The duration of ice advance and retreat in Antarctica provides insight into its overall sensitivity to environmental thresholds, the response time of the ice sheet to climate and sea level perturbations. While measuring the timing of ice retreat has become relatively routine through the advent of Be-10 exposure dating, determining the onset and the duration of glaciation remains difficult due...
Veins are opening-mode fractures in rocks filled with minerals crystallised from a fluid injected during the cracking process. They occur throughout the entire lithosphere of our planet and constitute important fast fluid pathways in otherwise dense, impermeable rock1. In addition, veins trap precious ores such as gold and are routinely targeted by the resource industry2,3. Moreover,...
The mineral wastes produced by ultramafic mines (i.e. Cu–Ni–PGE, podiform chromite, diamondiferous kimberlite and historical chrysotile) are ideal materials for sequestering CO2 via mineral carbonation. This natural process traps atmospheric CO2 in mineral form via weathering of Mg or Ca-rich silicate and hydroxide minerals to form Mg-carbonate. Due to a higher surface area, mineral...