis of particle formation kine tics exhibited the particle formation to occurs within 10 secs of exposure to magnesium ions. Furthermore\, the structure and function of BCA-P114 p article were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and enzyme assa y respectively. Our self-assembling strategy provides a platform for the s pontaneous formation and customisation of particles of desired functional protein.[3] This platform technology will open-up new opportunities to ada pt functional proteins into particles for use as advanced biomaterial.\n\n https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4181/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4181/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:SNAKE VENOM-CONTRLLED 3D FIBRIN ARCHITECTURE REVEALED BY SANS/USAN S DICTATES FIBROBLAST DIFFERENTATION DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T072700Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T072800Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4197@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Zhao Wang (1Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology\, The University of Queensland\, Australia.)\nFibrin is the founding matrix after injury\, delivering the key biophysical cues to promote wound healing in a timely and coordinated manner. The effect of t he fibrin architecture on wound healing hasn’t been studied due to a lac k of control over the enzyme-catalyzed polymerization of the fibrin networ k in vitro. Here\, we establish a new defined snake venom-controlled fibri n system with precisely and independently controlled architectural and mec hanical properties. By utilising combined small-angle neutron scattering ( SANS) and ultra-small angle neutron scattering (USANS) techniques\, we cha racterize the full-scale architectural properties of the new system from t he internal structure of the individual fibres to the structure of the fib rin networks and compare them to super-resolution optical methods. This ve ry precise set of neutron scattering data confirms our full control over t he network’s architectural features\, which serves as a foundation for t he application of this defined system. The subsequent cell differentiation studies reveal that fibrin architecture has prevailing control over fibro blast spreading phenotypes and long-term myofibroblast differentiation. Th ese findings implicate matrix architecture as a key activator of fibroblas t differentiation and provide new biophysical strategies in the design of biomaterials to promote scarless wound healing.\n\nhttps://events01.synchr otron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4197/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4197/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Ruthenium-Based Pyrochlore Oxides for Improved Electrocatalysis DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T072600Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T072700Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4194@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Bryce Mullens (University of Sydney)\nEnergy securit y during the transition to a low-carbon economy is one of society’s gran d challenges. One possible method of developing carbon-neutral energy gene ration is through the combustion of hydrogen and oxygen gas. However\, the se gases must be able to be sustainably sourced using low-emission technol ogies.\n \nOne such method is using electrocatalysts – catalysts capable of splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen gas in the presence of electr icity. Currently\, industry standard electrocatalysts contain a high noble metal content\, such as ruthenium and iridium. These metals are extremely expensive and their performance can degrade over time. Recently\, pyrochl ore oxides have emerged as promising alternatives due to their low noble m etal content\, extreme stability\, and high oxygen evolution activity in a cidic environments. However\, despite this\, debate currently exists in th e literature as to what specific structural properties of these materials lead to their superior electrocatalytic performance. \n\nThis work present s full structural models of various ruthenium pyrochlore oxides of the for m (Y$_{2-x}M_{x}$)Ru$_{2}$O$_{7-d}$ ($M$ = Mn-Zn) based on various diffrac tion and spectroscopic studies. X-ray and neutron diffraction\, as well as X-ray absorption spectroscopy\, have been used to determine the short-ran ge local and long-range average structures of these electrocatalysts. Cycl ic voltammetry measurements have further shown significant oxygen evolutio n reaction activity compared to industry-standard ruthenium oxide\, despit e containing substantially less ruthenium. This has allowed us to establis h structure-functionality relationships for these electrocatalysts\, furth er developing and improving them for overall water splitting reactions.\n\ nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4194/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4194/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Investigating the dielectric properties of the cornea and tympanic membrane using Synchrotron ATR and transmission at THz frequencies DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T072500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T072600Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4206@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Negin Foroughimehr (Swinburne University of Technolo gy)\nHigh GHz and THz frequencies are becoming important in the communicat ion\, security\, and industrial fields. With the increasing use of THz tec hnology\, the skin\, cornea\, and tympanic membrane will be subjected to i ncreased incidental and purposeful THz radiation. There is an urgent need to adequately characterise the way the cornea and tympanic membrane intera ct with THz radiation to understand potential THz exposure hazards and ref ine dosimetry guidelines. The understanding of the complex permittivity of the cornea and tympanic membrane at THz frequencies may lead to the devel opment of THz-based diagnostic techniques and therapeutic techniques based on the differences of permittivity at THz between normal and pathological states.\n\nTHz is highly absorbed by liquid water. The cornea and tympani c membrane are “high bulk water content” tissues (over 70% water). We have devised innovative approaches to interrogate biological samples with attenuated total reflection (ATR) apparatus at THz frequencies at THz/far -infrared beamline in the Australian Synchrotron. One new method extends t he capabilities of the ATR apparatus to a partial reflection/partial trans mission mode (APR). A second method was to vary the temperature of biologi cal tissues whilst continually scanning the sample. The combination of the methods brought a very accurate determination of the temperature-dependen t variation of the refractive index. The last technique extends the useful range of the apparatus to exploring samples with refractive index beyond the maximum possible with attenuated total reflection\, bringing water-bas ed biological samples within the capacity of the diamond crystal ATR at th e Australian Synchrotron.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146 /contributions/4206/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4206/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:The investigation of structural and electronic configurations of n oble-metal free nanocomposite and electrocatalytic oxides for acidic water electrolysis DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T072400Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T072500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4192@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Darcy Simondson-Tammer (Monash University)\nThe deve lopment of *in situ* XAS for water electrolysis applications\, such as sus tainable hydrogen production\, is integral towards the accurate characteri sation of state-of-the-art electrocatalytic materials. As this field conti nues to uncover a breadth of earth-abundant and high performance electroca talysts\, the understanding of their operando structures and electronic st ates is required to not only understand the true nature of these electroma terials\, but also precisely bench-mark emerging catalysts and catalytic m echanisms against already industrially dominant electrocatalysts. Due to i ts intrinsically conductive nature\, and the purity of hydrogen that is pr oduced at industrially relevant current densities\, acidic water electroly sis presents one of the most capable modes of producing hydrogen sustainab ly at the terawatt scale. It is from these perspectives that the developme nt of cost effective\, acid stable and highly active catalytic materials m ust be developed and characterised in order to make this technology increa singly feasible for deployment at the global scale. Operando XAS has been instrumental in our recent developments towards two intrinsically stable e lectrocatalysts that are based off cobalt-rion-lead and silver-bismuth mix ed oxides\, and the now refined understanding of "catalyst-in-matrix" mech anisms of operation. During our XAS work at ANSTO we have been successful in collecting high quality XANES and EXAFS data on the two acid stable mat erials described\, whereby structural and electronic information would not have been uncovered under *ex situ* XAS experimental designs. From the de tailed results obtained\, we are now refining our *in situ* XAS technique for a breadth of acid-stabe materials that have been developed within our team at Monash University and believe that this will benefit the field tow ards precise bench-marking metrics for cost effective electrocatalysis.\n\ nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4192/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4192/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Chiral Detection with Fluorescent Coordination Polymers DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T072300Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T072400Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4186@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Shannon Thoonen (The University of Melbourne)\nChira lity is an intrinsic property of life on Earth. Biological systems have ev olved alongside chiral molecules like proteins\, DNA\, and sugars\, which all exist as pairs of nonsuperimposable mirror images. These mirror images \, called enantiomers\, are chemically indistinguishable\, except when the y interact with other chiral systems. Chiral drugs like ibuprofen differ i n their effectiveness based on the chiral purity of the dose\, and artific ial sweeteners like aspartame can taste bitter if unwanted enantiomers are not filtered out prior to consumption\, owing to the human body’s inher ent chirality. The need to differentiate and separate the enantiomers of c hiral compounds has led to the development of chiral sensors: molecular sy stems that can identify the enantiomeric purity of a sample.\n\nCoordinati on polymers (CPs) and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are ideally suited t o chiral sensing. These crystalline frameworks consist of extended structu res of organic linkers bridging metal centres\, and are both easily tuned and potentially porous\, enabling the incorporation of small guest compoun ds into their internal voids. When the parent framework is chiral\,1 one e nantiomer of a chiral guest molecule will have a stronger interaction with the structure than its opposite. This dichotomy in binding strength can b e paired with methods like circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and fluore scent techniques to assess a sample’s enantiomeric composition.2\n\nThis poster presentation will describe the synthesis of a chiral\, fluorescent CP and its crystal structure\, recorded on the MX1 beamline at the Austra lian Synchrotron. The ability of this framework to differentiate the enant iomers of chiral guest compounds through fluorescent quenching measurement s will also be highlighted.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/1 46/contributions/4186/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4186/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor ligand binding domain and the in teractivity with ion-channel control DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T072200Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T072300Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4220@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Zheng Chen (The University of Sydney)\nEncephalopath ies are a group of brain dysfunctions which leads to cognitive\, sensory\, and motor impairments. Recent developments in the field have led to the i dentification of several mutations within the N-methyl-D-aspartate recepto r as one of the possible culprits for this group of conditions. However\, understanding of the underlying changes to the receptor due to these mutat ions has been elusive to date. We aimed to determine the effects of one of the first mutations identified within the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor G luN1 ligand binding domain\, Ser688Tyr. This mutation was identified and a ssociated with early onset encephalopathy. We performed molecular docking\ , randomly seeded molecular dynamics simulations\, and binding free energy calculations to determine the behaviour of the 2 main co-agonists: glycin e and D-serine and their effects on ion channel function. We determined th at the Ser688Tyr mutation leads to instability of both ligands within the ligand binding site due to changes within the ligand binding domain associ ated with the mutation. Associated binding free energy for both ligands al so increased significantly in the mutated receptor. These results reinforc e previously observed in vitro electrophysiology data and provides additio nal information on ligand behaviour. Upcoming studies involve the use of c rystallography and neutron scattering to determine the effects of this mut ation on ion-channel function. This study provides valuable insight into t he consequences of mutations within the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor GluN 1 ligand binding domain.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/ contributions/4220/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4220/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Chiral CPs formed using chiral heterotopic ligands DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T072100Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T072200Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4183@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Nicholas Kyratzis (Monash University)\nThe use of he terotopic ligands in the synthesis of coordination polymers (CPs) using py ridyl groups and carboxylates have been extensive. But the use of chiral heterotopic ligands using pyridyl groups and phthalimide groups has not be en explored. Chiral coordination polymers have been formed using leucine\ , phenylalanine and cysteine substituted pyridylphthalimide cores (L3pyph\ , M3pyph and L4pyph)\, where the pyridyl groups have been substituted in t he 3 and 4 positions. One dimensional coordination polymers have been for med using L3pyph and P3pyph\, where there are π-π interactions between p arallel 1D chains. However\, the use of more exotic amino acids such cyste ine\, C3pyph\, has allowed for a 2D coordination polymer to be formed thro ugh the formation of disulphide bonds between 1D chains. A two fold inter penetrated 2D dimensional coordination polymer has been formed using L4pyp h and P4pyph. These illustrates that the substitution of the pyridyl grou p between the 3 and the 4 position has a major influence with the coordina tion polymers formed.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/con tributions/4183/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4183/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Investigating negative thermal expansion in aliphatic metal-organi c frameworks DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T072000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T072100Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4216@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Celia Chen (The University of Sydney)\nNegative ther mal expansion (NTE) involves the unconventional behaviour of material cont raction upon heating and has been observed in some metal organic framework s (MOFs). Investigations into the mechanism governing NTE are highly impor tant for practical applications for when it is undesirable for materials t o expand upon heating. Previous investigations focused on aromatic and sin gle component frameworks\, our goal is to expand into the realm of aliphat ic linkers such as cubane-1\,4-dicarboxylate (1\,4-cdc) and bicyclo[1.1.1] pentane-1\,3-dicarboxylate (1\,3-pdc)\, which may introduce unencountered dynamic motions.[1] \n\nSingle-component aliphatic MOFs\, 3DL-MOF-1 ([Zn4O (1\,3-pdc)3]) and CUB-5 ([Zn4O(1\,4-cdc)3]) were explored using powder dif fraction (PD) techniques.[2] The aliphatic MOFs demonstrated enhanced NTE\ , in comparison to its aromatic MOF-5 analogue . Investigations on the hos t-guest effects on NTE behaviour[3] were explored using neutron PD at the ACNS by charging 3DL-MOF-1 with CO2 guest molecules. Successful NTE quenc hing was achieved at higher CO2 loading.\n\nTo extend our understanding of aliphatic influences on NTE behaviour\, we study a series of moisture sta ble multicomponent frameworks.[4] Using synchrotron PD and single crystal X-ray diffraction we investigate the NTE behaviour of quaternary MOFs (th ree linkers and one node) by varying the aliphatic linker in each system. We hope to identify the key characteristics of aliphatic linkers that dict ates NTE behaviour. \n\n\n\n[1] J. Perego et al.\, Nature Chemistry 2020\, 12\, 845.\n[2] L. K. Macreadie et al.\, ACS Applied Materials & Interface s 2021\, 13\, 30885.\n[3] J. E. Auckett et al.\, Nature communications 201 8\, 9\, 1.\n[4] L. K. Macreadie\, et al.\, Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2020\, 59\, 6090.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/14 6/contributions/4216/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4216/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Wombat – the high intensity diffractometer at OPAL DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T071900Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T072000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4178@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Helen Maynard-Casely (Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation)\nWombat is a high intensity neutron diffractomet er located in the OPAL Neutron Guide Hall. It is primarily used as a high- speed powder diffractometer\, but has also expanded into texture character isation and single-crystal measurement\, particularly diffuse scattering. The high performance comes from the combination of the best area detector ever constructed for neutron diffraction with the largest beam guide yet put into any research reactor and a correspondingly large crystal monochro mator\, all combine with the centre’s polarisation capability to provide an instrument which is unique within the Southern hemisphere. \n \nWomba t has been used to explore a broad range of materials\, including: novel h ydrogen-storage materials\, negative-thermal-expansion materials\, methane -ice clathrates\, piezoelectrics\, high performance battery anodes and cat hodes\, high strength alloys\, multiferroics\, superconductors and novel m agnetic materials. Our poster will highlight both the capacity of the inst rument\, and some recent results.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/e vent/146/contributions/4178/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4178/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Lithium Lanthanide Halides: A New Family of Solid Electrolytes DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T071800Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T071900Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4208@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Michael Brennan (University of Sydney)\nThe growing need for safe and reliable energy storage has brought the search for stabl e\, high performance solid electrolytes to the forefront of battery materi als research. Recently\, it has been shown that lithium lanthanide halides (Li$_3$MX$_6$\, M = La-Lu\, X = Cl\, Br\, I) with high ionic conductiviti es can be synthesized through mechanochemical and water mediated routes\, creating renewed interest in the family of compounds. However\, Li$_3$MX$_ 6$ compounds have only been synthesised with the late lanthanides (Eu-Lu)\ , apart from the isolated case of samarium bromide\, and of these compound s\, only Li$_3$MX$_6$ (X = Cl\, Br\, I) and Li$_3$YbCl$_6$ have had their crystal structures reported. This leaves a large gap in the literature tha t is yet to be explored. The family of Li$_3$MX$_6$ compounds share proper ties that make them highly appealing for use in all-solid-state batteries. Their structural properties\, namely disordered lithium sites and soft a nion lattices\, allow for Li$_3$MX$_6$ compounds to have excellent ionic c onductivities of ~1 mS/cm\, comparable to garnet Li$_7$La$_3$Zr$_2$O$_{12} $\, one of the most promising solid electrolytes for lithium batteries. Ad ditionally\, halides have a favourable decomposition against lithium metal electrodes\, forming ionically conductive and electronically insulating L iX interphase materials. These interphase materials are stable during cycl ing and impede any further electrolyte decomposition\, allowing for excell ent cyclic stability. These properties\, along with the large gaps that ar e yet to be explored\, make research into Li$_3$MX$_6$ compounds imperativ e for the continued development of solid-state electrolytes for all-solid- state batteries.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contribu tions/4208/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4208/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Canine osteosarcoma positioning and dosimetry study DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T071700Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T071800Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4239@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jason Paino (UOW)\nAppendicular osteosarcoma is a hi ghly destructive malignant primary bone tumour occurring in both canine an d human patients. Clinically\, amputation is the most common outcome\, how ever\, Synchrotron generated radiotherapy may provide a preferable alterna tive.\nBuilding from a body of knowledge acquired in small animal models\, client-owned dogs with spontaneously developing tumours would be an excel lent translational model to assess novel radiation therapies\, moving towa rd the ultimate goal of human patients.\n\nThis work presents a positionin g and dosimetry study using a canine cadaver as a proof-of-concept for vet erinary trials at the imaging and medical beamline of the Australian Synch rotron. This included x-ray imaging\, alignment to the treatment beam\, si mulation and prescription of a therapeutic dose and finally the delivery o f said prescription.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/cont ributions/4239/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4239/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Radiation monitor for astronaut safety and prediction of electroni c failure in the space mission DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T071600Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T071700Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4238@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Vladimir Pan (University of Wollongong)\nAstronauts travelling through space are at risk of exposure to radiation arising from Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCRs) and Solar particle events (SPE) which possess a significant radiobiological effect. GCR is mostly made up of protons wi th a small proportion of GCR being high atomic number energetic particles\ , which are difficult to shield while SPEs are events which occasionally e ject large number of protons on top of a steady stream of photons and elec trons. The composition of GCRs and SPE creates a complex radiation field w hich becomes difficult to characterize in real time due to the large varie ty of ions and radiation types. The ability to measure the dose equivalent in real time received by astronauts with high efficiency and accuracy is of great importance\, as the risk of excessive exposure can be monitored a nd minimized. A novel large area microdosimeter has been developed at the Centre for Medical Radiation Physics\, University of Wollongong – named the Octobox\, for monitoring the dose equivalent and radiobiological risk to astronauts in a mixed radiation field environment\, typical to the one encountered in space. The Octobox’s response to 290 MeV/u 12C ion\, 230 and 490 MeV/u 28Si\, 400 MeV/u 20Ne at the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator i n Chiba (HIMAC)\, Japan was studied. Both experimental and GEANT4 simulati on data are showing that the Octobox is suitable for mixed radiation field monitoring for space application with real-time readout of dose equivalen t values aiding in protection of astronauts on space missions.\n\nhttps:// events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4238/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4238/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Understanding and controlling the formation of photonic crystals f rom polydisperse colloidal systems DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T071500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T071600Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4237@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Katherine Chea (RMIT University)\nThe fundamentals o f crystallisation and glass formation are not yet fully understood. Colloi dal suspensions have been shown to be promising model systems for understa nding these processes. As colloidal motion is Brownian\, rather than balli stic\, kinetics and dynamics can be studied in real-time. It is well docum ented that colloidal suspensions can “successfully crystallise” when t he particles in the system have sufficiently low polydispersity.[1\,2] Thi s means that the particles must have a similar average size and shape. If a system is highly polydisperse\, this will hinder the solidification proc ess.\n\nIn this work we will explore colloidal nanodiamonds. Nanodiamonds are a topic of interest in many material studies due to their wide variety \, and unique mechanical and optical properties.[3\,4] Detonation nanodiam onds (DNDs) are of particular interest due to their unique fabrication pro cess. Due the detonation synthesis method\, the particles are small (sever al nm) and faceted\, but in solution self-assemble into highly irregular f ractal shapes.[5] Despite this high polydispersity\, when centrifuged\, th ese types of DNDs can yield incredibly ordered structures and form iridesc ent photonic crystals – this is highly surprising given the highly irreg ular structures of these materials. These photonic crystals were first dis covered by Grichko *et al.*\,[5] however\, the mechanisms behind these hig hly ordered structures are still unknown. With a combination of lab techni ques and beam time allocations at the Australian Synchrotron\, ANSTO and p otentially overseas neutron facilities\, we will systematically investigat e these nanodiamond photonic crystals\, and examine their structure and fo rmation kinetics.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contrib utions/4237/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4237/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Inelastic Neutron Scattering of Liquid Metal Gallium DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T071400Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T071500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4235@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Caleb Stamper (University of Wollongong)\nLiquid met als (LMs) – metals that are liquid near room temperature – have fascin ated scientists for centuries. In the last few decades\, in particular\, t he extent of their peculiar properties has been highlighted. Properties su ch as low melting point\, high flexibility and stretchability\, excellent thermal and electrical conductivities\, and biocompatibility have led LMs to a wide variety of applications. While LMs have proven to be an exceptio nally useful class of materials\, their unique properties also speak to va rious fundamental physical phenomena. In particular\, the (hydro)dynamics of LMs is of interest as they have a uniquely challenging nature: possessi ng the complex nature of regular fluids as well as a “sea” of electron s – giving rise to unique hydrodynamic effects. Inelastic neutron scatte ring (INS) is a particularly well-suited technique to investigate such eff ects as it probes the microscopic hydrodynamic origins in the nanometer-te rahertz regime. In this presentation\, we shall report our preliminary inv estigations on Ga across the phase transition from solid to liquid as a fu nction of temperature using inelastic neutron scattering. The analysis of the energy dependence of the phonon density of states at low energy region reveals the transition from E^2 for the solid state to a more or less lin ear relationship corresponding to the liquid state. The dynamic changes wi ll be further discussed in the content of atomic diffusive properties of t he system through analysis of the quasielastic neutron scattering in combi nation with molecular dynamic simulations.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron .org.au/event/146/contributions/4235/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4235/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Characterising the temperature dependent spectra of polyethylene f or terahertz optics DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T071300Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T071400Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4234@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Thomas Sanders (University of Wollonogong)\nPolyethy lene is a highly transparent material in the terahertz (THz) region (1-200 cm$^{-1}$). This makes it ideal for lenses and windows\, especially for c ryostats. It is also often used as a binding medium in sample pellets to d ilute trace amounts of optically thick samples. \n\nOne caveat for this ex tremely useful material\, however\, is an absorption at 73 cm$^{-1}$\, oft en overlooked when utilising polyethylene for terahertz optics. This mode was first studied during the 1960’s [1\,2] but has sparsely been mentio ned in scientific literature since\, most recently in 2019\, being describ ed as “elusive” [3].\n\nTo determine the effects of this absorption on terahertz optics we have quantified the intensity and frequency of this m ode from 6-300 K for different sample thicknesses on the THz beamline at t he Australaian Synchrotron. We have observed a large redshift of 6.7 cm$^{ -1}$ (79.9-73.2 cm$^{-1}$) with heating over this temperature range\, as w ell as significant reductions in the peak intensity. These results indicat e that for thin samples (\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146 /contributions/4234/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4234/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Using low energy ion beams to pattern the surface of novel semicon ductors DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T071200Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T071300Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4233@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Abuduliken Bake (University of Wollongong)\nA wide r ange of ion energies (KeV- MeV)\, ion species\, and ion fluences achievabl e by ion beam implantation\, which allows fabrication of highly customized patterned subsurface structures in materials. This advanced material proc essing technology allows tuning of specific magnetic\, and electronic prop erties with the aim of achieving a wide range of functionalities in electr onics. Magnetic ions implantation has been actively used for functionalisi ng semiconductor materials in recent few years in attempt to fabricate mag netic semiconductors for spintronic applications. [1\, 2] Ion beam pattern ing\, like electron-beam lithography\, able to fabricate customised geomet ryies on a surface of a semiconductor to create a functionalised region wi th desired electronic and magnetic properties. By using low energy ion bea m implanter at Center of Accelerator Science (CAS) at Australian Nueclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO)\, we demonstrate that the curr ent method has the potential application in the integrated circuitry proce ssing industry with the ability to “write” very small features down to few tens of nanometers.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/ contributions/4233/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4233/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Microbeam radiation therapy in a heart beat DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T071100Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T071200Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4232@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jason Paino (UOW)\nNon-small-cell lung carcinomas ar e highly radioresistant and so\, of potential interest for treatment with Microbeam Radiation Therapy. In the thoracic cavity\, the therapeutic dose is limited largely by the heart\; one of the most important organs of ris k.\nWe developed an ex vivo protocol to study the acute response of the ca rdiac impulse conduction system to microbeam radiotherapy with high peak d oses\, combining physiology measurements in the Langendorff model of the i solated beating heart with world-leading real-time small volume dosimetry. \nThe study was performed in Hutch 2B of the Imaging and Medical Beam Line (IMBL) of the Australian Synchrotron.\nThe acute physiological response o f the heart was measured for 60 minutes post-irradiation.\nWith no arrhyth mia or ventricle pressure drop\, results place the upper limit for normal functioning of the heart between 400 – 4\,000 Gy\n\nhttps://events01.syn chrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4232/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4232/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Data Constrained Modelling with multi-energy X-ray computed microt omography to evaluate the porosity of plasma sprayed ceramic coatings DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T071000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T071100Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4230@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Bruno Kahl (Swinburne University of Technology)\nCoa tings of the materials zirconium boride (ZrB2) and hydroxyapatite (HAp) un derwent X-ray micro-Computed Tomography (X-ray μ-CT) scanning at the Aust ralian Synchrotron. The Data Constrained Modelling (DCM) approach was used to reconstruct 3D models and assess porosity and void distributions. The results from the 3D analysis were compared to a 2D porosity and void distr ibution assessment\, determined from image analysis of the coatings. It wa s found that the 3D and 2D porosity quantifications were in moderate to go od agreement. The 3D porosity determined from the ZrB2-1 model\, 24.7%\, w as within the range determined from 2D analysis\, 22.1 ± 2.6%. Alternativ ely\, the 3D porosity determined from the HAp-1 model\, 22.8%\, was margin ally greater than the determined 2D porosity\, 19.8 ± 2.1%. However\, a c omparison of the 2D and 3D void distributions revealed that a 2D assessmen t poorly predicts the 3D microstructure of coatings and cannot be used to infer properties strongly dependent on the 3D void network. Furthermore\, the 3D analysis demonstrated the deficiencies in typical CT segmentation m ethods applied to data with a moderate CT resolution size of 5.4 μm. The DCM methodology can quantify fine-structure details below the resolution o f the performed CT and thus assess the multi-scale porosity and void netwo rks within atmospheric plasma spray (APS) deposited coatings. The superior DCM approach enabled the quantification of pores below the CT resolution limit and revealed that approximately 91.5% and 81.0% of the ZrB2-1 model and the HAp-1 models\, respectively\, would not have been accurately model led using typical CT segmentation methods.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron .org.au/event/146/contributions/4230/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4230/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Effect of different cladding alloys and grinding on residual stres s in laser clad light rail components using neutron diffraction DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T070900Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T071000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4229@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Ralph Abrahams (Monash University)\nOne of the great est challenges threatening Australia’s railway infrastructure is the rap id rate of rail degradation. Wear and rolling contact fatigue occur due to increasing speeds and tonnages of rollingstock\, requiring significant fu nding by the Australian government to maintain. Light rail is particularly susceptible to degradation due to low carbon steel used in tram switch bl ades.\n\nLaser cladding is a repair strategy which applies a metallic depo sition by melting a cladding powder with the substrate using a high energy laser. This process forms a metallurgical bonded layer whilst generating a heat affected zone (HAZ) containing a redistribution of residual stress due to phase changes and solidification shrinkage from the thermal inputs. \n\nDuring operation\, cyclic wheel-rail contact stress is superimposed on the residual stress leading to fatigue. The ability to accurately measure residual stresses non-destructively\, made possible using neutron diffrac tion\, is critical in experimentally obtaining stress data for fatigue ass essment. Laser cladding has been carried out on ex-service switch blades u sing a martensitic stainless steel and two Stellite alloys. A standard gri nding procedure has been performed to replicate the stress conditions expe rienced in-field after cladding repairs. \n\nStrain measurements were unde rtaken on the Kowari strain scanner at ANSTO to determine the tri-axial st ress across the cladding\, HAZ and substrate. The locations of the fusion boundary and HAZ have been identified through correlation of the stress\, microstrain and full width at half maximum profiles. These findings accomp any extensive evaluation of microstructure and mechanical properties to op timise laser cladding repairs in light rail components.\n\nhttps://events0 1.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4229/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4229/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Combating “fishy” seafood using nuclear techniques DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T070800Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T070900Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4225@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Karthik Gopi (UNSW)\nFood provenance is a global con cern due to rising instances of food fraud\, costing the global food indus try over 50 billion USD per annum and leading to consumers getting lower q uality produce. Seafood is a high value food product\, and the Australian seafood industry is worth 4 billion AUD by 2023. Most Australian seafood i s exported\, and complex supply chains can leave it susceptible to seafood fraud. Accurate and reliable methods of determining seafood provenance is necessary to deter fraud in the supply chain. While conventional techniqu es can be used for determining seafood provenance\, there is no single met hod that accurately determines both the geographic and production origin o f seafood.\n\nThis is where nuclear techniques can play a vital role\, the ANSTO led seafood provenance consortium has partnered with university\, i ndustry\, and government agencies to develop a method for determining seaf ood provenance using iso-elemental fingerprinting. This work also highligh ts the utilisation of ANSTO’s multi-platform analysis capabilities inclu ding x-ray fluorescence through Itrax\, accelerator-based ion beam analysi s and stable isotope analysis that allow provenance to be determined with >80% accuracy when combined with machine learning based models.\n\nThis re search is expected to provide the industry and regulatory bodies with an e ffective way of determining seafood provenance. Furthermore\, the iso-elem ents fingerprints are unique to each grower and has the potential to be us ed as a tool to protect their brands. It also ensures that the Australian export industry is protected and allow consumers to make informed decision s when purchasing seafood.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/14 6/contributions/4225/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4225/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Towards real-time analysis of liquid jet alignment in SFX DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T070700Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T070800Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4226@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jaydeep Jaydeep Patel (La Trobe University)\nSerial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) enables atomic scale imaging of protein structures via X-ray diffraction measurements from large numbers of small crystals intersecting intense X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) pulses. Sam ple injection typically involves continuous delivery of crystals to the pu lsed XFEL beam via a liquid jet. Due to movement of the jet\, which is oft en focused to further reduce its diameter using a gas virtual dynamic nozz le (GVDN)\, jet position is often adjusted multiple times during the exper iment. This can result in loss of beamtime and significant manual interven tion. Here we present a novel approach to the problem of liquid jet misali gnment in SFX based on machine vision. We demonstrate automatic identifica tion and classification of when there is overlap (‘hit’) and when ther e is not overlap (‘miss’) between the XFEL beam and jet. Our algorithm takes as its input optical images from the ‘side microscope’ located inside the X-ray hutch. This algorithm will be incorporated into the contr ol system at the SFX/SPB beamline at the European XFEL where it will be us ed for in-situ ‘alignment correction’ via a continuous feedback loop w ith the stepper motors controlling the location of the nozzle within the c hamber. Full automation of this process will result in a larger volume of useful data being collected. By increasing the efficiency and reducing the per experiment operational cost of SFX at the European XFEL a higher volu me of experiments can be performed. In addition\, via analysis of the feed back metrology we anticipate that optimised nozzle designs and jetting con ditions could be achieved further benefitting the end user.\n\nhttps://eve nts01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4226/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4226/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Comparison between calculated texture-derived velocities and labor atory measurements conducted on samples from a gold-hosting structure. DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T070600Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T070700Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4224@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Andre Eduardo Calazans Matos de Souza (Curtin Univer sity)\nMost lode gold deposits worldwide are associated with structures su ch as shear zones. Thanks to their capacity to couple resolution and depth of investigation\, seismic methods can identify these indirect indicators of mineralization and help extend gold exploration targets to greater dep ths. Rocks from shear zones are usually seismically anisotropic. Seismic a nisotropy is generally related to the intrinsic texture of the rock and th e presence of cracks at depth. Determining seismic anisotropy in relation to the texture of the rock\, and its evolution with depth (pressure) is th erefore necessary to help interpret exploratory seismic surveys. We report here the results of such a correlation conducted in the laboratory with r ock samples extracted from the Thunderbox Gold Mine in Western Australia. Four samples — including two from the shear zone — were selected to as sess the pressure and directional dependency of the P-wave velocities. In addition\, an independent texture analysis was carried out on the two samp les from the shear zone using the quantitative Neutron diffraction method. We then computed the texture-derived velocities using as inputs the miner alogy and texture of the samples. The good agreement between calculated te xture-derived velocities with experimental measurements shows that the tex ture of the shear zone samples is the main source of seismic anisotropy. T his study seeks to improve the understanding of the seismic response acros s mineral deposits that are structurally controlled by shear zones.\n\nhtt ps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4224/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4224/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Acidophilic iron- and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria driven primary min eral weathering and secondary mineral formation in Fe ore tailings DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T070500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T070600Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4222@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: QING YI (The University of Queensland)\nDirect phyto stabilisation of Fe ore tailings is typically unfeasible due to its harsh environment\, which includes strongly alkaline pH conditions\, deficient a vailable nutrients and organic matter and poor physical structure\, hinder ing microbial and plant colonisation. Eco-engineering Fe ore tailings into a soil-like substrate (or technosol) is an emerging technology to rehabil itate tailings landscapes sustainably\, involving a suite of abiotic and b iotic inputs (organic matter\, functional microorganisms and pioneer plant s). However\, the extreme alkalinity and the lack of secondary Fe-rich min erals are critical barriers to transforming Fe ore tailings into soil. \nU sing a microcosm experiment amendment with elemental sulfur (S0)\, Acidith iobacillus ferrooxidans demonstrated the capacity to generate acid that ne utralised alkaline tailings and accelerated primary mineral weathering\, i .e.\, technosol formation. [1] The effects of biological S0 oxidation on t he weathering of alkaline Fe ore tailings were examined using several high -resolution micro-spectroscopic techniques\, including synchrotron-based X -ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (XAFS) and electron microscopy . It is found that: 1) A. ferrooxidans inoculum together with S0 amendment facilitated fast neutralisation of the alkaline Fe ore tailings\; 2) A. f errooxidans activities induced Fe-bearing primary mineral (e.g.\, biotite) weathering and nano-sized secondary mineral (e.g.\, ferrihydrite and jaro site) formation\; 3) the association between bacterial cells and tailing m inerals were facilitated by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The behaviour and biogeochemical functionality of A. ferrooxidans in the taili ngs provide a fundamental basis for developing bacterial based technologie s towards eco-engineering tailings into a soil-like substrate for sustaina ble mine site rehabilitation.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event /146/contributions/4222/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4222/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Synchrotron Light for Exploring Arsenic Environments in Arsenian P yrite DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T070400Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T070500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4223@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Philip Forson (University of South Australia\, Futur e Industries Institute-STEM)\nSubstitution of arsenic in pyrite called ars enian pyrite is often accompanied by concentration of valuable metals such as gold in some deposits. In such mineralogical occurrence\, a concentrat ion-driven substitution of As encapsulating ‘pure’ pyrite is typical. Although knowledge of As substitution environment in pyrite is important i n determining surface characteristics\, and interactions in chemical proce sses such as oxidation\, they are widely varied in nature with paucity of information in existing literature. The current study employed synchrotron X-ray spectroscopy (SXPS)\, using tunable excitation energy to study vacu um-fractured surfaces of arsenian pyrite. SXPS As 3d of arsenian pyrite s uggest the existence of an As-As dimer in arsenian pyrite\, characterised by a shift in bulk binding energy to 0.6 eV lower than the As-S dimer of a rsenopyrite. Possible As cluster formation was also proposed. The high bin ding energy contribution at excitation energy of 100 and 210 eV were resol ved into two surface components that may have formed from possible surface reconstruction or polymerisation.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/ event/146/contributions/4223/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4223/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Ocean acidification alters the nutritional value of Antarctic diat oms DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T070300Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T070400Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4221@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Rebecca Duncan (University of Technology Sydney and UNIS Svalbard)\nThe cold waters of the Southern Ocean (SO) are acknowledge d as a major hotspot for atmospheric CO2 uptake and is anticipated to be o ne of first regions to be affected by Ocean acidification (OA). Primary pr oduction in the SO is dominated by diatom-rich phytoplankton assemblages\, whose individual physiologies and community composition are strongly shap ed by the environment\, yet knowledge on how diatoms allocate cellular ene rgy in response to OA is limited. Using Synchrotron based FTIR-Microspectr oscopy at the Australian Synchrotron\, we analysed the macromolecular cont ent of selected individual diatom taxa from a natural Antarctic phytoplank ton community exposed to a gradient of fCO2 levels (288 – 1263 µatm). W e found strong species-specific differences in macromolecular partitioning under OA. Larger taxa showed preferential energy allocation towards prote ins\, while smaller taxa increased both lipid and protein stores. Our stud y also revealed an OA-induced community shift towards smaller taxa and low er silicification rates at high fCO2. If these changes are representative of future Antarctic diatom physiology\, we may expect a shift away from li pid rich large diatoms towards a community dominated by smaller\, less sil icified taxa\, but with higher lipid and protein stores than their present -day contemporaries\, a response that could have cascading effects on food web dynamics in the Antarctic marine ecosystem.\n\nhttps://events01.synchr otron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4221/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4221/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Crystal Structures of Protic Ionic Liquids and their hydrates DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T070200Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T070300Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4219@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Michael Hassett (RMIT University)\nProtic Ionic Liqu ids (PILs) are a class of tailorable solvents made up of fused salts with melting points below 100 °C\, which are formed through a Brønsted acid-b ase reaction involving proton exchange[1]. These solvents have application s as lubricants\, electrolytes\, and many other uses[2]. Although they are quite similar to molten salts\, their crystal structures have not been ex plored in-depth\, with only ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) having a reported crystal structure[3\, 4].\nTen alkylammonium-based protic ionic liquids at both neat (\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contribution s/4219/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4219/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Structural basis of coronavirus E protein interactions with human PALS1 PDZ domain DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T070100Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T070200Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4218@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Airah Javorsky (La Trobe University)\nSARS-CoV-2 inf ection leads to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)\, which is associated with severe and life-threatening pneumonia and respiratory failure. Howeve r\, the molecular basis of these symptoms remains unclear. SARS-CoV-1 E pr otein interferes with control of cell polarity and cell-cell junction inte grity in human epithelial cells by binding to the PALS1 PDZ domain\, a key component of the Crumbs polarity complex. We show that C-terminal PDZ bin ding motifs of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 E proteins bind the PALS1 PDZ dom ain with 29.6 and 22.8 μM affinity\, whereas the related sequence from ME RS-CoV did not bind. We then determined crystal structures of PALS1 PDZ do main bound to both SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 E protein PDZ binding motifs. Our findings establish the structural basis for SARS-CoV-1/2 mediated sub version of Crumbs polarity signalling and serve as a platform for the deve lopment of small molecule inhibitors to suppress SARS-CoV-1/2 mediated dis ruption of polarity signalling in epithelial cells.\n\nhttps://events01.sy nchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4218/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4218/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Understanding the structural basis of TIR-domain assembly formatio n in TRAM- and TRIF- dependent TLR signalling DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T070000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T070100Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4215@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Mengqi Pan ()\nToll-like receptors (TLRs) detect pat hogens and endogenous danger\, initiating immune responses that lead to th e production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. At the same time\, TLR-mediat ed inflammation is associated with a number of pathological states\, inclu ding infectious\, autoimmune\, inflammatory\, cardiovascular and cancer-re lated disorders. This dual role of the pathways has attracted widespread i nterest from pharmaceutical industries. Cytoplasmic signalling by TLRs sta rts by their TIR (Toll/interleukin-1 receptor) domain interacting with TIR domain-containing adaptor proteins MyD88\, MAL\, TRIF and TRAM. Combinato rial recruitment of these adaptors via TIR:TIR domain interactions orchest rates downstream signalling pathways\, leading to induction of the pro-inf lammatory genes. Although many constituents of the TLR pathways have been identified\, the available information on their coordinated interactions i s limited. Such information is crucial for a mechanistic understanding of TLR signalling\, development of therapeutic strategies\, and understanding of the molecular basis of the consequences for human disease of adaptor p olymorphic variants. We have discovered that TIR domains can form large as semblies. We hypothesized that TIR domain signalling occurs through a mech anism involving higher-order assembly formation. In this study we aim to d etermine the molecular architecture of higher-order assemblies formed by T IR domains with a focus on TRAM-TRIF assemblies in the TLR4 and TLR3 pathw ay.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4215/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4215/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Biocompatible ionic liquids as designer solvents for the formation of non-lamellar lyotropic liquid crystalline nanoparticles as drug delive ry vehicles DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T065900Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T070000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4213@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Mohamad El Mohamad (RMIT university)\nIonic liquids (ILs) have emerged as a remarkable class of green solvents with unique cha racteristics\, and feasible task-specific tailoring of their properties. T he application of ILs has extended to facilitate amphiphile self-assembly. ILs not only support the self-assembly of amphiphiles\, they can also be used as designer solvents(1). \nLipid amphiphiles can assemble into a wide range of lyotropic liquid crystalline mesophases possessing unique highly ordered multidimensional structures. The bulk phases can be further broke n into nanoparticle dispersions (LCNPs)\,for examples cubosomes and hexoso mes\, that are characterised by their high surface to volume ratio. These particles are receiving growing interest due to their great potential as d rug delivery vehicles for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs(2). \nOur recent small angle X ray scattering (SAXS) results revealed a wide range of LCNPs such as cubosomes and hexosomes obtained in various biocompatible ILs-water solvents. A strong correlation exists between the pH of the sol utions and the adapted phases.\n\nReferences:\n1. Zhai\, J.\; Sarkar\, S.\ ; Tran\, N.\; Pandiancherri\, S.\; Greaves\, T. L.\; Drummond\, C. J.\, Tu ning Nanostructured Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Mesophases in Lipid Nanop articles with Protic Ionic Liquids. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Lett ers 2021\, 12 (1)\, 399-404.\n2. Zhai\, J.\; Fong\, C.\; Tran\, N.\; Drumm ond\, C. J.\, Non-Lamellar Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Lipid Nanoparticle s for the Next Generation of Nanomedicine. ACS Nano 2019\, 13 (6)\, 6178-6 206.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4213/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4213/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Characterisation of an Antimony-based Catalysts for Acid Water Oxi dation Catalysis – Insights through X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and th e challenges of multi-metal systems DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T065800Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T065900Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4211@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Brittany Kerr (Swinburne University of Technology)\n Electrochemical water splitting with a proton-exchange membrane electrolyt e provides many advantages for the energy-efficient production of high-pur ity dihydrogen in a sustainable manner\, but the current technology relies on high loadings of expensive and scarce iridium at the anodes\, which ar e also often insufficiently stable in operation. A common strategy to achi eve stability is to synthesise composite oxides composed of multiple compo nents\, for example [M]SbOx\, [M]PbOx\, [M]BiOx. Yet\, these materials pos e a challenge in that it is not well understand how the mixed metal works to stabilise the material under acidic conditions. The present work presen ts an efficient ruthenium antimony oxide (RuSbOx) electrocatalyst synthesi sed as a thin film on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO). Comprehensive physic al characterisation by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and transmissio n electron microscopy (TEM) reveals important insights into the structure and mechanism of the examined materials while simultaneously highlighting how structural effects\, such as disorder\, may impact the observation an d interpretation of EXAFS data.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/eve nt/146/contributions/4211/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4211/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Inelastic Neutron Scatterings Reveal Intense Ferromagnetic Fluctua tions Preceding Magnetoelastic First-Order Transitions in LaFe13−xSix DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T065700Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T065800Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4347@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Dehong Yu (Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation)\nFirst-order magnetic transitions are of both fundamental a nd technological interest. Of particular interest are giant magnetocaloric effects\, which are attributed to first-order magnetic transitions and ha ve attracted great attention for solid-state refrigeration applications. H ere\, we present a systematic study\, with inelastic and quasielastic neut ron scatterings\, on the lattice and spin dynamics in intermetallic LaFe11 .6Si1.4 and LaFe11.2Si1.8\, which represent one of the most classical gian t magnetocaloric systems and undergo first-order and second-order magnetic transitions\, respectively. While the two samples show similar spin-phono n coupling effect\, LaFe11.6Si1.4 exhibits a much stronger magnetic diffus e scattering in the paramagnetic state preceding its first-order magnetic transition\, correlating closely to picosecond ferromagnetic fluctuations. These dynamic insights suggest that the spin dynamics dominate the magnet oelastic transition and ferromagnetic fluctuations may be universally rele vant for magnetocaloric materials [1]. \n\n[1] Zhao Zhang\, et al. PHYSICA L REVIEW MATERIALS 5\, L071401 (2021).\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org .au/event/146/contributions/4347/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4347/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) structure and properties co rrelation to nucleic acid delivery DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T065600Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T065700Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4207@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Shakil Ahmed Polash (PhD candidate\, School of Scien ce\, RMIT University\, Melbourne\, Victoria 3000\, Australia)\nIn regenera tive medicine\, (intra)cellular delivery of genetic material can be used t o introduce functional copies of a gene that is defective and responsible for disease development. To avoid nuclease- and lysosome-mediated degradat ion of the gene\, drug delivery systems / carriers need to be developed. R ecently\, non-viral delivery systems are being developed\, such as microin jection\, or various chemical approaches (e.g. liposomes\, polymers\, lipi ds)\; due to their economical synthesis\, biocompatibility and ability to transfer a variety of genetic materials and gene editing tools.1 Zeolite i midazole framework (ZIF) is a well-studied non-viral polymeric delivery sy stem where coordination between Zn(II) and imidazolate forms a highly orga nised framework in aqueous solution. ZIFs offer advantageous physicochemic al properties for bio-delivery applications and have been shown to encapsu late a wide range of biomolecules\, including nucleic acids\, via biomimet ic mineralisation. Such ZIF-based delivery systems provide protection of t he gene cargo and were shown to result in endocytosis-mediated cellular up take. Further\, ZIFs degrade in the acidic microenvironments of cancer cel ls\, releasing their cargo at the target site.2\,3 Both cellular uptake an d release of ZIF encapsulated biomolecules are determined by the framework structure\, and its crystal phase. In our work\, a series of ZIF preparat ion methods are studied for the encapsulation of a circular plasmid. The r esulting ZIF structures are characterised via FTIR\, SEM\, synchrotron PXR D. The aim of this project is to establish structure–property relationsh ips to gene loading efficiency\, cellular uptake and cargo release profile s. \n\nReferences:\n1. Sung et al. 2019\, Biomater Res\, 23(1)\, 1-7\, doi : 10.1186/s40824-019-0156-z.\n2. Poddar et al. 2020\, Small\, 15(36)\, 190 2268\, doi: 10.1002/smll.201902268.\n3. Poddar et al. 2021\, Chem Com\, 56 (98)\,15406-15409\, doi: 10.1039/d0cc06241c.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotr on.org.au/event/146/contributions/4207/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4207/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Discovering peptide inhibitors against FtsY\, an antibiotic target DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T065500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T065600Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4204@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jennifer Zhao (University of Sydney)\nThe rapid rise of antibiotic resistance has caused an urgent demand for new antibiotics. One way to address this is by manipulating essential bacterial interactio ns not targeted by current antibiotics. The interaction between the Signal Recognition Particle (SRP) and its receptor (FtsY) is critical for cell v iability but is mediated by RNA:protein interactions in bacteria versus pr otein:protein interactions in eukaryotes. We have used a new technology kn own as RaPID (Randomised non-standard Peptide Integrated Discovery) to ide ntify cyclic peptides that bind to FtsY. Sequence enrichment was observed after seven rounds of selection and eight representative peptides were sel ected for further characterisation.\n \nTo determine whether the peptides can bind the intended RNA-binding interface on FtsY\, Nuclear Magnetic Res onance Spectroscopy (NMR) spectra were collected on 2H13C15N-FtsY produced by ANSTO. High deuteration level has facilitated good quality NMR spectra despite the large size of FtsY (35 kDa). In total\, ~220 amide groups wer e mapped onto the “fingerprint” 15N-1H-HSQC spectrum with >75% of back bone resonances assigned. Following peptide synthesis\, we will titrate se lected peptides into labelled FtsY for chemical shift perturbation experim ents. This will provide binding affinity data for the different peptides a nd enable the mapping of binding residues onto our previously solved cryst al structure. The highest affinity binders will be subjected to soaking an d co-crystallisation experiments with FtsY to further characterise the mod e of interaction. Taken together\, the data obtained will inform the futur e development of cyclic peptides into FtsY inhibitors with high affinity a nd specificity as potential antibiotic leads.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrot ron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4204/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4204/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Data processing technique for the Taipan Be-filter spectrometer DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T065400Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T065500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4346@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Kirrily Rule (ANSTO)\nTaipan\, the highest flux ther mal neutron scattering instrument at ACNS\, was originally built as a trad itional triple-axis spectrometer. In 2016 a beryllium filter analyser spe ctrometer was added for increased versatility. The Be-filter acts like a low-energy band-pass filter ideal for investigating lattice dynamics and m olecular vibrations over a wide energy range. It is particularly well suit ed to measuring the motion within materials containing light elements such as hydrogen.\nWe have successfully created a robust method of treating da ta from the Taipan filter-analyser and present the method within this post er [1]. The data-treatment process includes correction for the non-linear energy variation of a particular monochromator\, removal of higher-order w avelength contamination\, and estimation of low-energy multiple-scattering . The steps described here can be utilized by all users of the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation “Be-filter”—past\, prese nt\, and future.\n\n[1] G.N. Iles\, K.C. Rule\, V.K. Peterson\, A.P.J. Sta mpfl and M.M. Elcombe\, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 92\, 073304 (2021)\; doi: 10.10 63/5.0054786\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contribution s/4346/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4346/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Energy Storage Rocks: Metal Carbonates as Thermochemical Energy S torage Materials DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T065300Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T065400Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4199@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Kyran Williamson (Department of Physics and Astronom y\, Curtin University\,)\nThe intermittent nature of renewable energy is a major challenge that can be overcome via cheap and effective energy stora ge [1]. Thermochemical energy storage is an upcoming technology that can improve efficiency in applications such as concentrated solar power[2]. M etal carbonates have great potential as thermochemical energy storage mate rials\, through the reversible endo/exothermic desorption/absorption of ca rbon dioxide (CO2)[3]. However\, major challenges include the loss of cycl ic capacity and slow reaction kinetics[3].\nRecently\, it has been establi shed that raw unrefined dolomite\, CaMg(CO3)2\, performed significantly be tter than laboratory synthesized dolomite due to the positive effect of ch emically inert impurities present in the sample[4] However\, increasing it s relatively low operational temperature (550 °C) will improve efficiency [4]. The present research explores reactive metal carbonate composites\, w hich consist of barium carbonate destabilised using titanium (IV) oxide (T iO2) or barium silicate (BaSiO3)[5]. This reduces the operating temperatur e from 1400 °C to\, more suitable temperatures of 1100 °C and 850 °C\, respectively\, and improves kinetics of CO2 release and uptake. The reacti ons are explored using in situ synchrotron XRD combined with a variety of other characterisation techniques.\n[1] T. Sweetnam and C. Spataru\, in St oring Energy\, edited by T.M. Letcher (Elsevier\, Oxford\, 2016)\, pp. 501 –508.\n[2] C. Prieto\, P. Cooper\, A.I. Fernández\, and L.F. Cabeza\, R enew. Sustain. Energy Rev. **60**\, 909 (2016).\n[3] L. André\, S. Abanad es\, and G. Flamant\, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. **64**\, 703 (2016).\n[4 ] T.D. Humphries\, K.T. Møller\, W.D.A. Rickard\, M.V. Sofianos\, S. Liu\ , C.E. Buckley\, and M. Paskevicius\, J. Mater. Chem. A **7**\, 1206 (2019 ).\n[5] K.T. Møller\, K. Williamson\, C.E. Buckley\, and M. Paskevicius\, J. Mater. Chem. A **8**\, 10935 (2020).\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.o rg.au/event/146/contributions/4199/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4199/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Investigation of the Diffusion of Cr2O3 into different phases of T iO2 upon Annealing DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T065200Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T065300Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4196@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Abdulrahman Alotabi (Flinders University)\nChromium oxide (Cr2O3) can be used as a protective layer for photocatalysts to impr ove photocatalytic water splitting activity and is commonly photodeposited . However\, it is not known how the conditions of the Cr2O3 formation affe ct the formation of the protective layer and potential diffusion into the substate onto which the Cr2O3 has been deposited. We have investigated the stability of Cr2O3 photodeposited onto the surface of different crystal p hases of TiO2 with subsequent annealing at a range of temperatures up to 6 00⁰C. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and synchrotron near-edge X-ray a bsorption fine structure were used to analyse the chemical composition of the sample\, Neutral impact collision ion scattering spectroscopy was used to study the concentration depth profile of the elements in the sample an d atomic force microscopy was used to investigate the morphology of the su rface. Under annealing conditions\, the Cr2O3 layer diffuses into the amor phous and anatase phases of TiO2 but remains at the surface of the rutile phase. This finding is attributed to differences in surface energy with Cr 2O3 being higher in surface energy than the amorphous and anatase phases o f TiO2 but lower in surface energy than the rutile phase of TiO2. Reductio n of Cr2O3 to Cr metal was observed after annealing with no observation of the formation of higher oxidised forms of chromium oxide like CrO2 and Cr O3. These findings are of general interest to researchers utilising a prot ective overlayer to augment photocatalytic water splitting.\n\nhttps://eve nts01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4196/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4196/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Chain alignment and charge transport anisotropy in blade-coated N2 200/PS blend films DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T065100Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T065200Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4195@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Lin-jing Tang (Monash University)\nSemiconducting po lymers offer the potential of low-cost flexible electronics. To improve th e processability and mechanical flexibility of semiconducting polymers\, b lending with commodity polymers is an attractive strategy. Understanding h ow blending affects the resulting microstructure in aligned samples produc ed by directional coating techniques such as blade coating is important to optimize device performance. This presentation will discuss the microstru cture of blade-coated blends of the semiconducting polymer N2200 with poly styrene (PS) using a range of techniques. In particular\, we have investig ated the degree of alignment of chains of the semiconducting polymer N2200 at the surface and in the bulk. UV-vis spectroscopy and surface-sensitive NEXAFS spectroscopy show that blade coating induces the preferential orie ntation of N2200 chains parallel to the coating direction. Angle-dependent NEXAFS enables the averaged tilt angle of the planar backbone of N2200 to be determined\, revealing improved edge-on configuration at the surface w ith reduced N2200 content. By deconvoluting the spectra of N2200/PS blend film\, the concentration of N2200 at the surface was determined\, showing its tendency of segregating at the surface. Another synchrotron-based tech nique\, grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) was used to selectively probe the crystalline phase of N2200. The GIWAXS results conf irm the directional alignment of N2200 crystallites with backbone stacking direction to be parallel to the coating direction. From the analysis of c rystallite orientation (texture)\, a transition from preferential face-on orientation to edge-on orientation at low N2200 content was seen. Finally\ , charge transport anisotropy was investigated by measuring organic field- effect transistors based on blade-coated N2200/PS blend films with conduct ive channel length parallel or perpendicular to the coating direction.\n\n https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4195/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4195/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Exploring Amine-based MOFs for Electrochemical Water Splitting DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T065000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T065100Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4191@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jade Ang (Monash University)\nElectrochemical water splitting is one of the widely studied routes to developing sustainable en ergy systems. Energy in the form of hydrogen has been gaining attention si nce it can be easily converted\, stored\, and transported. In order to imp rove efficiency\, an electrocatalyst will be needed to aid the slow kineti cs of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) process. Metal-organic framework s (MOFs) or porous coordination polymers (PCPs) are generally considered t o have inferior electrocatalytic performance relative to noble metal oxide s\, however\, in this study using a 2D Co-framework of 1\,4\,7-tris(4’-m ethylbiphenyl-4-carboxylic)-1\,4\,7-triazacyclononane deposited onto nicke l foam has shown a promising catalytic activity. The fabricated electrode with a loading of 0.25 mg cm-2 has shown a low overpotential of 259 mV at the current density of 20 mA cm-2 in alkaline conditions. The electrochemi cal stability of the electrode was evaluated and showed continuous electro lysis with no decay for several hours at room temperature. These initial r esults not only provide a good design for fabricating MOF-based catalysts but also opens up more ideas for tuning and enhancing the electrochemical performance of amine-based MOFs.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/ev ent/146/contributions/4191/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4191/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Spin Dynamics\, Critical Scattering and Magnetoelectric Coupling M echanism of Mn$_4$Nb$_2$O$_9$ DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T064900Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T065000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4190@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Guochu Deng (Australian Nuclear Science and Technolo gy Organization)\nThe spin dynamics of Mn$_4$Nb$_2$O$_9$ were studied by u sing inelastic neutron scattering. A spin-dynamic model is proposed to exp lain the observed spin-wave excitation spectrum. The model indicates that the exchange interactions along the chain direction are weakly ferromagnet ic while the exchange interactions between the neighbour chains are strong ly antiferromagnetic. Such a antiferromagnetic configuration in the hexago nal plane cause spin frustration with a spin gap of about 1.4 meV at the z one centre. The Mn$^{2+}$ ions in this material demonstrate a very weak ea sy-axis single-ion anisotropy. Critical scattering in the vicinity of T$_{ N}$ was studied. On the basis of the magnetic structure and spin-dynamic m odels\, the weak magnetoelectric coupling effect in Mn$_4$Nb$_2$O$_9$ is ascribed to the weak magnetostriction due to the subtle difference between Mn$^{2+}$ ions on the Mn$_{I}$ and Mn$_{II}$ sites.\n\nhttps://events01.s ynchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4190/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4190/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Diffuse Scattering Studies from a Martensitic Fe-Pd Alloy DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T064800Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T064900Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4189@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Trevor Finlayson (University of Melbourne)\nFrom lit erature reports\, Fe-Pd alloys in the vicinity of Fe-30at%Pd exhibit two m artensitic transformations on being cooled from just above room temperatur e to about 100 K. A preliminary study of a large single crystal of this co mposition at the KOALA beamline\, not only showed evidence for these trans formations but also revealed most interesting satellite reflections around certain Bragg spots. The crystal was then studied further in two triple-a xis experiments. The first was at TAIPAN\, specifically to study elastic s cattering and the second\, at SIKA\, to study quasi-elastic scattering bot h in the vicinity of certain Bragg peaks but also around the satellite ref lections observed at KOALA. During a parallel experiment to the SIKA one\, an ideally small piece of the crystal was studied at KOALA but the intere sting satellites found for the large crystal were not present. As a result \, in a further experiment on the large crystal at KOALA\, completed in ea rly 2021\, diffraction patterns were collected with the aim of surveying t he whole of the large crystal\, particularly in the vicinity of the edge f rom which the ideally small crystal piece had been extracted by electro-di scharge machining. The results from this last experiment will be summarise d and discussed in relation to the earlier triple-axis and KOALA results.\ n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4189/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4189/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Taipan – a versatile thermal neutron scattering instrument for m aterials research. DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T064700Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T064800Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4345@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Kirrily Rule (ANSTO)\nLocated on the OPAL reactor fa ce\, Taipan is the highest flux\, thermal neutron scattering instrument at ANSTO. Originally\, Taipan was built as a traditional triple-axis spectr ometer for inelastic neutron scattering studies with energy transfers up t o 70meV. Since its inclusion in the ANSTO user program in 2010\, Taipan h as undergone a number of upgrades and improvements\, including new shieldi ng\, new primary optics and the installation of a Cu-monochromator extendi ng energy transfers up to 200meV. An additional secondary spectrometer\, the Be-filter analyser\, was also developed and integrated in 2015\, offer ing a new way to measure excitations and vibrations in polycrystalline mat erials.\nThis poster will present some recent highlights at Taipan – bot h as a TAS\, and a Be-filter analyser spectrometer.\n\nhttps://events01.sy nchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4345/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4345/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:A multi-analyser upgrading possibility for the thermal-neutron tri ple-axis spectrometer Taipan DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T064600Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T064700Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4187@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Guochu Deng (Australian Nuclear Science and Technolo gy Organization)\nTaipan is a high-flux thermal-neutron triple-axis spectr ometer with a traditional single-detector design. Taipan has been working as the work horse for inelastic neutron scattering experiments at ACNS for the last ten years\, generating numerous beautiful scientific highlights. Following the trend of the neuron instrumentation\, it is interesting to consider the future upgrade of Taipan to increase its data acquisition eff iciency with a multi-analyser design. In this research\, the possibility o f upgrading Taipan into a multi-analyser triple-axis spectrometer is discu ssed. The simulation of the 21 analyser channels with a 2 degree gap in-b etween is demonstrated. The simulated result shows that the data acquisiti on efficiency can be substantially enhanced on Taipan and the multi-analys er design is also very suitable for magnetic diffraction measurement at th e low Q range.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributi ons/4187/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4187/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Complex Coacervates as encapsulation system DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T064500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T064600Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4182@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Sunandita Ghosh ()\, Andrew Whitten (ANSTO)\, Jitend ra Mata (ANSTO)\nComplex coacervates are oppositely charged self-assembled biopolymers such as proteins and polysaccharides. They can be used both a s a delivery system of bioactive materials\, and for improving the structu ral and textural functionalities of the final food products. The functiona lities of the coacervates are dependent on their microstructures\, which a re determined on a case-by-case basis depending on the combination of prot ein\, polysaccharide\, and bioactive. The encapsulation approach developed in this work incorporates the binding of the bioactives to proteins prior to forming complex coacervates with pectin. This was compared to the coac ervate structures formed without the bioactives.\nStructural characterizat ion using SANS showed that protein-bioactive complexes could effectively s elf-assemble with pectin to form complex coacervates making them suitable to be considered as effective encapsulating systems that can used as value added products such as fat and meat analogous.\n\nhttps://events01.synchr otron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4182/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4182/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Demonstrated enantioselective adsorption with cobalt 1D coordinati on polymers DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T064400Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T064500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4180@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Winnie Cao (Monash University)\nChiral coordination polymers have recently been explored as potential stationary phases for en antioselective separations.1 However\, the chiral resolution ability of no n-porous coordination polymers is not often tested. \n\nIn this work\, two chiral 1D cobalt coordination polymers have been synthesised with an amin o acid functionalized diimde ligand. The coordination polymers\, which hav e little free pore space\, have been tested for their chiral resolution ab ilities with 1-phenylethanol. Coordination polymer 1 shows a preference fo r one enantiomer over the other in both soaking experiments and preliminar y ‘mini columns’\, whereas a second structurally similar polymer shows no enantioselectivity thus far. Analyses are currently underway to furthe r probe the chiral separation ability of the systems.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\ n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nReferences\n1 Turner\, D. R.\, Chirality in Network Solids. In Chirality in Supramolecular Assemblies: Ca uses and Consequences\, Keene\, R. F.\, Ed. 2016\n\nhttps://events01.synch rotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4180/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4180/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Platypus Neutron Reflectometer DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T064300Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T064400Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4179@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Stephen Holt (Australian Nuclear Science and Technol ogy Organisation)\nPLATYPUS is the initial neutron reflectometer at the Au stralian Centre for Neutron Scattering with a capability to study surfaces and interface systems ranging from biomolecules\, soft matter through to magnetic thin films [1-3]. There have been a number of significant improve ments to both the instrument and data reduction and treatment software [4] over the last two years. On the hardware front the original detector has been replaced [5] enabling higher count rate capabilities\, greater detect ion efficiency at shorter wavelengths and significantly lower background. The slits which define the neutron beam have been replaced with upgraded p ositioning mechanisms enabling greater flexibility in experimental setup. These changes have significantly enhanced the instrument performance with improved reproducibility.\n\n[1] M. James et al.\, J. Neutron Research 14\ , 91 - 108 (2006) \n[2] M. James et al.\, Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Phy sics Research A\, 632\, 112 - 123 (2011) \n[3] T. Saerbeck et al.\, Rev. S ci. Instrum. 83\, 081301 (2012) \n[4] A. Nelson et al.\, J. Appl. Crystall ography\, 52\, 193 - 200 (2019)\n[5] L. Abuel et al.\, Journal of Neutron Research\, 23(1)\, 53 – 67\, (2021).\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org .au/event/146/contributions/4179/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4179/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Structural basis of the Trichoplax adhaerens Scribble and Dlg inte ractions with the PDZ-binding motif of Vangl DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T064200Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T064300Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4203@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Janesha Maddumage (1Department of Biochemistry and G enetics\, La Trobe University)\nMaintenance of multicellular tissue archit ecture is conserved process which is regulated by a highly\nconserved set of proteins. The interacting partners of these regulators are also conserv ed across the\nanimal kingdom. Scribble and Dlg are two such key polarity regulators that involve in the establishment\nand maintenance of multicell ular apical-basal cell polarity in epithelial cells. These are scaffolding \nproteins bearing multiple PDZ domains that mediate most of their interac tions. Complex multicellular\norganisms evolved from the simple primitive forms\; therefore\, we examined Scribble and Dlg mediated\ncell polarity i n the simplest metazoan living on earth\, Placazoa\, Trichoplax adhaerens. Despite its\nextreme simplicity\, Trichoplax contains all polarity regula tors that are fundamental to instruct the body\nplans in higher animals\; thus\, making it an ideal candidate to use as a polarity studying model. W e now\nshow biochemically that a key interaction for the establishment of cell polarity between Scribble and\nDlg PDZ domains and Vangl in mammals i s fully recapitulated in Trichoplax. We found that Scribble\nPDZ1\, PDZ2 a nd PDZ3 interact with Vangl with affinities comparable to the human intera ction\, with\na similar hierarchy in affinities. We also found that all th ree PDZ domains of Dlg interact with Vangl\nwith no hierarchy of their aff inities. We then show using crystal structures of Scribble PDZ1\, PDZ2 and \nDlg PDZ1\, PDZ2 bound to the C-terminal PDZ binding motif of Vangl that in addition to the binding\naffinities\, the detailed interactions between Scribble/Vangl and Dlg/Vangl are also conserved at the\natomic level betw een Trichoplax and human.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146 /contributions/4203/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4203/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Enhancing synchrotron modulated Microbeam Radiation Therapy in viv o with novel high Z nanoparticles DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T064100Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T064200Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4205@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Sarah Vogel (University of Wollongong)\nWith limited improvement in brain cancer patient survival in the last 30 years\, the s earch for a treatment strategy that is targeted and effective continues. T his study is harnessing the unique properties of synchrotron radiation for anti-cancer radiotherapy. The Imaging and Medical Beamline (IMBL) at the ANSTO Australian Synchrotron (AS) offers the possibility to perform pre-cl inical synchrotron radiation trials using extremely high dose-rates\, spar ing normal tissue whilst delivering large doses to the tumour site. This s tudy focused on patient specific treatments combining Microbeam Radiation Therapy (MRT) with novel high Z nanoparticles (NPs)\, and was the largest rodent survival study utilising nanoparticle enhancement ever undertaken a t AS. Thulium oxide NPs (Z=69) are a promising sensitising and imaging age nt with limited cytotoxicity and proven synchrotron enhancement. 32 Fische r 344 rats were inoculated with 9L gliosarcoma in the right caudate nucleu s of the brain. 11 days later\, the rats were imaged with Computed Tomogra phy (CT) to locate the tumour in relation to bony anatomy. The following d ay\, nanoparticles were injected directly to the tumour of each rat. Using the CT scans\, the rats were aligned in-beam\, and a bolus was placed ove r the irradiation site. One radiation fraction was given to different trea tment groups at valley doses of 8\, 14 or 15Gy\, with a radiation field of 8mm by 8mm and microbeams produced using the 4T magnet and Al/Al filtrati on. Utilising a heavily improved oedema protocol\, seizure symptoms and ad verse events immediately post MRT were significantly reduced. Overall surv ival compared to rodents with MRT alone was found to be improved when cons idering the tumour to brain volume.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au /event/146/contributions/4205/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4205/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Getting better statistics: variable count time data collection wit h large linear detectors. DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T064000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T064100Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4374@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Matthew Rowles (Curtin University)\nX-ray diffractio n data are normally collected with a fixed count time (FCT) per step. With this data\, the intensities of the diffraction peaks decrease with increa sing angle\,primarily due to the effects of atomic scattering factors\, Lo rentz-polarisation\, atomic displacement parameters\, and absorption. In d iffractometers with point or small linear detectors\, these changes can be counteracted by systematically varying the counting time as a function of diffraction angle.This variable-count-time (VCT) approach has been shown to produce data of superior quality for structure determination and refine ment\, as all peaks have similar intensities\, allowing them to contribute equally\nto the analysis process.\n\nWith the advent of large linear dete ctors\, the ability to change the counting time as a function of angle has been removed. A computer program has been written to construct a VCT diff raction pattern by the progressive summation of a series of conventional F CT diffraction patterns. This approach extends the collection of VCT data to large linear detectors\, where traditional VCT is impossible. The progr am can also be used to simulate the construction process as an aid in expe rimental planning. An example application is given.\n\nhttps://events01.sy nchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4374/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4374/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:ADS-1 and ADS-2: New high-energy X-ray beamlines at the Australian Synchrotron DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T063900Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T064000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4370@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Josie Auckett (Australian Synchrotron)\nEight new be amlines are currently under design or construction at the Australian Synch rotron as part of the BRIGHT project. Included among them are the Advanced Diffraction and Scattering beamlines\, ADS-1 and ADS-2\, which will offer high-energy X-rays (45-150 keV) for a variety of diffraction\, imaging an d tomography experiments. ADS will benefit users from the materials\, mine rals and engineering research communities who wish to study bulky or stron gly absorbing samples and/or perform *in situ* measurements using complex sample environments. We present an update on the progress of the ADS proje ct\, including the latest design features of the two beamline endstations and the planned range of experimental capabilities.\n\nhttps://events01.sy nchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4370/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4370/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:ATOS-GOM structured light 3D scanner\, replacement new for old or intriguing possibilities! DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T063800Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T063900Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4364@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Mark Reid (ANSTO)\nThe ATOS-GOM structured light 3D scanner is a replacement for the laser scanner previously used on the Kowa ri instrument. In addition to outlining its operation\, this talk will add ress some exciting possibilities this new piece of equipment brings to the Kowari instrument.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contr ibutions/4364/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4364/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Current Facilities on the Soft X-ray Beamline DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T063700Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T063800Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4362@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Bruce Cowie (ANSTO)\nThe soft X-ray beamline at the Australian Synchrotron has been operating with users since 2008. The beaml ine offers three different systems for users\; A full Ultra High Vacuum su rface science system with Nexafs and Photo-emission capabilities\, an Angl e Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy (ARPES) system operated with La Tro be University and a High Throughput system exclusively for Nexafs but with vacuum pressure restrictions relaxed from UHV to lie in the 10-7 to 10-8 mbar range. The current specific capability of all three instruments will be presented.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributi ons/4362/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4362/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Kowari residual stress diffractometer DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T063600Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T063700Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4361@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Mark Reid (ANSTO)\nKowari is a residual stress diffr actometer which can be used for ‘strain scanning’ of large engineering components as large as one ton. The integrity of engineering components o ften depends on strains and stresses inside the material. For example\, ra ils can fail if stresses exceed the ‘ultimate tensile stress’.\n\nhttp s://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4361/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4361/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Recent highlights from the Pelican spectrometer DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T063500Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T063600Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4360@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Richard Mole (ANSTO)\, Dehong Yu (Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation)\nThe cold-neutron time-of-flight spe ctrometer Pelican has been in operation since 2014. Pelican is well suite d to the measurement of quasielastic and inelastic scattering in the low e nergy region\, as a result Pelican is sensitive to many phenomena includin g self-diffusion of molecular species\, low energy phonons\, crystal field excitation's and spin waves. While use of the neutron energy gain portio n of the spectrum allows the detailed measurement of the phonon density of states. The spectrometer is well equipped with a wide range of sample en vironment which allows measurements in applied magnetic fields\, milli Kel iven temperatures and applied pressure. In this contribution we will show results from recent publications highlighting the diverse science and app lication of the Pelican spectrometer.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org. au/event/146/contributions/4360/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4360/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Fusion Peptide Interactions with the Lipidic Cubic Phase DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T063400Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T063500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4209@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Izabela Milogrodzka (Monash University)\nDespite the fact that membrane fusion is a key step in many biological processes\, th e underlying mechanism still remains elusive. The bicontinuous cubic phase s are a perfect medium for the delivery of therapeutic proteins owing to t heir enhanced solubility\, sustained release and reduced toxicity. It has been suggested that the fusion event of viruses is tightly regulated by sp ecialized fusion proteins which are responsible for protein-lipid interact ions or protein-protein interactions. The fusion components of enveloped v iral fusion involve viral proteins that insert hydrophobic sequences into the target membrane and refold to drive merging of the lipid bilayers whic h can be utilized to enhance drug delivery. By using high throughput metho dology to prepare and characterize viral fusion peptide interactions based on lipid composition\, our study has revealed that the N-terminal charge of the viral fusion peptide has a significant effect on lattice parameter of the cubic phases. Induced curvature depends on peptide concentration bu t the mechanism was observed to be viral dependent. We investigated the ph ase behaviour which represents its fusion function and bilayer destabilizi ng effect\, upon encapsulation in bicontinuous cubic phases with and witho ut phospholipid using synchrotron SAXS. We also used TOF-SANS and contrast -matching of the lipid membrane to investigate the phase behaviour of the mixed lipid systems. This is crucial for better understanding of the funda mental physiochemical parameters of the lipid mesophase in response to pep tide encapsulation and dependency of the peptide structural conformation.\ n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4209/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4209/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Scientific computing support for neutron scattering experiments at ANSTO DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T063300Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T063400Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4357@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: RAMZI KUTTEH (ANSTO/ACNS)\nThe purpose of the scient ific computing support at ANSTO is to aid in the interpretation of both st ructural and dynamical data from the neutron scattering instruments using atomistic modelling calculations. Most of these calculations are done with ab initio scientific software packages based on Density Functional Theory \, including VASP\, WIEN2K\, ABINIT\, SIESTA\, PHONON\, and QUANTUM ESPRES SO\, although some are performed with packages based on classical force fi elds\, such as LAMMPS\, DL_POLY\, NAMD\, and GULP. Analysis of the results of these calculations exploits tools such as VMD\, NMOLDYN\, XCRYSDEN\, a nd ISAACS\, in addition to in-house code. Calculations and analysis are ca rried out locally on a scientific computing Linux cluster comprising both ACNS dedicated cores and ANSTO shared ones\, with jobs managed by PBS. We give a brief overview of all of the above capabilities and an example of a typical calculation/analysis.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/even t/146/contributions/4357/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4357/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Status\, statistics\, and recent research highlights from Echidna DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T063200Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T063300Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4356@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Max Avdeev (Australian Nuclear Science and Technolog y Organisation\, Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering)\, James Hester (ANSTO)\, Chin-Wei Wang (NSRRC)\nThe Echidna high-resolution powder diffra ctometer remains a reliable and productive ACNS instrument contributing an nually to about 50 published studies done on a wide range of topics\, from magnetic\, energy and planetary materials to cultural heritage and additi ve manufacturing. We will discuss how Echidna has been affected by COVID-1 9 measures\, latest and planned developments\, user programme statistics\, and recent research highlights.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/ev ent/146/contributions/4356/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4356/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Full Hemisphere Photoemission Using the Toroidal Analyser DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T063100Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T063200Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4355@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Anton Tadich ()\nThe toroidal analyser at the Austra lian Synchrotron is an angle-resolving photoelectron spectrometer capable of mapping the full hemisphere of emitted photoelectrons from a sample. T his measurement capability is unusual amongst conventional photoelectron s pectrometers\, and permits a number unique techniques for the electronic a nd structural characterization of surfaces. This presentation will detail the operating principles of the spectrometer\, with particular reference t o the angular detection geometry\, and will describe the three modes of fu ll hemisphere photoemission (i) Fermi Surface Mapping (ii) Molecular Tomog raphy and (iii) Photoelectron Diffraction.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron .org.au/event/146/contributions/4355/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4355/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:EMU cold-neutron backscattering spectrometer at ACNS\, ANSTO DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T063000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T063100Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4352@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Alice Klapproth (ANSTO)\nEMU is the high-resolution neutron spectrometer installed at the OPAL reactor\, ANSTO\, which deliver s 1 µeV FWHM energy transfer resolution for an accessible ±31 µeV energ y transfer range. The spectral resolution is achieved by neutron backscatt ering from Si (111) crystals on the primary and secondary flight paths\, a llowing up to 1.95 Å-1 momentum transfer range. The spectrometer is well for suited quasi-elastic and inelastic neutron scattering studies\, notabl y in the field of soft-condensed mater including biophysics and polymer sc ience\, chemistry and materials science\, and geosciences. \nMost experime nts are carried out with standard cryo-furnaces (2 to 800 K temperature ra nge). Spectrometer beam-time access is merit-based\, thus welcoming experi ments as well in other materials research areas\, and including experiment s that may require e.g.\, other ancillary equipment such as existing contr olled-gas delivery\, and potentially pressure\, applied field set-ups\, et c. We will present examples of the spectrometer capabilities through selec t case studies.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contribut ions/4352/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4352/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Kookaburra\, the ultra-small-angle neutron scattering instrument a t ANSTO: design and recent applications DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T074400Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T074500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4354@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jitendra Mata (ANSTO)\nThe double-crystal ultra-smal l-angle neutron scattering (USANS) diffractometer KOOKABURRA at ANSTO was made available for user experiments in 2014. KOOKABURRA allows the charact erisation of microstructures covering length scales in the range of 0.1– 20 µm. Use of the first- and second-order reflections coming off a doubly curved highly oriented mosaic pyrolytic graphite pre-monochromator at a f ixed Bragg angle\, in conjunction with two interchangeable pairs of Si(111 ) and Si(311) quintuple-reflection channel-cut crystals\, permits operatio n of the instrument at two individual wavelengths\, 4.74 and 2.37 Å (see more details https://www.ansto.gov.au/our-facilities/australian-centre-for -neutron-scattering/neutron-scattering-instruments/kookaburra). This uniqu e feature among reactor-based USANS instruments allows optimal accommodati on of a broad range of samples\, both weakly and strongly scattering\, in one sample setup [1\,2]. The versatility and capabilities of KOOKABURRA ha ve already resulted in a number of research papers\, including studies on hard matter systems like rocks and coal [3\,4]\, as well as soft matter sy stems like hydrogels or milk [5\,6]. This clearly demonstrates that this i nstrument has a major impact in the field of large-scale structure determi nation. Some of the recent examples will be presented here. \n\nReferences :\n[1] Rehm\, C. et al\, J. Appl. Cryst.\, 2013\, 46 1699-1704.\n[2] Rehm\ , C. et al\, J. Appl. Cryst.\, 2018\, 51\, 1-8.\n[3] Blach\, T. et al\, Jo urnal of Coal Geology\, 2018\, 186\, 135-144.\n[4] Sakurovs\, R.et al\, En ergy & Fuels\, 2017\, 31(1)\, 231-238.\n[5] Whittaker\, J. et al\, Int. J. Biol. Macromol.\, 2018\, 114\, 998-1007.\n[6] Li\, Z. et al\, Food Hydroc olloid\, 2018\, 79\, 170-178.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event /146/contributions/4354/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4354/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:A photon counting detector for x-ray imaging: advantages and chall enges DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T074300Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T074400Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4353@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Chris Hall (Australian Synchrotron)\nX-ray sensitive area detectors comprised of arrays of photon counting elements have been under development for decades. The difficult and expensive technological d evelopment of integrating readout electronic chips with a converter has be en substantially supported by areas of science other than synchrotron radi ation research. For instance\, such innovation is vital in large scale hig h energy physics detectors. Synchrotron radiation research has benefited f rom this technology being spun-out into the market.\nIMBL has purchased a photon counting array detector: the Eiger2\, from the Swiss company Dectri s. It will be used in our human radiography programme. An NHMRC grant was awarded to pursue the use of computed tomography in mammography (breast im aging) using the IMBL. Funds were provided for a 3 mega-pixel array detect or\, with 75 micron pitch pixels. Similar devices have been used in SR x-r ay scattering stations for a sometime\, but have not yet found extensive u se in radiography. The exquisite sensitivity is a great advantage for imag ing live subjects\; keeping the required dose to a minimum. However they d o have field coverage limitations. These are being addressing as part of t he human imaging project. In all photon counting detectors currently on th e market\, the active area is not continuous. The boundaries between IC ch ips\, and multi-chip modules create gaps. For diffraction these missing pi xels may be less important\, since reflections are often duplicated\, or r adial integration reduces their effect. In imaging however\, every pixel c arries potentially important clinical information.\nSome initial data from the IMBL Eiger2 is presented\, along with ideas for ameliorating the effe ct of the missing pixels on the radiological information.\n\nhttps://event s01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4353/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4353/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Working Mechanisms of Conversion-Type Metaphosphate Electrodes for Lithium/Sodium-Ion Batteries DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T074200Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T074300Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4349@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Qingbo Xia (The University of Sydney)\nThe developme nt of novel high-performance electrodes is crucial for the next generation of lithium/sodium-ion batteries (LIBs/SIBs) that can charge rapidly while maintaining high lithium/sodium storage capacity. One of the major resear ch directions to achieve improved energy/power densities of LIBs/SIBs has\ , thus far\, focused on electrode materials that can store Li+/Na+ through conversion reactions. Our group has discovered and systematically studied a new family of conversion-type electrode materials\, the transition meta l metaphosphates [M(PO3)n (M = Mn\, Fe\, Co\, Ni and Cu\; n = 1\, 2\, 3)]. Unlike traditional conversion-type monoanionic compounds such as oxides\, nitrides and fluorides which rely on nanomaterials engineering\, these me taphosphates can achieve full capacities and fast Li+/Na+ diffusion kineti cs from micro-sized samples synthesised by conventional solid-state method s. We studied their conversion reactions using a combination of in situ x- ray powder diffraction (XRPD)\, in/ex situ X-ray absorption near-edge spec troscopy (XANES)\, and ex situ high resolution transmission electron micro scopy (HRTEM). During the initial discharging\, these compounds convert in to amorphous ceramic composites with high electrochemical activities in wh ich fine transition metal nanograins are embedded in a glassy LiPO3 matrix . Glassy LiPO3 is an excellent Li+ conductor due to the low iconicity of P O3-\, and it can buffer the volume change of the electrode to maintain its integrity\, thus leading to much better electrochemical reversibility and cycling stability than monoanionic compounds. In the following first char ge\, the electrode converts back to a metaphosphate in terms of its compos ition but does not recrystallise. In subsequent cycles\, the metaphosphate electrodes in an amorphous form continue to react with Li+/Na+ reversibly .\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4349/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4349/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Continuous chemical redistribution following amorphous-to-crystall ine structural ordering in a Zr-Cu-Al bulk metallic glass DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T074100Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T074200Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4348@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Xuelian Wu ()\nBulk metallic glasses (BMGs) are ther modynamically metastable. As such\, crystallization occurs when a BMG is t hermally annealed at a temperature above the glass transition temperature. While extensive studies have been performed on the crystallization kineti cs of BMGs\, most of them have focused on the amorphous-to-crystalline str uctural ordering\, and little attention has been paid to chemical distribu tion and its relationship with the structural ordering during the crystall ization process. In this paper\, a new approach\, with simultaneous differ ential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and small angle neutron scattering (SANS ) measurements\, was applied to study in situ the crystallization of a Zr4 5.5Cu45.5Al9 BMG upon isothermal annealing at a temperature in the superco oled liquid region. Quantitative analysis of the DSC and SANS data showed that the structural evolution during isothermal annealing could be classif ied into three stages: (I) incubation\; (II) amorphous-to-crystalline stru ctural ordering\; (III) continuous chemical redistribution. This finding w as validated by composition analysis with atom probe tomography (APT)\, wh ich further identified a transition region formed by expelling Al into the matrix. The transition region\, with a composition of (Cu\,Al)50Zr50\, se rved as an intermediate step facilitating the formation of a thermodynamic ally stable crystalline phase with a composition of (Cu\,Al)10Zr7.\n\nhttp s://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4348/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4348/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Small Angle Neutron Scattering instrument Bilby: capabilities to s tudy mainstream and complex systems DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T074000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T074100Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4351@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Anna Sokolova (Dr)\, Andrew Whitten (ANSTO)\, Lilian a de Campo (ANSTO)\, Chun-Ming Wu (NSRRC)\nANSTO for more than ten years s uccessfully operates the Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) instrument Quokka[1] and in 2016 commenced the user operation of the second SANS inst rument\, Bilby[2]. The Ultra-small angle scattering instrument Kookaburra[ 3] is completing the set of the SANS instruments at ANSTO.\n\nBilby exploi ts neutron Time-of-Flight (ToF) to extend the simultaneous measurable Q-ra nge over and above what is possible on a conventional reactor-based monoch romatic SANS instrument. In ToF mode\, choppers are used to create neutron pulses comprising wavelengths between 2 and 20 Å of variable wavelength resolution (~3% ‒ 30%). In addition\, Bilby can operate in monochromatic mode using a velocity selector.\n\nTwo arrays of position sensitive detec tors in combination with utilizing the wide wavelength range provide the c apability to collect scattering data of a wide simultaneous angular range without changing the experimental set-up (maximum accessible Q on the inst rument is 0.001-1.8Å-1). \n\nAdditionally\, there is a range of sample en vironment available allowing to change sample conditions in situ\, which i s priceless for the study of a wide variety of samples ranging from colloi ds and hierarchical materials to metals. Here we present some recent examp les. \n\n\n\nReferences\n\n1. K. Wood et al\, QUOKKA\, the pinhole small-a ngle neutron scattering instrument at the OPAL Research Reactor\, Australi a: design\, performance\, operation and scientific highlights. J. Appl. Cr ystallogr. 51 (2018) 294-341.\n2. A. Sokolova et al\, Performance and char acteristics of the BILBY time-of-flight small-angle neutron scattering ins trument. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 52 (2019) 1-12.\n3. C. Rehm et al\, Design and performance of the variable-wavelength Bonse-Hart ultra-small-angle ne utron scattering diffractometer KOOKABURRA at ANSTO. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 51 (2018) 1-8.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contribut ions/4351/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4351/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Breaking boundaries\, or is it? Physical disruption at the nano- a nd micro scales for an in situ flow setup DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T073900Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T074000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4227@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Meltem Bayrak ()\nFor various soft and hard matter s ystems\, reduction in sample particle size could be an effective method fo r producing homogeneous samples\, eliminating trapped air bubbles\, facili tating sample preparation (e.g.\, gel loading)\, or meeting the requiremen ts of a specific sample environment. Due to the experimental constraints o f small-angle scattering\, such as the limited width (1 or 2 mm) of the sa mple cell\, time-dependent characterisation of larger samples in real time is often not possible. Physical disruption of samples into smaller sized particles at a macro scale would allow simultaneous characterisation of a variety of systems\, such as facilitating the flow of polymers\, gels\, a ggregates\, and minerals. While physical crushing or blending may appear t o be a straightforward solution to the problem\, a lack of knowledge about the effect on the nano- and microstructure precludes its widespread adopt ion.\n\nIn this study\, a yoghurt-like transglutaminase-induced acid gel ( TG)\, was blended as a method of disruption\, allowing the gel particles t o flow freely in the newly developed recirculated flow set-up designed for the *in situ* analysis of gel devolution over time. The study has demonst rated that mechanical disruption to form TG particle distributions within the 5-6 µm to ~3.5 mm size range had no effect on the micro- and nanostru cture of the gel. This work could benefit several studies\, including dyna mics of hydrogel swelling\, characterisation of particles in motion\, dige stion or changes in structure when exposed to different environmental cond itions\, as well as the implementation of newly developed setups in severa l neutron scattering studies.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event /146/contributions/4227/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4227/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Size\, shape and colloidal stability of fluorescent nanodiamonds i n aqueous suspension DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T073800Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211125T073900Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260305T184834Z UID:indico-contribution-146-4236@events01.synchrotron.org.au DESCRIPTION:Speakers: samir samir eldemrdash (School of science\, RMIT Uni versity\, Melbourne\, Victoria 3001\, Australia)\nFluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) containing negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV–) centres hav e outstanding optical\, photostability and spin properties which make them promising candidates as nanoscale sensors\, and for quantum computing and bioimaging in biological media.\n\nThe location of NV atoms relative to t he surface of the particles is essential for these applications – if the NV atoms are buried too deeply\, this will lead to lower brightness3. To optimize these properties\, the particles must either be small or must hav e at least one dimension which is thin (eg plate shaped particles). The si ze and shape are therefore vital parameters to be investigated. Our collab orators4 examined the size effect on the optical properties of a wide rang e of FND particles\, however\, their 3D structure and colloidal stability have not been widely studied and are not well understood.\n \nHere\, we sy stematically investigate the 3D shape of FNDs in water for a range of size s and investigate the colloidal stability of these particles using dynamic light scattering\, depolarised dynamic light scattering and synchrotron-b ased small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Initial (SAXS) results suggest a n interesting relation between the reported shape\, DLS size of FND partic les and emitted fluorescence.\n\nhttps://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event /146/contributions/4236/ LOCATION:Online URL:https://events01.synchrotron.org.au/event/146/contributions/4236/ END:VEVENT END:VCALENDAR